Ingabe kukhona inkinga ngegazi lakho? Ake sifunde ngokuhlolwa kwe-Coombs!

Wake wezwa ngeCoombs Test? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ngakho, noma mhlawumbe uke wakwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, empeleni kuhlola okuthile okubalulekile egazini lakho. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini iCoombs Test, ukuthi ingakutshela ini, nokuthi yenziwa nini.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs?

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs kuwukuhlolwa okuhlola ama-antibodies emzimbeni wakho angahlasela amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ayini la ma-antibodies.

Cabanga ngemizimba yethu njengenqaba. Sinebutho ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu lokulwa nezitha (amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, njll., esiwabiza ngokuthi ama-antigen ) avela ngaphandle. La masosha akhethekile kulelo butho abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies. Ayaqaphela futhi alwe nezinto eziyingozi ezivela ngaphandle, ezisivikela ezifweni.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, la ma-antibodies asebuthweni lethu ayaphambuka kancane. Aqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu amahle, anempilo, ecabanga ukuthi angabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe. Yilapho-ke kuvela khona izinkinga. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs ngokuyisisekelo kufuna ama-antibodies ngokumelene namangqamuzana ethu egazi abomvu.

Isetshenziselwa ini i-Coombs Test?

Ukuze uqonde lokhu, okokuqala udinga ukwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwe-Coombs.

1. Ukuhlolwa Okuqondile Kwe-Coombs - Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi Ukuhlolwa Okuqondile Kwe-Antiglobulin (DAT).

2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs okungaqondile

Ake sibheke lezi ezimbili ngokwehlukana.

1. Ukuhlolwa Okuqondile kwe-Coombs

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuthatha amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi bese kubheka ngqo ebusweni bawo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi anawo yini ama-antibodies anamathele kuwo. Cabanga ngamaseli abomvu egazi njengamabhola amancane. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ama-antibodies ahlasela amangqamuzana angafanele awazungezile.

Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo ezihlobene negazi njenge -autoimmune hemolytic anemia . Abantu abanalokhu (i-autoimmune hemolytic anemia) bane-antibodies zabo ezibhubhisa amaseli abo abomvu egazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi balahlekelwe amaseli abomvu egazi abawadingayo ukuze bahlale bephilile.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs okungaqondile

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungatshela udokotela wakho ukuthi kukhona yini ama-antibodies antanta ngokukhululeka egazini lakho anganamathela kumaseli abomvu egazi.Lokho kusho ukuthi, la ma-antibodies awakanamatheli kumaseli abomvu egazi, kodwa asegazini, alungele ukunamatheli nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Lokhu kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimbili:

• Njengokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa igazi: Ngaphambi kokuba unikezwe igazi, lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi igazi elinikelwe liyahambisana yini nohlobo lwakho lwegazi, noma ukuthi ama-antibodies emzimbeni wakho azohlasela igazi elisha.
• Njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ake sixoxe ngakho ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Uma ukhulelwe, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs okungaqondile ukuze ahlole ama-antibodies egazini le-Rh-positive egazini lakho.

Manje iyini le Rh?

Kunezici eziningana ezinquma uhlobo lwegazi lethu. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zegazi u-A, u-B, u-AB, no-O, esinye isici esibalulekile yi-Rh factor. Abanye abantu banalo uphawu ebusweni bamaseli abo abomvu egazi. Siwabiza ngokuthi yi-Rh-positive. (Isibonelo: O positive, A positive). Abanye abantu abanalo lolu phawu kumaseli abo abomvu egazi. Siwabiza ngokuthi yi-Rh-negative. (Isibonelo: O negative, A negative).

Isibonelo, uma umama ene-Rh-negative (okungukuthi, i-O negative), kanti umntwana osesiswini une-Rh-positive, kungavela inkinga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzwela kwe-Rh. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha omzimba kamama aqaphela ngephutha i-Rh factor kumaseli egazi abomvu engane "njengesitha" bese eqala ukwenza ama-antibodies ukuze ayibhubhise.

Ngokuvamile, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi umzimba kamama wakhe la ma-antibodies futhi abe namandla anele okuthinta ingane. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ingane ayithinteki kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma umama ephinde ethwala umntwana one-Rh-positive, ama-antibodies asevele akhekile egazini likamama angahlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane. Lokhu kungabangela ingane ukuba ibe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-Rh . Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo enganeni, njenge-anemia kanye ne-jaundice. Lezi zinkinga zinganda ngengane ngayinye ene-Rh-positive umama anayo.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Uma usengozini yokuzwela kwe-Rh, ukwelashwa okufanele kungavimbela kakhulu le nkinga. Uma usuvele uzwela, kunezindlela zokwelapha zokuvikela ingane yakho. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs phakathi nekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs kwezinsana

Uma ingane yakho ine-jaundice lapho izalwa, udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola noma yimaphi ama-antibodies "angaphandle" anamathele kumaseli abomvu egazi losana olusanda kuzalwa. Lokhu kusho izinto ezifana nama-antibodies adluliselwe kusuka kumama kuya enganeni.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs kwenziwa kanjani?

