Ukuskena kwekhanda nge-MRI? (Brain MRI) Ungesabi, ake sithole konke ngalokhu!

Uke wabona udokotela isikhathi esithile ngenxa yekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi esivamile, noma ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo ngokuzumayo? Ngaleso sikhathi, udokotela angase akucele ukuthi wenze i-'MRI scan of the head' ukuze athole ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle ekhanda lakho. Ungase uzizwe wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma uzwa leli gama. Kuvamile ukuba kuvele imibuzo eminingi engqondweni, njengokuthi "Kunjani? Ingabe kuzobuhlungu? Ingabe kufanele ngingene emshinini omkhulu?" Kodwa, asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalesi skeni se-MRI ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini le Brain MRI? Kalula nje...

I-Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) iyisivivinyo esikhethekile esingathatha izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane zangaphakathi kwekhanda lethu, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho. Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu phakathi nalokhu. Cabanga nje, kufana nokuthatha isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) sangaphakathi kwekhanda lakho ngekhamera enamandla amakhulu.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe lapha ukuthi ayisebenzisi noma yimiphi imisebe, njenge-X-ray noma i-CT scans. Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlolwa okuphephile kakhulu. Ngobuchwepheshe bamanje, i-MRI scan iyisivivinyo esibucayi nesicacile kakhulu sokuthola izinkinga ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

Kusho ukuthini ukwenza i-MRI ngezinye izikhathi ene-'contrast'?

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi "wenze i-MRI ene-contrast." Ungakhathazeki uma uzwa lokhu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani elincane lomuthi lizofakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho ngaphambi kokuskena. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-contrast material'. Ngokuvamile, umuthi oqukethe into ebizwa ngokuthi `(gadolinium)` usetshenziselwa lokhu.

Pho kungani lo muthi unikezwa? Kalula nje, uma lo muthi ungena emzimbeni, izicubu ezithile, imithambo yegazi, noma amathumba kubonakala ngokucacile ezithombeni eziskeniwe. Njengoba nje ukufaka umbala esithombeni esimnyama nesimhlophe kwenza izinto ezithile zivelele kangcono.

Ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa le ndlela yokuqhathanisa yilezi:

• Hlola ukuthi azikho yini izimila.
• Hlola ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala noma kuphi emzimbeni.
• Bheka indlela igazi elinikezwa ngayo kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• Hlola noma yiziphi izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi.

Lokhu kungafani kuyasiza nasekuxilongeni izimo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, isifo sohlangothi, i-dementia, kanye nokutheleleka.

I-cannula encane (umugqa we-IV) ifakwa engalweni yakho ukuze unikeze lo muthi. Lena imithi ephephile kakhulu. Nakuba abanye abantu bengase babe nemiphumela emibi emincane, ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba akuvamile kakhulu.

Yini ngempela engahlolwa nge-MRI yobuchopho?

I-MRI yobuchopho inganikeza isithombe esicacile sezinto eziningi ezingaphakathi kobuchopho. Lokho kufaka phakathi:

• Ubuchopho bakho
• Imithambo yegazi exhunywe ebuchosheni
• Ugebhezi lwakho namathambo obuso
• Izingxenye ezithambile zendlebe yangaphakathi
• Izingxenye ezifana namehlo nemizwa exhunywe emehlweni (izinzwa ze-optic)
• Eminye imizwa emikhulu ekhanda (imizwa yekhanda)
• Izicubu ezithambile ezifana namafutha nemisipha ezungeze ugebhezi

Ngaphezu kokuhlola ukuthi lezi zinto zijwayelekile yini, kungabona nokuthi kukhona yini ukungajwayelekile ebuchosheni noma ezicutshini ezizungezile. Ake sichaze lokhu kabanzi kuthebula elingezansi.

Yiziphi izizathu ezenza udokotela atuse i-MRI?

Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza udokotela wezinzwa noma omunye udokotela angase acele ukuthi kwenziwe i-MRI scan. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela izimpawu zakho. Siphinde sisetshenziswe ukubona ukuthi isimo esivele sitholakale sesilawulwa noma sibi kakhulu.

