Iziteshi ezimbili eziyinhloko eziletha igazi ezinhliziyweni zethu: Konke mayelana neVena Cava!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi elisemzimbeni wethu lifika kanjani enhliziyweni bese libuyela emzimbeni wonke? Kuyinqubo emangalisayo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lomthambo omkhulu olusiza kulo msebenzi. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-Vena Cava . Cishe uke wezwa ngalo ngaphambili. Ake sibheke ukuthi luyini, lwenzani, nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga olungabangelwa yilo.

Iyini i-Vena Cava?

Kalula nje, i-Vena Cava iyimithambo emibili emikhulu kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Iqoqa igazi elisetshenzisiwe, elingenawo umoya-mpilo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wethu bese ilibuyisela ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo. Cabanga ngayo njengemithambo emibili eyinhloko ebuyisela igazi elisetshenzisiwe enhliziyweni ukuze lihlanzwe.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-Vena Cava:

1. I-Superior Vena Cava (SVC): Lokhu kuthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, lisuka ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kwesifuba (ngaphezu kwe-diaphragm) (isibonelo, ikhanda, intamo, nezingalo), libuyele enhliziyweni. Lona umthambo wesibili ngobukhulu emzimbeni wethu.

2. I-Inferior Vena Cava (IVC): Lona umthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Uthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, lisuka ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwesifuba (ngaphansi kwe-diaphragm) (isibonelo, imilenze, izitho zesisu) liye enhliziyweni.

Cabanga ngakho njengomzila webhasi. Imithambo emincane evela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zemizimba yethu (njengezinso, isibindi, kanye ne-spleen) ifana namabhasi asemzileni wedolobha. Lonke igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo kula mabhasi lihlangana ndawonye ebhasini elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi i-inferior vena cava (IVC) . Lelo bhasi yilo elithwala leli gazi liye enhliziyweni.

Futhi, imithambo yegazi evela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zomzimba wethu (isib., isifuba esingaphezulu, umhlane ongaphezulu) ifana namabhasi ase-Uptown Line. Igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elivela kula mabhasi lijoyina ibhasi elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi i-Superior Vena Cava (SVC) . Lokho kuya enhliziyweni. Inhliziyo iyisikhungo esiyinhloko, noma indawo lapho igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elivela kuyo yonke le migqa, edolobheni nasemaphandleni, lijoyina khona. Uyaqonda?

Kwenzekani ngempela ku-Vena Cava?

Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu we-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) kanye ne-vena cava ephansi (IVC) ukuthwala igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo liye e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo yethu. Ukusuka lapho, lelo gazi liya e-ventricle efanele yenhliziyo. Bese, lisuka e-ventricle efanele, leli gazi lithunyelwa emaphashini nge -pulmonary artery .

Amaphaphu yilapho kususwa khona i-carbon dioxide egazini bese kufakwa umoya-mpilo omusha egazini. Kufana nokuvuselela igazi. Igazi elisha elinomoya-mpilo libuyiselwa e-atrium yesobunxele yenhliziyo ngemithambo yamaphaphu .Ukusuka lapho, igazi liya e-ventricle yesobunxele , bese lisuka lapho, lisakazeka emzimbeni wonke nge -aorta . Bheka ukuthi uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, kodwa luhlelwe kahle kangakanani!

Ikuphi iVena Cava?

Le mithambo emibili emikhulu, i-inferior vena cava (IVC) kanye ne-superior vena cava (SVC), zombili zitholakala ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo yethu .

Imithambo yethu yesokudla nesobunxele ehlanganisa imithambo (ebizwa nangokuthi imithambo ye-brachiocephalic ) iyahlangana ukuze yakhe i-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) . Le SVC itholakala ngakwesokudla kwe-sternum , ithambo eliphakathi kwesifuba sethu. Ixhuma ngqo kwi-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.

I-inferior vena cava (IVC) inde kancane. Iqala esiswini sethu, lapho imithambo ye-common iliac evamile neyakwesobunxele ihlangana khona. Ukusuka lapho, iya phezulu iye e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.

Ibukeka kanjani iVena Cava? Ingakanani?

I-vena cava ephezulu (i-SVC) ingumthambo omkhulu ongenawo ama-valve ngaphakathi kuwo.

I-vena cava engaphansi (IVC) nayo iyimthambo omkhulu, omude, kodwa inevalvu eyodwa lapho ixhuma khona ne-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.

Lena yimithambo emikhulu kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.

• I-vena cava ephakeme (i-SVC) ingamasentimitha angu-7 ubude (cishe amasentimitha angu-3) futhi ingamasentimitha angu-2 ububanzi (ngaphansi kwe-intshi).
• I-inferior vena cava (IVC) ingamamilimitha ayi-100 ubude (cishe amasentimitha angu-4) futhi ingamamilimitha angu-22 ububanzi (cishe isentimitha).

Zenziwe ngani lezi?

