Ayini la maseli e-Helper T? Kalula nje...
Ngakho-ke, amaseli e-Helper T ayizinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela. Cabanga nje ukuthi njengebutho elivikela izwe lethu, sinesimiso esikhulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu sokusivikela ezifweni, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela . Lawa maseli e-T angamasosha akhethekile kulolo hlelo. Okwamanje, amaseli e-Helper T ayiqembu elidlala indima ekhethekile kakhulu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walawa maseli ukuqaphela ukutheleleka, okungukuthi, igciwane elibangela isifo, lapho lingena emzimbeni wethu, bese lihlangana namanye amaseli okuzivikela komzimba futhi liwakhuthaze ukuba alwe nalolo gciwane (ukuwavuselela) . Njengomlawuli lapho impi iqala. Lawa maseli e-Helper T ayakhiwa, okungukuthi, akhula, endlaleni encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-thymus engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba sethu. Lokhu kufana nesikole esinikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kulawa maseli. Kuku-thymus lapho lawa maseli evuthwa khona futhi afunde ukwenza imisebenzi yawo kahle. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaseli e-T. Ngaphandle kwamaseli e-helper T, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko:- Amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic : Lawa yiwo alwa ngqo futhi abhubhise amaseli athelelekile, njengamasosha ahlaselayo ebuthweni.
- Amaseli e-T alawulayo : Umsebenzi wawo ukulawula ukusebenza kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba uma kudingeka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuwuvimba ukuthi ungasebenzi ngokweqile.
- Amaseli e-NKT: Lawa asiza ekuthuthukiseni amasosha omzimba ngokujwayelekile.
Kungani la maseli e-Helper T ebaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu? (Indima Yokuzivikela Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo)
Manje, bheka, kunezingxenye ezimbili ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela. Esinye yi- Innate Immunity , okuyisistimu yokuzivikela esiyinikezwa kusukela ekuzalweni futhi esebenza ngokujwayelekile ngokumelene nanoma yiliphi igciwane. Esinye yi- Adaptive Immunity . Lokhu kukhetheke kakhulu. Ngoba yilesi esiqaphela amagciwane athile angena emizimbeni yethu futhi afunde ukulwa nawo ngokuqondile. Kufana nokuthi uma ubhekene nesitha esifanayo okwesibili, usuke ulungele kangcono kunakuqala. Nakhu-ke.Amaqhawe okuzivikela komzimba okuguquguqukayo yilawa maseli e-T asizayo . Eqinisweni, ahilelekile ezimpendulweni eziningi zokuzivikela komzimba eziguquguqukayo. Asebenzisa kakhulu izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli: 1. Amaseli e-B: Lawa maseli e-B yiwo akhiqiza amakhemikhali akhethekile emizimbeni yethu abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Lawa maseli e-antibody afana nezikhali ezikhethekile. Akhiqiza ama-antibodies aqondene ne-pathogen ngayinye futhi asiza ekubhubhiseni leyo pathogen. 2. Amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lawa yiwo alwa ngqo nokutheleleka futhi abhubhise amaseli athelelekile. Kalula nje, amaseli e-T asizayo afana nabaholi abatshela amanye amaseli ukuthi, "He, kunenkinga! Wonke umuntu makasebenze!"Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zamaseli e-T awusizo?
Yebo, uma la maseli e-T asizayo ethola ukutheleleka, aqala ukusebenza ngokuhlukana abe izinhlobo ezimbili ezengeziwe. Lezi yizi:- Amaseli asizayo e-TH1: Lawa maseli athumela umlayezo wamakhemikhali okhethekile (ake siwubize ngokuthi umyalo) wokuvula uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi i-macrophage . Ama-macrophage afana nabaqoqi bemfucuza emizimbeni yethu. "Agwinya" izinto zangaphandle namagciwane avela ngaphandle futhi ahlanze umzimba. Amaseli e-TH1 nawo avula amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili.
- Amaseli asizayo e-TH2: Lawa maseli avuselela amaseli e-B ngokukhipha imiyalezo ehlukene yamakhemikhali. Amaseli e-B abe eseqala ukwenza ama-antibodies . Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lawa maseli e-TH2 abangela nezinto ezifana nokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, kanye nesifo sohudo , ngezinye izikhathi okusiza imizimba yethu ukuthi ikhiphe izinto zangaphandle. Ama-antibodies ahlobene nokungezwani komzimba nawo akhiqizwa ngosizo lwala maseli e-TH2.
Cabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lomzimba luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, kodwa luhlakaniphe kangakanani! Konke lokhu kwenzeka ukuze kusivikele ezifweni .
La maseli e-T asizayo asebenza kanjani? (Ukusebenza)
Lena futhi indaba ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Amaseli e-Helper T anengxenye ekhethekile ebusweni bawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-CD4 receptor . Lokhu kufana nesihluthulelo somnyango. Siphinde sibe nenye i-molecule ekhethekile emzimbeni wethu ebizwa ngokuthi ama-molecule e-MHC class II (ama-molecule e-Major Histocompatibility Complex II).Lawa ma-molecule e-MHC class II angawokuqala "ukuzwa" ukuthi ukutheleleka noma into yangaphandle ingene emzimbeni wethu. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-CD4 receptor kanye ne-MHC class II molecule ziyasebenzisana. Kufana nokufaka ukhiye bese uvula umnyango. Yilapho ama-helper T cell eqala ukusebenza . Uma esesebenze, lawa ma-helper T cell akhipha izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine . Lawa ma-cytokine yiwo athumela umyalezo kwamanye amaseli omzimba, "Kudingeka siqale ukulwa manje!"Amaseli e-Helper T namaseli e-Cytotoxic T asebenza kanjani ndawonye?
Laba ababili bafana namaqembu amabili asebenza ndawonye. Ama-cytokine akhishwa amaseli e-T asiza asize ekuvuseleleni amaseli e-T anobuthi . Kufana nokuthi athi, "Kulungile, manje sekuyithuba lakho, hamba uyokwenza umsebenzi wakho!" Amaseli e-T anobuthi abe esekhipha amakhemikhali awo akhethekile ukuze alwe nokutheleleka. Angabona futhi amaseli athelelekile, awabulale ngokuqondile, futhi avimbele ukutheleleka ukuthi kusabalale. Bheka ukuthi ukusebenzisana kuhle kangakanani!Kukuphi emzimbeni wethu lapho la maseli e-T asizayo etholakala khona kakhulu?
Amaseli e-T aqala ukukhula engxenyeni yamathambo ethu ethambile ebizwa ngokuthi umnkantsha wamathambo . Bese kuthi, lapho esesemancane, okungukuthi, lapho ekhula, aye endlaleni ebizwa ngokuthi i-thymus . Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-thymus ifana "nesikole" sala maseli e-T. Yilapho la maseli evuthwa khona futhi eqeqeshwe kahle. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-thymus ifundisa la maseli e-T ukuthi aqaphele kahle ukuthi yimaphi amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu angawethu nokuthi yimaphi amagciwane avela ngaphandle . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho angahlasela amangqamuzana ethu. Uma ukuqeqeshwa sekuqediwe, la maseli ajikeleza emzimbeni wethu esuka ku-thymus. Kunenani elikhulu lamaseli e-T kulo lonke uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic . Ikakhulukazi, amaseli e-T awusizo angatholakala ekugxilweni okuphezulu ku:- Umkantsha
- Amathumbu
- Amaphaphu
- Ama-lymph node - Uma unomkhuhlane, lawa ayavuvukala futhi azwakale njengamaqhubu entanyeni nasemakhwapheni.
- Ubende
- Amathonsili - Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngamathonsili emphinjeni wakho.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta amaseli e-Helper T?
Ngeshwa, kunezifo ezithinta ukusebenza kwala maseli e-T awusizo abaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye zazo yilezi:- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo:Lesi yisimo lapho amasosha ethu omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Izinguquko emsebenzini wamaseli e-T angaba yimbangela.
- I-acute lymphocytic leukemia: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala egazini nasemongweni wamathambo.
- I-Adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.
- I-HIV: Leli yigciwane elihlasela amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana e-CD4 helper T. Lokhu kungenza buthaka amasosha omzimba futhi kuholele esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-AIDS .
- I-Job syndrome: Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu sokuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukutheleleka okuvamile.
- I-Thymic aplasia: Lesi yisimo esenzeka lapho i-thymus ingakhuli kahle. Ukuntuleka kwe-thymus efanele kuholela ekukhuleni kwe-T-cell okuphazamisekile.
Izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine amasosha ethu omzimba ephilile
Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine wonke amasosha omzimba wethu, okuhlanganisa namaseli ethu e-T asizayo, eqinile futhi enempilo. Ukulandela lokhu kuzosiza kakhulu ekusivikeleni ezifweni.- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Gwema utshwala ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ulusebenzise ngobuningi obuncane kakhulu.
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Yidla ukudla okuqukethe izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amaprotheni angenamafutha amaningi kanye namafutha anempilo.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza izinto ezifana nemisebenzi ye-aerobic eyakha amandla, yandise ukuguquguquka, futhi iphefumule kakhulu nsuku zonke.
- Lala kahle: Lala okungenani amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ubusuku ngabunye.
- Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, yeka. Uma usuqalile, ungalokothi uqale.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ukuze uzivikele emagciwaneni.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi amangqamuzana e-Helper T abaluleke kangakanani ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela. Afana nabaholi abahlakaniphile bamasosha omzimba wethu. Uma kufika ukutheleleka, yilawa maseli e-Helper T akutholayo futhi, kanye namanye amaseli okulwa (amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic namaseli e-B), ahola ekulweni nalolo gciwane.Akumangalisi yini ukuthi imizimba yethu inesimiso esimangalisayo kangaka sokusivikela, yize singazi? Ngakho-ke, kufanele futhi sibe nesithakazelo ekugcineni lesi simiso somzimba esibalulekile sisesimweni esihle. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokho ukuphila ngendlela enempilo. Khona-ke amaseli ethu e-T asizayo nawo angenza umsebenzi wawo ngendlela efanele!Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela. Hlala uphilile!
Ukungavikeleki komzimba, amaseli e-T, amaseli e-T awusizo, impilo, izifo, izifo, ukuzivikela komzimba
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho