Ngubani isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Ngezinye izikhathi izingqondo zethu zikhathazwa yinto ethile noma enye, akunjalo? Ezinye izinkinga kunzima ukuzixazulula zodwa. Yilapho-ke sidinga khona usizo lwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Kodwa ubani lo sosayensi wengqondo? Benzani? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu namuhla.

Ngubani isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo?

Kalula nje, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ngumuntu ofunde ngokujulile ukuziphatha kwabantu, imicabango, kanye nemizwa yabo. Baneziqu eziphakeme kulesi sifundo. Iningi lezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo linokuqeqeshwa kobungcweti kanye namakhono okwelapha adingekayo ukuhlola nokwelapha impilo yakho yengqondo.

Bakuphatha kanjani? Ngokuyinhloko ngokwelashwa ngezingxoxo (okwaziwa nangokuthi 'i-Psychotherapy' noma 'i-Talk Therapy') kanye nokuhlolwa kwengqondo nokuhlolwa. Bakusiza ukuthi ubhekane ngempumelelo nangenjabulo nezinkinga obhekene nazo empilweni yakho, izinkinga onazo ngobudlelwano, kanye nezimo ezahlukene zempilo yengqondo.

Ngakho-ke ngubani lo 'uSosayensi Wezengqondo Wezokwelapha'?

I-Clinical psychology iyigatsha elikhethekile le-psychology. Kulokhu, isazi sezengqondo se-clinical sinolwazi olubanzi nolujulile lwe-psychology kanye neminye imikhakha ehlobene.

Basiza abantu babo bonke ubudala, kusukela ezinganeni ezincane kuya kubantu abadala, abavela ezizindeni ezahlukene zamasiko, ngisho nalabo abanezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezingathi sína . Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sinokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze sinikeze ukunakekelwa kwengqondo nokuziphatha okuphelele kubantu ngabanye kanye nemindeni. Ngokuvamile basebenza ku:

• Izikole
• Izibhedlela kanye nemitholampilo
• Izikhungo zokwelulekwa
• Izinhlangano zomphakathi

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Counseling Psychologist kanye ne-Clinical Psychologist?

Nakuba kunokufana okuningi phakathi kwale misebenzi emibili, kukhona umehluko othile. Into eyinhloko ukuthi isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sigxile kakhulu kwi-psychopathology. Kalula nje, ucwaningo olujulile lwezifo zengqondo kanye nohlobo lwazo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esilulekayo sisiza abantu ukubhekana nokubhekana nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, kwezenhlalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokomzimba ekuphileni kwabo.

Ngamanye amazwi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esisebenza ngezokwelapha sisiza ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezinkulu kunososayensi wengqondo ojwayelekile noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esilulekayo. Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bathi asikho isidingo sokuba laba ababili babe namagama ahlukene, njengoba umsebenzi ufana kakhulu.

Ingabe isazi sezengqondo sezokwelapha singudokotela?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Naphezu kwegama elithi "clinical" egameni labo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwezokwelapha asisiye udokotela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile abakwazi uku-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-X-ray noma i-MRI scans. Ngokuvamile abakwazi ukunikeza imithi.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sezokwelapha sineziqu zobudokotela – kungaba yi-PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) noma i-PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) – kodwa asinazo iziqu zobudokotela (njenge-MD noma i-DO).

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nodokotela wezifo zengqondo?

Yilapho abantu abaningi bebhajwa khona. Masiqonde kalula.

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo ungudokotela wezokwelapha. Okusho ukuthi, udokotela. Angakwazi ukuxilonga nokwelapha izifo zengqondo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, udokotela wezifo zengqondo angakunikeza imithi futhi anikeze ezinye izindlela zokwelapha (isibonelo, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sineziqu zobuDokotela (PhD noma PsyD). Banolwazi olunzulu nolwazi ocwaningweni lwezengqondo noma emisebenzini yezokwelapha. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zelapha izimo zempilo yengqondo ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa ngenkulumo (Psychotherapy noma Talk Therapy). Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo asikwazi ukunikeza imithi.

