Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza. Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi kunezindlela zokuthola isifo esingathi sína njengomdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba sikhule emizimbeni yethu, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza . Kalula nje, kufana nokubamba isela ngaphambi kokuba lingene endlini yakho. Uma ulithola kusenesikhathi, kulula ukulelapha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungalilapha ngokuphelele umdlavuza noma ulivimbele ukuthi lingakhuli.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa komdlavuza kwenziwa nini? Kuhloswe ngobani?

Lokhu kuvame ukuncika eminyakeni yakho nokuthi ngabe unezici ezithile eziyingozi zokuba nomdlavuza. Abantu abaningi baqala ukucabanga ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Kodwa-ke, uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza noma ezinye izici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlolwe kusenesikhathi.

Emazweni afana neMelika, kunezikomidi zochwepheshe ezifana ne-"US Preventive Services Task Force" ezilungiselela iziqondiso zalezi zivivinyo zomdlavuza. Zifunda ngokucophelela ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zisebenza kahle futhi ziphephile kangakanani, nokuthi ziyasindisa yini izimpilo zabantu. Zincoma kuphela ukuhlolwa uma kufakazelwe ukuthi izinzuzo zokuhlolwa zidlula ngokusobala noma yimuphi umonakalo ongaba khona .

Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwalezi zivivinyo?

Cabanga nje, inzuzo enkulu yalezi zivivinyo ukuthi uma kukhona umdlavuza, ungatholakala esiteji sokuqala kakhulu . Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza ukhule futhi usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ikhono lokwelapha umdlavuza, futhi kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zivivinyo zingabona ngisho nezinguquko ezingaphambi komdlavuza ezingase zibe umdlavuza. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuba nethuba lokuvimbela umdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba ukhule.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, kunezingozi ezithile. Isibonelo, umphumela wokuhlolwa ungaba ongalungile (`imiphumela yokuhlolwa enganembile`). Okusho ukuthi, kunethuba elincane lokuthi umuntu ongenaso lesi sifo angase abonakale enesifo (`i-false positive`), nokuthi umuntu onaso lesi sifo angase abonakale engenaso lesi sifo (`i-false negative`). Futhi, kukhona ithuba lokuthi kukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi ``ukuxilongwa ngokweqile``. Okusho ukuthi, ungase utholakale unomdlavuza okhula kancane kakhulu ongeke ube nawo esikhathini esizayo, futhi ungase welashwe ngokungadingekile. Kodwa lezi zinto azivamile. Odokotela bacabangela zonke lezi zici lapho benquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezikulungele.

Khumbula: Umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlolwa komdlavuza ukubamba umdlavuza kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kungasiza kakhulu ekusindiseni izimpilo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zomdlavuza ezivame ukunconywa?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa komdlavuza ezinconywa kubantu abasengozini ejwayelekile, okusho ukuthi abanawo umlando womndeni othize:

• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele
• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu (umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu)

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi izinzuzo zokuhlolwa kwalezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezingaba khona. Zisindisa ngempela izimpilo.

1. Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza Webele

Abesifazane abasengcupheni evamile kufanele baqale ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Iziqondiso zamanje zincoma ukuthi abesifazane bathole i-mammogram njalo eminyakeni emibili . I-mammogram iyi-X-ray yamabele. Ingathola izigaxa ezincane noma ezinye izinguquko ebeleni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Lokhu kusize ekunciphiseni ukufa komdlavuza webele.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele (isibonelo, uma othile emndenini wakho ebe nawo esemncane), udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlolwe kaningi noma ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-MRI yebele, ngaphezu kwe-mammogram.

2. Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza Wesibeletho

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho ngokuvamile kufanele kuqale lapho umuntu eneminyaka engu-21. Lokhu kuhlolwa akugcini nje ngokubona umdlavuza wesibeletho kusenesikhathi, kodwa futhi kuthola nezinguquko zamaseli ezingaholela kumdlavuza, obizwa ngokuthi i-cervical dysplasia . Kungathola futhi ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV), imbangela enkulu yomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa zisetshenziswa kakhulu umdlavuza wesibeletho:

• I-Pap smear: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola isampula yamaseli avela emlonyeni wesibeletho ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amaseli omdlavuza noma amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV: Lokhu kuhlola izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-human papillomavirus (HPV) ezingabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Iziqondiso ezinconywayo zamanje zimi kanje:

• Iminyaka engu-21-29: I-Pap smear eyodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
• Iminyaka engu-30-65: Ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear kanye ne-HPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear njalo eminyakeni emithathu, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.

3. Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza Wamathumbu Amakhulu

Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abasengcupheni evamile baqale ukuhlolwa umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engu-45. Lo mdlavuza nawo uyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa. Kodwa uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungelapheka. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungathola futhi kususe amaqhubu amancane (ama-polyp) angase abe umdlavuza, futhi kungasetshenziswa futhi ukususa amaqhubu angewona umdlavuza. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kuhlolwa kungavimbela ngisho nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu ukuba ukhule!

Ngokuvamile lokhuKunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe i-"Colonoscopy" njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. I-"Colonoscopy" ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamathumbu amakhulu kusetshenziswa ipayipi elinekhamera enamathiselwe.

Kunezinye izindlela:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elingabonakali lendle (isib. i-FIT, i-gFOBT noma ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yendle) - Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa njalo eminyakeni eyodwa kuya kwemithathu, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa.
• I-colonoscopy ebonakalayo - njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo - njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-FIT kwaminyaka yonke.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo zomdlavuza ezixoxwa ngazo?

Kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa komdlavuza ongakhuluma ngazo nodokotela wakho. Ezinye izivivinyo zingaba usizo kwabanye abantu, kodwa zingase zingalungeli wonke umuntu. Noma, kungase kungabi nobufakazi obanele okwamanje bokukhombisa ukuthi izinzuzo zalezo zivivinyo zidlula izingozi.

• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu: Lena inqubo yokuthwebula izithombe, efana nokuskena. Udokotela wakho angancoma lokhu uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-80 ubudala futhi unomlando wokubhema (owake wabhema noma osanda kuyeka).
• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo: Udokotela wamazinyo uzohlola umlomo wakho ukuze abone izimpawu zomdlavuza. Nakuba kungekho ziqondiso ezithile zalokhu, udokotela wamazinyo wakho angakwenza lokhu uma uya kohlolwa amazinyo.
• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-prostate: Amadoda anikezwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PSA ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zomdlavuza we-prostate. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngalokhu uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-55 no-69.
• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba: Udokotela wesikhumba uhlola isikhumba sakho ukuze abheke izimpawu zomdlavuza. Nakuba kungekho bufakazi obuqinile bokuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kunciphisa ukufa komdlavuza wesikhumba, abantu abaningi bahlolwa isikhumba sonke njalo ngonyaka.

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa komdlavuza?

Ngaphambi kokuba uye kohlolwa, udokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo uzokutshela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukuthi kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani, nokuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingakutshela ini ngempilo yakho.

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kungafaka izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzohlola umzimba wakho ukuze abone noma yiziphi izinguquko, njengezigaxa ezingavamile. Bazokubuza imibuzo mayelana nemikhuba yakho yezempilo kanye nomlando wempilo yomndeni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba. Ama-mammogram kanye ne-colonoscopy ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okusetshenziselwa ukuhlola umdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwezicubu zomdlavuza. I-Pap smear ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okuthatha isampula yezicubu bese kubheka izimpawu zomdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola i-DNA yakho ukuze kubonakale ukuthi une-genetic mutation eyandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile.

Ake sifunde futhi ngezivivinyo ezintsha: Ukuhlolwa Kokuthola Umdlavuza Ohlukahlukene (i-MCD)

Kuvela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusha okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kweGalleri. Kuthiwa kuyakwazi ukubona izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingaphezu kuka-50 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, akukavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile yizikhungo ezifana ne-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Uma unesifiso salolu hlobo lokuhlolwa, ungakhuluma nodokotela ukuze ufunde kabanzi.

Usho ukuthini umphumela wokuhlolwa komdlavuza?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kubheka izinguquko emzimbeni wakho ezingaba yizimpawu zomdlavuza. Umphumela wokuhlolwa awusona 'ukuxilongwa' komdlavuza, futhi awuqinisekisi ukuthi awunawo umdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kunganikeza imiphumela engavamile. Uma lokho kwenzeka, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Njengokuhlolwa kokuqala, ukuba nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza.

Ngizoyazi nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Ezinye izivivinyo zingathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthola imiphumela. Ezinye zingathatha isonto lonke ukuthi udokotela athole imiphumela futhi akutshele. Ungabuza indawo lapho uthole khona ukuhlolwa noma udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esithathayo ukuthola imiphumela.

Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwami ​​​​kubonisa izimpawu zomdlavuza?

Into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa akusikho ukuxilongwa. Uma imiphumela yakho ibonisa izimpawu zomdlavuza, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze athole okwengeziwe ngalokho okwenzekayo ngempela. Futhi, ukuthi ukuhlolwa akubonisi izimpawu zomdlavuza akusho ukuthi uphilile ngokuphelele. Umdlavuza uqala kancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungakhula kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele wenze nini ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ungaqiniseki ngokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele uzenze, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza noma uke wahlinzwa ngaphambilini (njengokuhlinzwa kwesibeletho) okungathinta uhlelo lwakho lokuvimbela umdlavuza.

Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza:

• "Yiziphi izivivinyo zomdlavuza udokotela angincoma zona?"
• "Kungani udokotela encoma lezo zivivinyo?"
• "Ingabe udinga ukwenza lezi zivivinyo ngokushesha?"
• "Ingabe udokotela angazihlolela yena ngokwakhe lezi zivivinyo, noma kufanele ngibone uchwepheshe?"
• "Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okungenziwa ekhaya?"
• "Kufanele ngizihlole kangaki lezi zivivinyo?"

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kungabona izimpawu zokuxwayisa zangaphambi kwesikhathi zomdlavuza. Nakuba ukutholwa nokwelashwa komdlavuza kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okwelashwa, yonke inqubo ingaba yinto eyesabekayo futhi ebangela ukukhathazeka. Ngakho-ke, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza okungaba usizo kuwe. Bazokujabulela ukuchaza ukuthi ukuhlolwa ngakunye kubheka ini, ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kanjani, nokuthi imiphumela izokwaziswa kanjani kuwe.

Ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi yini ongayilindela kungaletha ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu njengoba ubhekene nesipiliyoni sakho sokuqala sokuhlolwa komdlavuza.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho nansi isifinyezo esizokusiza ukhumbule amanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza ukuhlolwa okuthola umdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekubambeni umdlavuza kusenesikhathi.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okwelashwa okuphumelelayo, futhi kungavimbela ngisho nokukhula komdlavuza.
• Ubudala bakho kanye nezici eziyingozi zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele uzenze futhi nini.
• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele, wesibeletho kanye nowe-colon yikho okunconywa kakhulu.
• Umphumela wokuhlolwa awusona isifo sokugcina. Uma kutholakala umphumela ongavamile, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezifanele wena nokuthi kufanele uziqede kanjani. Ungesabi noma ube namahloni.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Ukuqwashisa okunjalo kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni enempilo!

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza , ukuhlolwa komdlavuza, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi, impilo enempilo, umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, ukuvimbela