Nazi ezinye zezimo zezokwelapha ezingahlolwa noma ziqashwe nge-MRI:

• Ihlule legazi ebuchosheni
• I-aneurysm yobuchopho
• Ukopha ebuchosheni
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (isb., i-Encephalitis)
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa yisifo sokuwa
• Izimila zobuchopho kanye nama-cysts
• Izifo ze-neurological ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Isifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo
• I-Hydrocephalus (amanzi ebuchosheni)
• Izinkinga ze-pituitary gland
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Izinkinga ngokuthuthukiswa noma ukwakheka kobuchopho
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu (i-TBI)

Futhi, uma uqhubeka nokuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, udokotela wakho angase akucele i-MRI:

• I-Migraines noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli
• Ukuquleka
• Isiyezi esivamile (i-Vertigo)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona okungenakuchazwa ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo
• Ukungalingani kwama-hormone
• Izinguquko ezinkulu ekucabangeni nasekuziphatheni
• Ubuthakathaka obukhulu obungazelelwe kanye nokukhathala

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-MRI scan asetshenziselwa ukuhlela kusengaphambili ukuhlinzwa kwekhanda nokuqapha ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ngingalungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-MRI?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Manje ake sibheke amalungiselelo okudingeka uwalungiselele uma uya ku-MRI scan.

Ezimweni eziningi, ungadla, uphuze, futhi uphuze imithi yakho ngendlela evamile ngaphambi kokuskena. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho noma isibhedlela sakho sikunikeza eminye imiyalelo, kufanele nakanjani uyilandele.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele wazise abasebenzi ngezinto ezilandelayo ngaphambi kokuthi uye kuskeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho,

• Uma ukhulelwe ,
• Uma unenkinga yokuhlala unganyakazi izingalo zakho ziqonde phezulu imizuzu engama-30-60,
• Uma wesaba izindawo ezincane ezivalekile (i-claustrophobia),

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela kanye nochwepheshe ngalezi zinto ngaphambi kokuskena. Ungakhathazeki, kunezixazululo. Isibonelo, umuntu one-claustrophobia anganikwa umuthi omncane ukuze amsize aphumule.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuskena?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke kancane kancane ukuthi kwenzekani uma uya kuskena.

1. Okokuqala, uzocelwa ukuthi ugqoke ingubo ekhethekile oyinikezwe yisibhedlela.

2. Uzobe usulala embhedeni oxhunywe kuskena.

3. Njengoba ulele phansi, uchwepheshe uzobeka idivayisi ekhethekile (i-head coil) ezungeze ikhanda lakho, efana nesigqoko sokuzivikela. Ungakhathazeki, ngeke iqine ekhanda lakho. Amanye ala madivayisi anesibuko ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukukhanya okuvela emshinini. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni umuzwa wokubambeka.

4. Uchwepheshe uzobe esekufaka emshinini we-MRI, akuyise embhedeni okuwo. Isikhathi esiningi, lapho wenza i-MRI yekhanda, wonke umzimba wakho awungeni emshinini.

5. Uma ukuskena kuqala, uzozwa imisindo eminingi ehlukene yokuthepha nokuchofoza emshinini. Ungakhathazeki ngalo msindo, yindlela umshini osebenza ngayo. Bazokunikeza ama-earplug noma ama-headphone ukuvikela izindlebe zakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ungalalela ngisho nomculo ngalawo ma-headphone.

6. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uthule futhi unganyakazi ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi nokuskena. Njengoba nje ukuhamba ngenkathi uthatha isithombe kungafiphaza isithombe, ukuhamba nakho kungabangela izithombe ze-MRI ukuba zingafiphali.

7. Kuvamile ukuzwa ukufudumala okuncane ekhanda lakho ngesikhathi sokuskena. Kodwa-ke, uma ungakhululekile ngalokhu, sicela utshele abasebenzi.

8. Uhlala ungaphansi kokuqondisa kwesikhulu sezobuchwepheshe. Angakubona futhi akhulume nawe. Futhi, unenkinobho ethi "call" esandleni sakho ongayicindezela uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo. Uma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle, yicindezele.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani lokhu kuskena? Imiphumela izotholakala nini?

Ukuskena okuvamile kwe-MRI yobuchopho kuthatha imizuzu ephakathi kuka-30 no-60 . Kungathatha isikhathi eside uma kusetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa. Udokotela wakho uzochaza isikhathi esiqondile ozobe uhlelelwe ukuskena kwakho.

Ngemva kokuba ukuskena sekuqediwe, udokotela we-radiologist uhlaziya izithombe bese edala umbiko. Umbiko uthunyelwa kudokotela wakho okwelaphayo. Lo mbiko uvame ukufika zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili. Udokotela uzobe esekuchazela umbiko ngamagama alula.