Ukuze enze lokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela kuzodingeka athathe isampula yegazi elincane kuwe.

Ingabe udinga ukulungiselela lokhu?

Cha, akukho okudingeka ukwenze ukuze ulungiselele ngqo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kweCoombs.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzosebenzisa inalithi encane ukuthatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni ongalweni noma esandleni sakho. Uma inalithi ifakwa, uzozwa umuzwa "wokuncinza" noma "wokuhlaba" emchameni wakho . Lokhu kuzohlala imizuzwana embalwa. Ngemva kokuthathwa kwesampula yegazi, izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Udokotela uzofaka ibhandishi elincane endaweni lapho kubhotshozwe khona. Uzokwazi ukulisusa cishe ngemizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela?

Ezimweni eziningi, uzokwazi ukwazi imiphumela yokuhlolwa zingakapheli amahora angama-24.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kweCoombs isitshelani?

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs okuhle?

Uma i-Coombs Test ikhombisa ukuthi ikhona, noma ayijwayelekile, kusho ukuthi unama-antibodies emzimbeni wakho angahlasela amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Isibonelo:

• I-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia : Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, isimo lapho ama-antibodies omzimba ebhubhisa khona amaseli abomvu egazi.
• I-mononucleosis ethelelanayo : Lesi yisifo sezindlala ezivuvukele esibangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
• I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic engapheli : Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi.
• I-Syphilis : Lesi yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Mycoplasma : Lolu uhlobo lokutheleleka oluthinta uhlelo lokuphefumula.
• I-Lupus : Lesi futhi yisifo esihlasela amasosha omzimba, okusho ukuthi sihlasela izinhlelo zomzimba.
• Ukusabela okungekuhle ekumpontshelweni igazi.

Kuthiwani uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi unesifo ngaphambi kokunikeza igazi (ukumpontshelwa igazi)?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs, okwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba uthole igazi, kubonisa ukuthi unesifo, kusho ukuthi udokotela kudingeka aqaphele kakhulu lapho ekhetha umnikeli. Abantu abathole igazi izikhathi eziningi kungenzeka ukuthi bakhe izinhlobo eziningana zama-antibodies. Ngakho-ke, kungaba nzima ukuthola umuntu ofanelana nabo ngegazi.

Kuthiwani uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi ukhulelwe?

Uma uhlolwe i-Coombs ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, kusho ukuthi udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile ukuze uvikele ingane yakho ekuzwelweni yi-Rh. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngalokhu.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi i-Coombs positive inganeni?

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs okuhle enganeni kubonisa ukuthi ingane ine-anemia noma i-jaundice. Uma ukuhlolwa kwengane kukuhle, udokotela uzoqhubeka nokuhlola ingane futhi ancome ukwelashwa okufanele.

Usho ukuthini umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-Coombs one-negative?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs kungenayo imiphumela emihle, noma kujwayelekile, lezo yizindaba ezinhle! Kusho ukuthi awekho ama-antibodies atholakale enamathele kumaseli abomvu egazi. Kuye ngesimo sakho, kungasho izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Igazi lingatholakala ngokuphephile ngokumpontshelwa igazi kumuntu onikelayo.
• Uma ukhulelwe, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuzwela kwe-Rh kuthinta ingane.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia, njenge -jaundice, ukuzizwa unesizungu, isiyezi, noma unenkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo , bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Angakuhlola, enze izivivinyo ezengeziwe uma kudingeka, futhi anqume ukwelashwa okufanele.

Khumbula, izimpawu eziningi ezivamile zingafana nezezinye izifo. Uma uzizwa into engavamile noma ehlukile, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs kuwukuhlolwa okubalulekile okubheka ama-antibodies angahlasela futhi abhubhise amaseli akho abomvu egazi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuthathwa isampula yegazi kuwe. Nakuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Coombs ingasiza ekuqondiseni ithimba lakho lezokwelapha endleleni efanele, ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele. Ngakho-ke, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe- Coombs, amaseli abomvu egazi, ama-antibodies, i-Rh factor, ukukhulelwa, i-anemia, i-jaundice