Odokotela bezifo zengqondo ngokuvamile belapha izimo zempilo yengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezazi zengqondo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga imithi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa .

Ngamanye amazwi, i-psychology iwukufunda ngengqondo, imizwa, nokuziphatha. I-Psychiatry iwumkhakha wezokwelapha oxilonga futhi welaphe izifo zengqondo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nomeluleki?

Umeluleki (ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi uchwepheshe wezokwelapha) ngumuntu oneziqu ze-master emkhakheni ohlobene nempilo yengqondo, njenge-psychology, i-psychology yokweluleka, noma ukwelulekwa ngomshado noma ngomndeni. Umeluleki uyafaneleka ukuhlola impilo yengqondo yomuntu nokusebenzisa amasu okwelapha, njengokwelashwa ngokukhuluma.

Kodwa-ke, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sineziqu zobudokotela (PhD noma PsyD) futhi sinolwazi olujulile nolubanzi ocwaningweni lwezengqondo noma emisebenzini yezokwelapha. Kalula nje, iziqu zemfundo kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kusezingeni eliphakeme kunomeluleki.

Yini eyenziwa yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo?

Izazi zengqondo zisiza abantu abaningi kakhulu.Bangaphinde baphathe izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha kanye nempilo yengqondo, kanye nokusiza ngezinkinga zansuku zonke zokuphila kanye nezinkinga zobudlelwano.

Cabanga ngalokhu: Abanye abantu baya kudokotela wengqondo ngenxa yezinkinga zesikhathi eside njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuzethemba okuphansi . Abanye baya kudokotela wengqondo ukuze bathole usizo ngenkinga yesikhashana. Isibonelo, bangase babe nobunzima ngomsebenzi omusha, noma bangase babe nobunzima nelungu lomndeni, umngane, noma othandekayo.

Izazi zengqondo zivame ukubandakanyeka ekunakekeleni abantu abanezinye izifo zomzimba. Isibonelo, basiza abantu abanenkinga yokungalali, izinhlungu ezingapheli, izinkinga zokudla, noma izifo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umdlavuza ukuze babhekane nesimo sabo futhi baphile impilo eqinile engqondweni .

Ochwepheshe bezengqondo bangenza izivivinyo nokuhlola okuhlukahlukene . Lokhu kungasiza ekuxilongeni isimo sengqondo noma bafunde kabanzi ngendlela umuntu acabanga, azizwa ngayo, futhi aziphatha ngayo. Lezi zivivinyo zingabheka izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Amakhono obuhlakani.
• Amandla nobuthakathaka bokucabanga (ukucabanga nokucabanga).
• Izintandokazi zomsebenzi (okungukuthi uhlobo lomsebenzi owuthandayo nowufanelekelayo - `Izintandokazi zomsebenzi`).
• Izici zobuntu.

Ochwepheshe bezengqondo basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha ezisekelwe ebufakazini ukuze bathuthukise izimpilo zabantu. Uhlobo lokwelashwa oluvame kakhulu abalusebenzisayo ukwelashwa ngenkulumo (okwaziwa nangokuthi i-psychotherapy noma i-talk therapy). Lokhu kuhilela ukukhuluma ngemizwa yakho, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha kwakho, ukukuqonda, kanye nokwakha ubuhlobo obuthembekile phakathi kwakho nodokotela wezengqondo ukuze akusize wenze izinguquko ozidingayo ukuze uqhubekele phambili empilweni yakho.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (`Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda - CBT`)
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokukhuluma (i-DBT)
• Ukwelashwa Kokuxhumana Komuntu Nomuntu
• Ukwelashwa Kobuntu
• Ukwelashwa Kwengqondo

Lokhu kwelashwa kungaba okwabantu ngabanye, imibhangqwana, noma imindeni. Isazi sakho sokusebenza kwengqondo sizosebenza nawe ukukhetha ukwelashwa okufanelana kahle nezidingo zakho nemigomo yakho.

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi inhlanganisela yokwelapha ngenkulumo kanye nemithi isebenza kahle kakhulu empilweni yabo yengqondo. Uma kunjalo kuwe, isazi sakho sengqondo sizosebenzisana nodokotela womndeni wakho noma isazi sezifo zengqondo ukuze sakhe uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphelele.

Ingabe isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo singakunikeza imithi?

Lokhu futhi kuyindaba ebalulekile. Ngokuvamile, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo eSri Lanka asikwazi ukukunikeza imithi.

Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, isibonelo, emazweni amaningana e-United States (njengeNew Mexico, Louisiana, Illinois, Iowa, kanye ne-Idaho), odokotela bezengqondo abanelayisensi abathole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe bavunyelwe ngokomthetho ukunikeza uhlu olulinganiselwe lwemithi yokusiza ngezimo ezithile zengqondo njengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi odokotela bezengqondo okwamanje abavunyelwe ukunikeza imithi eSri Lanka. Ngenxa yalokho, udinga ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo.

Yiziphi izinto ongazithola kudokotela wengqondo?

Isazi sakho sokusebenza kwengqondo singelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo nezokuziphatha, kanye nokukusiza ukuthi ubhekane nezimo ezahlukahlukene ezicindezelayo empilweni. Lezi zinkinga zingaba zesikhashana noma zesikhathi eside . Isibonelo, ungathola usizo kudokotela wengqondo ngezinto ezinjengalezi:

• Inkinga Yokusebenzisa Utshwala kanye nezinye izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Izinkinga zentukuthelo.
• Ukukhathazeka.
• Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Komzimba.
• Ukubhekana nesifo esisanda kutholakala noma ukuphila nesifo sesikhathi eside njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo samathambo.
• Ukucindezeleka.
• Izinkinga zokudla (isb., ukudla okuncane kakhulu noma okuningi kakhulu).
• Izinkinga zomndeni nezobudlelwano (isib., izinkinga nabazali, oshade naye, nezingane).
• Isiyaluyalu Sokugembula.
• Inkinga Yokuqongelela Imali.
• Usizi nokulahlekelwa ('Usizi nokulahlekelwa') okuhlangenwe nakho kokufa kothandekayo noma ukulahlekelwa okuthile okuyigugu.
• Izinkinga ezinjengokwehla kokusebenza kahle kanye nokulahlekelwa intshisekelo emsebenzini noma emsebenzini wesikole.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene nakho.
• Ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Sangemva Kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD) yisifo sengqondo esenzeka ngemva kwesigameko esibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukucindezeleka ngemva kokubeletha kwenzeka kwabanye omama ngemva kokubeletha.
• Izinkinga zokulala.
• Ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka.
• Ukungazethembi, amahloni.
• Ukwesaba (ukwesaba izinto noma izimo ezingavamile).
• Siza ukuyeka imikhuba emibi (isib., ukuluma izinzipho njalo, ukubhema, njll.).
• Ukubhekana nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kakhulu (ukuhlukumezeka).

Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukucela usizo ngezinkinga zengqondo nezokuziphatha, kubalulekile ukwenza kanjalo. Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo zivame kakhulu. Impilo yakho yengqondo nengokomzwelo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba.

Ungaba kanjani isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo?

Ukuba yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo akulula. Kudinga ukuzinikela nesikhathi esiningi. Ngokuvamile, udinga ukuqedela lezi zinyathelo:

• Okokuqala, udinga ukuthola iziqu zeminyaka emine (`iziqu zeBachelor') eyunivesithi.
• Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukufunda iziqu ze-postgraduate (`isikole se-Graduate`) iminyaka engaba mine kuya kweyisithupha. Yilokhu okuholela 'kwiziqu zobuDokotela' - okungukuthi, iziqu ze-'PhD - Doctor of Philosophy' emkhakheni wezengqondo noma iziqu ze-'PsyD - Doctor of Psychology'.
• Ngesikhathi sakho se-postgraduate degree, kufanele uqedele i-internship yesikhathi esigcwele yonyaka owodwa.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele uphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezinga likazwelonke kanye nezivivinyo ezengeziwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho nemigomo yezwe/isifundazwe lapho ufisa ukukhonza khona.

Emazweni amaningi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kumele siqede cishe unyaka wonke sokuqeqeshwa ngaphansi kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esiqeqeshiwe ngaphambi kokuba sithole ilayisensi. Abaningi balandela izifundo zobudokotela ukuze bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe emkhakheni abawukhethile wesayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo.

Odokotela bezengqondo abanelayisensi kumele bahlale benolwazi ngentuthuko entsha emkhakheni wabo, ucwaningo olusha, kanye nokwelashwa okusha. Yingakho behlanganyela ezinhlelweni zemfundo eqhubekayo ('Imfundo Eqhubekayo') - okungukuthi, amaseminari, ucwaningo, kanye namakilasi engeziwe - njalo ngonyaka kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo?

Ngokuvamile, kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela eminyakeni engu-8 kuya kwengu-12 noma ngaphezulu ukuba yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esinelayisensi. Lokhu kuncike ekutheni uqeda ngokushesha kangakanani iziqu zakho ze-bachelor's noma ze-doctorate. Lesi sikhathi singahluka, njengoba kuzodingeka futhi uqedele i-internship yesikhathi esigcwele, okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, futhi mhlawumbe omunye unyaka wokuzijwayeza okuqondisiwe, kuye ngendawo onethemba lokusebenza kuyo.

Yiziphi izinto ezikhethekile ezitholakala ku-psychology?

I-Psychology iyisifundo esibanzi kakhulu. Iphinde ibe nezinto eziningi ezikhethekile. Okusho ukuthi, izazi zengqondo zingafunda indawo ethile ngokujulile futhi zibe ochwepheshe kuleyo ndawo. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Ingqondo yengane - Mayelana nokukhula kwengqondo nezinkinga zezingane.
• I-Psychology yezokwelapha - ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwesifo sengqondo.
• Ukwelulekwa kwengqondo - ukusiza abantu ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphila kanye nokucindezeleka.
• Isayensi yobuchopho kanye ne-cognitive psychology - mayelana nendlela abantu abacabanga, abafunda ngayo, nabakhumbula ngayo.
• I-psychology yentuthuko - Mayelana nendlela abantu abashintsha ngayo impilo yabo yonke.
• I-psychology yokuhlola - Ucwaningo lwemiqondo yezengqondo ngocwaningo.
• I-psychology ye-forensic kanye neyenkonzo yomphakathi - Ukusetshenziswa kwe-psychology emthethweni nasebugebengwini.
• I-psychology yezempilo - Indlela impilo yengqondo ethinta ngayo impilo yomzimba.
• Ingqondo yokuvuselelwa - ukusiza abantu abakhubazekile noma abagulayo ukuba balulame.
• Isayensi yezemidlalo nokusebenza kahle - esiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwabadlali nabanye.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Kungase kube nzima ukuvuma nokucela usizo uma unenkinga yempilo yengqondo, ukucindezeleka, noma inkinga yemizwa. Kodwa ukwenza kanjalo kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yakho yengqondo kanye nenjabulo empilweni. Udokotela wengqondo angakusiza uqonde izinto ezikuvimbela ukuba uphile impilo egcwele nenempilo, futhi akunike amandla okuzinqoba nokubhekana nazo.

Bangochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo. Banokuqonda okuhle ngocwaningo lwakamuva kanye nokwelashwa okungakusiza. Isazi sakho sengqondo sizosebenzisana nawe ukudala uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi, unganqikazi, khuluma ngalokho okusengqondweni yakho, futhi ucele usizo. Awuwedwa.

Isazi Sezengqondo, Impilo Yengqondo, Ukwelulekwa, Ukwelashwa Ngengqondo, Ukwelashwa Ngezingxoxo, Udokotela Wezengqondo