I-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) kanye ne-vena cava ephansi (IVC) zakhiwe kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:

• Amaseli e-endothelial: Lawa asiza ukushintshanisa izakhamzimba nezicubu.
• Izicubu ezixhumeneyo: Lezi zinikeza ukusekelwa emithanjeni.
• Imicu yezinzwa.
• Imicu enwebekayo: Yilezi ezenza imithambo ibe sesimweni sokunwebeka.
• Izicubu zemisipha.

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta i-Vena Cava?

Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba khona ukuvinjelwa kwe-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) noma i-vena cava ephansi (IVC). Lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Superior Vena Cava Syndrome noma i-Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome , kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye evinjiwe.

Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu kuvinjelwa:

• Isimila: isiboneloUmdlavuza wamaphaphu , noma olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza, ungasakazeka futhi ucindezele le mithambo.
• Amahlule egazi: Ngezinye izikhathi amahlule egazi angakheka ku-vena cava ephezulu kubantu abane -catheter yemithambo ephakathi noma i-pacemaker .
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa: Lokhu kusho into engakheki kahle isesesibelethweni.

Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga nge-Vena Cava?

Uma i-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) noma i-vena cava ephansi (IVC) icindezelwa okuthile, noma lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuvinjiwe ngaphakathi, izimpawu ezinjengalezi:

I-Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (ukuvinjelwa noma ukucindezelwa) Izimpawu:

• Ukuvuvukala komzimba ongaphezulu (ubuso, intamo, izingalo).
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina ).

Izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi noma isimila ku-vena cava ephezulu (SVC):

• Ukuvuvukala emzimbeni ongaphezulu.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.

Izimpawu zokuqhekeka kwegazi ku-inferior vena cava (IVC):

• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze.
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane.
• Ukwanda kwesisindo.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni.

Izimpawu ezibangelwa isimila ku-inferior vena cava (IVC):

• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo.

Izimpawu ze-Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome (ukuvinjelwa noma ukucindezelwa):

• Umfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Ukuvuvukala emzimbeni ongezansi.
• I-Tachycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo).

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Lezi zingaba futhi izimpawu zezinye izifo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela engalungile.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-Vena Cava?

Udokotela wakho unezivivinyo eziningana zokuhlola isimo se-Vena Cava. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• I-X-ray yesifuba (lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukubheka i-vena cava ephezulu).
• I-Coronary angiography (lokhu kungabheka ne-vena cava ephezulu).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT Scan (CT - Computed Tomography).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI scan (MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• I-venography yokuqhathanisa noma i-phlebography (lokhu kuyi-X-ray yemithambo, kodwa ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izinkinga ezihlobene ne-Vena Cava?

Lapho kwelashwa inkinga nge-vena cava ephezulu (SVC) noma i-vena cava ephansi (IVC), izindlela zokwelapha ezifanayo zivame ukusetshenziswa.

• Ama-diuretics ( imithi ekhulisa ukuphuma komchamo) noma ama-steroid anganikezwa ukwelapha ukuvuvukala.
• Ama-steroid , ama-thrombolytic (imithi yokuncibilikisa amahlule egazi), kanye nama-anticoagulant (imithi evimbela amahlule egazi) anganikezwa ukwelapha ukuvaleka okufana namahlule egazi.
• Ihlule legazi lingasuswa kusetshenziswa i-catheter .
• Uma umthambo uncishisiwe (i-stenosis) ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi, i-angioplasty (ukucindezela ukuvaleka odongeni lomthambo) ingenziwa futhi kufakwe i -stent ( ithubhu elincane lensimbi).
• Uma kukhona ihlule legazi noma isimila , ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kungenziwa.
• Uma kukhona isimila, singasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe kunganikezwa ukwelapha izimila.

Futhi, uma une -Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) (isimo lapho kwakheka khona amahlule egazi emilenzeni) futhi usengozini yokuba nehlule legazi elihamba lisuka emilenzeni noma ethangeni liye emaphashini (okubizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary embolism (PE) , udokotela wakho angase anqume ukufaka isihlungi se-Vena Cava . Lesi sihlungi sibamba amahlule egazi futhi siwavimbele ukuthi aye emaphashini.

Ungayigcina kanjani i-Vena Cava yakho iphilile?

Njengeminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho, ungayinakekela le Vena Cava.

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunamafutha agcwele aphansi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Lawula izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme , i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nesifo sikashukela .

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu

Uma unesivimbelo ku-vena cava ephakeme (SVC) noma ku-vena cava ephansi (IVC), udokotela wakho unezinketho eziningana zokwelapha lesi sifo. Khuluma naye ngokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sakho. Uma udokotela wakho ekunike imithi, yithathe njengoba nje kuqondiswe. Uma uke wahlinzwa noma olunye ukwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi ugcina ama-aphoyintimenti kadokotela wakho uze ululame ngokugcwele. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

I- Vena cava, inhliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, imithambo yegazi, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, i-vena cava ephezulu, i-vena cava engaphansi