Umlingo osiza iso ukubona! Ake sifunde nge-retina ngamagama alula.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi sibona kanjani izinto ezinhle kuleli zwe, imibala, abangane bethu, kanye nemindeni yethu ngokucacile kangaka? Empeleni kukhona inqubo emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zaleyo nqubo yi -retina , noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi , i-retina . Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngale ngxenye ebaluleke kakhulu esisiza sibone (i-Retina) ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-retina?

Kalula nje, i-retina yakho iyingqimba yamaseli ngemuva kwebhola leso lakho. Kufana nefilimu ekhamera. Uma ukukhanya okuvela ngaphandle kushaya i-retina, kuguqula lokho kukhanya kube izimpawu zemizwa, okuyimiyalezo emincane kagesi. Lezi zimpawu bese zihamba nge -optic nerve yakho ziye ebuchosheni bakho. Ubuchopho buhlaziya lezi zimpawu bese busitshela izinto ezinjengokuthi, "O, nansi imbali," nokuthi "Nansi umama," okuyikho okusinika umbono .

Cabanga nje, uma le ngxenye yeso ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina ingasebenzi kahle, indlela esibona ngayo umhlaba ingashintsha ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi umbono ungafiphala, izingxenye zeso zingalahleka, noma zilahleke ngokuphelele. Ezimweni eziningi, umonakalo we-retina uhlala unomphela, futhi uma ungelashwa ngokushesha, kunzima ukubuyisela umbono. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona ushintsho oluzumayo emehlweni akho noma ekuboneni.

Ikuphi i-retina? Ziyini izingxenye zayo?

I-retina yakho itholakala ngemuva kweso lakho. Itholakala ngemuva kwengxenye enombala yeso lakho (esiyibiza ngokuthi i-iris) kanye nelensi. Uma igxile kahle, imisebe yokukhanya iyahlangana bese iwela ngqo kwi-retina.

Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-retina. Lezi yizi:

1. I -Macula

2. I -Peripheral Retina

Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi ngokwehlukana.

Ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-macula

Lena yindawo encane ezwela kakhulu enkabeni ye-retina. I-macula yiyo esisiza ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile imininingwane emincane nemibala kulokho esikubonayo. Cabanga nje, ufunda incwadi, ubheka ubuso bomngane, ushayela imoto... Lawa amaseli akhethekile ku-macula abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-cone . Lawa maseli yiwo anikeza imibala kanye nokubona okubukhali.

I-macula iyingxenye ye-retina ebalulekile ekuboneni kwethu okubukhali, okucacile, nokunemibala.

Ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-peripheral retina

Lena yingxenye enkulu ye-retina ezungeze i-macula. Ngisho noma ubheka phambili, awukwazi ukubona izinto ezikuzungezile.Lokhu kungenxa ye-peripheral retina. Futhi, ekukhanyeni okuphansi, okungukuthi, ebusuku, kutholakala uhlobo oluhlukile lwamaseli azwela ukukhanya abizwa ngokuthi ama-rod cell kule ngxenye. Nakuba lawa engemahle kakhulu ekuqapheleni imibala, asisiza sibone kumnyama nomhlophe kanye nasekukhanyeni okuphansi.

Yiziphi izifo ezivame ukuhlasela i-retina?

Ngeshwa, ezinye izifo eziningi zamehlo nazo zingathinta i-retina. Ezinye izimo ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuguga kwe-Macular Degeneration (AMD): Yilapho ingxenye yeso ebizwa ngokuthi i-macula esikhulume ngayo yonakala njengoba siguga. Lokhu kwenza izinto ezifana nokubona kahle nokufunda kube nzima.
• I-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangaba nomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi emehlweni abo, okuthinta i-retina. Uma ingelashwa, lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono.
• I-Hypertensive Retinopathy: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungalimaza imithambo yegazi emehlweni futhi ubangele izinkinga nge-retina.
• Imbobo Ye-Macular: Imbobo encane phakathi nendawo ye-macula.
• I-Macular Pucker: Ifilimu encane yakheka phezu kwe-macula, okwenza umbono ubole.
• I-Ocular Migraine: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhanya phambi kwamehlo abo noma balahlekelwe umbono okwesikhashana ngesikhathi behlaselwa yi-migraine.
• I-Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho into efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous) ihlukana ne-retina. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka njengoba sikhula.
• Ukopha/Ukopha kwe-Retinal: Ukopha okuvela emithanjeni yegazi emincane ku-retina.
• Ukuhlukaniswa Kwe-Retinal kanye Nezinyembezi Ze-Retinal: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo! I-retinal isuka odongeni lwangemuva lwenhlamvu yeso. Kudingeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Ukuvalelwa Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal noma Ukuvalelwa Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal / Ukushaywa Yiso: Njengokushaywa yiso ebuchosheni, umthambo wegazi ohlinzeka ngegazi esweni uyavaleka.
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-Retinal / Uveitis: Ukuvuvukala kwezingxenye zeso, kufaka phakathi i-retina.
• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa: Lesi yisifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo esibangela ukulahlekelwa umbono kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ukubona ebusuku kanye nokubona okungaphandle.
• I-Retinopathy Yokukhula Ngaphambi Kokukhulelwa (ROP): Isimo esingaba khona ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• I-Solar Retinopathy:Ukubheka ilanga ngqo (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga) ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kungabangela umonakalo ku-retina.
• Umdlavuza Wamehlo (i-Retinoblastoma) kanye nezinye izimila ezingengozi, isibonelo.
• Ubumpumputhe bombala, isibonelo (i-Achromatopsia) - okungukuthi, ukungakwazi ukubona noma yimiphi imibala.

Ungesabi ukubona lolu hlu. Akuzona zonke lezi zinto ezizokwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinto zikhona.

Ziyini izimpawu zenkinga ye-retina?

Uma kunenkinga nge-retina yakho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezithile. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela:

• Umbono ofiphele noma ophambene: Izinto azibonakali zicacile, noma zibonakala zinwebekile noma ziqinile.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle / Umbono womhubhe: Njengokungathi ubheka ngepayipi, umbono wakho ongaphandle uyancipha.
• Ukubona okuphindwe kabili (i-Diplopia).
• Ukukhanya kwamehlo/i-Photopsias.
• Ukubona amachashazi amancane amnyama noma imicu intanta phambi kwamehlo akho (Ama-Eye floaters / ama-Myodesopsias). Qaphela kakhulu uma lawa anda ngokuzumayo noma eba makhulu.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya, ukungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya (ukuzwela ukukhanya / i-Photophobia).
• Amabala angaboni/ama-scotoma noma amaphutha ensimu yokubona.
• Uma umbono uba mubi kancane kancane, ngokuzumayo, noma ngokusobala.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Ikakhulukazi uma ziqala ngokuzumayo, okusho ukuthi zingakapheli amahora ambalwa noma usuku noma ezimbili, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuhlola i-retina?

Uma ubona udokotela wamehlo, uzobheka i-retina yakho uma ehlola amehlo akho. Ngezinye izikhathi, bazovula amehlo akho ngemithi. Ezinye zezivivinyo ezikhethekile ezenziwayo ukuze kubhekwe i-retina yakho yilezi:

• I-Fundoscopy / I-Ophthalmoscopy: Udokotela ubheka ngaphakathi kweliso lakho esebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekile kanye nelensi (i-ophthalmoscope) ukuhlola i-retina, i-optic nerve, kanye nemithambo yegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesibani Esiqhekekile: Lokhu kufana ne-microscope ekhethekile. Kungakhulisa ingaphambili nangemuva kweso, kufaka phakathi i-retina.
• Izithombe ze-Fundus: Ithatha izithombe ze-retina. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekubukeni nasekuqhathaniseni kamuva.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fundus Reflex / Red Reflex: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa amehlo ezingane ezincane. Uma kukhanya iso, iso liyahlolwa ukuthi alinayo yini i-red reflex.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokubona Okubonakalayo: Lolu vivinyo oludumile olukuvumela ukuthi ufunde izinhlamvu usuka kude. Lulinganisa ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Ebonakalayo: Ukuhlola ukuthi umbono wakho ongaphandle unjani.

Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi kunenkinga yini nge-retina yakho.

Siyivikela kanjani i-retina yethu?

Njengoba nje amehlo ethu eyigugu, i-retina yethu iyigugu. Ngakho-ke sonke kufanele sibe nesithakazelo ekuyivikeleni.

• Hlola amehlo akho njalo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugqoka izibuko noma cha, bona udokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka, noma okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili . Uma unesinye isimo esingathinta amehlo akho, njengesifo sikashukela, kufanele nakanjani uhlolwe amehlo akho okungenani kanye ngonyaka . Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaki.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Izakhamzimba ezifana namavithamini A, C, E, kanye ne-zinc zilungele amehlo akho. Faka imifino eluhlaza, izithelo, kanye nenhlanzi (ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinamafutha njenge-salmon kanye ne-tuna) ekudleni kwakho.
• Gqoka njalo isivikelo samehlo uma udlala imidlalo noma wenza umsebenzi ongaba yingozi emehlweni (isib. ukusebenza ngokhuni, ukushisela).
• Zivikele elangeni: Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezikhanyiswe nge-polarized ezivikela emisebeni ye-UV uma uphuma ngaphandle. Ungabheki ilanga ngqo.
• Vikela i-retina yakho emithonjeni yokukhanya enamandla: Ungabheki ngqo izinto ezifana nokukhanya kokushisela noma i-magnesium evuthayo (etholakala ezibanini eziseceleni komgwaqo kanye neziqalisi zomlilo zasekamu). Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli.
• Ungazinaki izinguquko embonweni wakho: Ngisho noma izinto zishintsha kancane kancane, ungacabangi nje ukuthi, "Kulungile."

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, noma ngabe ucabanga ukuthi zincane. Kungase kube yisikhathi sokushintsha izibuko zakho. Noma kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Ungalindi ukuthi izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo, noma uma kwenzeka izinguquko ezintsha zombono (isib. ukukhanya, ukubona izinto eziningi ezintantayo) (okungukuthi, phakathi nemizuzu embalwa noma amahora ambalwa), hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Lezi zimpawu zingaholela ngokushesha ekulimaleni okungenakuguqulwa kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono, ngakho ungalokothi uzishaye indiva.

Ngamafuphi, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-retina namuhla, akunjalo? Cishe uyaqonda ukuthi ibaluleke kangakanani ekuboneni kwethu. I-retina yiyo ehumusha ukukhanya esikubonayo kube ulimi oluqondwa ubuchopho. Ngaphandle kwayo, besingeke sikwazi ukubona lo mhlaba omuhle.

Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela i-retina yakho kungenye yezindlela ezinkulu zokuvikela umbono wakho. Uma ubona noma yini "engavamile" noma "eshintshile" embonweni wakho, ungabi yisivila ukukhuluma nodokotela ngayo. Ngoba uma usheshe uqaphele isifo bese uqala ukwelashwa, kulapho amathuba okugwema izinkinga ezinkulu eba makhulu khona. Ukuvikela amehlo akho kusezandleni zakho!

I- Retina, impilo yamehlo, umbono, izifo zamehlo, i-macula, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo