Ungase umangale kancane uma uzwa igama elithi 'Udokotela Ohlinzayo We-Colorectal', ucabanga ukuthi, "Ungubani lo? Benzani?" Ungakhathazeki, akulona inkimbinkimbi kangako. Kalula nje, lo udokotela ohlinzayo ogxile ekwelapheni izifo nokwenza ukuhlinzwa emathunjini akho amakhulu, e-rectum , kanye nase-anus . Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, njengokungathi ukhuluma nomngane, kulungile?
Ungubani lo dokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal? Ingabe wayebizwa ngokuthi udokotela ohlinzayo we-proctologist ngaphambilini?
Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi 'proctologist'. Eqinisweni, esikhathini esidlule, odokotela ababelapha lezi zinhlobo zezifo babebizwa ngokuthi ama-proctologists. Igama elithi 'udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal' yigama elibuyekeziwe nelesimanje laleyo nsimu yezokwelapha.
Kunomehluko omncane ngencazelo phakathi kwala magama amabili. Uma sithi 'i-proctologist', ikakhulukazi ibhekisela ku-rectum kanye ne-anus. Kodwa uma sithi 'i-colorectal', ihlanganisa kokubili i-colon kanye ne-rectum. Uyazi, lawa amabili yizingxenye ezinkulu kakhulu zamathumbu amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abizwa ngani kula magama amabili, lawa machwepheshe aphatha zonke lezi zingxenye . Ngakho-ke akukho lutho okufanele lucatshangelwe kakhulu ngakho.
Kungani sidinga ukubona udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal?
Ake sithi unezinkinga noma uphawu oluthile esiswini sakho esingezansi, okungukuthi, indlela yakho engezansi yokugaya ukudla (GI). Ngemuva kwalokho ungaya kuqala kudokotela ojwayelekile noma kudokotela wezifo zamathumbu.
Uma, ngemva kokukuhlola, udokotela ecabanga ukuthi isimo sakho sidinga ukuhlinzwa , uzokudlulisela kudokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal.
Ezinye izimo ze-colorectal ezingadinga ukuhlinzwa zifaka:
- Umdlavuza kanye ne -polyposis : Lokhu kubhekisela ezimweni zomdlavuza emathunjini amancane noma ezimilayo ezincane (ama-polyps) ezingaba umdlavuza.
- Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD): Lesi ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside kolwelwesi lwamathumbu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izimo ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn kanye nesifo sofuba esiswini .
- I-Ischemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yamathumbu ihlushwaUkuncipha noma ukulahleka kwegazi . Uma lokho kwenzeka, leyo ngxenye ingaze ife.
- Amaphutha esakhiwo: Isibonelo, i-fistula - ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwamathumbu nesinye isitho, i-hernia - ukuphuma kwengxenye yamathumbu endaweni ebuthakathaka, kanye nokuwa - ukuphuma noma ukuphuma kwengxenye yomzimba, njenge-rectum.
Ingabe odokotela abahlinzayo be-colorectal belapha i-colon kuphela?
Cha, lokho akulona iqiniso. Nakuba odokotela abahlinzayo be-colorectal begxile kakhulu emathunjini amakhulu , baqeqeshwe futhi njengodokotela abahlinzayo abajwayelekile .
Ngaphandle kwalokho, inkinga kwesinye isitho somzimba wethu ingathinta ezinye izitho, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, laba ochwepheshe kufanele belaphe ezinye izitho ezihlobene ngqo nekholoni noma ezithintekile yisifo esifanayo. Izitho ezinjalo yilezi:
- Amathumbu Amancane
- Imisipha yaphansi ye-pelvic (lena isiza ukulawula amathumbu kanye nokulawula esinyeni)
- Uhlelo lomchamo
- Uhlelo Lokuzala Lwabesifazane
Yiziphi izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze ube udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal?
Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal ngumuntu onokuqeqeshwa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe . Isibonelo, ezweni elinjenge-United States, ukuze abe udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal, umuntu kumele aqeqeshwe njengodokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. Ngemva kwalokho, umuntu kumele athole omunye unyaka noma ngaphezulu wokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala ezimweni ze-colorectal.
Ngemva kwalokhu kuqeqeshwa, baphumelela izivivinyo ezibhaliwe nezomlomo futhi baba ochwepheshe abaqinisekiswe yibhodi abavela emabhodini ezokwelapha afanele (isib., i-American Board of Colorectal Surgery). Ngakho-ke njengoba ubona, lolu akulona uhambo olulula, yingakho singathemba ulwazi lwabo kanye nekhono labo.
Yini udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal ayifundayo ngaphezu kodokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile?
Laba ochwepheshe bafunda ngokujulile nge- physiology yamathumbu kanye ne-anorectal , okungukuthi, indlela lezi zitho ezisebenza ngayo nokuthi zixhumana kanjani.
Ngenxa yalolu lwazi olujulile, izinkinga ezivela emathunjini nasema-rectumBanekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuhlaziya izinkinga zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi banikeze ukwelashwa okubucayi okudingekayo. Eqinisweni, bangochwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
Yini ngempela eyenziwa udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal?
Odokotela abahlinzayo be-colorectal basebenzisa zonke izindlela zokuhlinzwa ze-endoscopic kanye nezokuhlinzwa ukwelapha uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banazo zonke izindlela abazidingayo zokwelapha izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Bangakwelapha ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa (isb., nge-endoscopy), ngokuhlinzwa okuncane kakhulu , noma, uma kudingeka, ngokuhlinzwa okuvulekile .
Amanye amasu asetshenziswa odokotela abahlinzayo be-colorectal ahlanganisa:
- I-Colonoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) elinekhamera kanye nokukhanya okudlula endunu ukuhlola wonke amathumbu amakhulu . Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukususa ama-polyp amancane nokuthatha amasampula ezicubu (ama-biopsy).
- I-Enteroscopy: Lena futhi indlela yokuhlola amathumbu amancane kusetshenziswa i-endoscope.
- I-Sigmoidoscopy: Lokhu kuhlola ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu (i-sigmoid colon), i-rectum, kanye ne-anus.
- I-Laparoscopy: Kwenziwa ukusika okuncane kakhulu esiswini, lapho kufakwa khona ikhamera ekhethekile (i-laparoscope) ukuhlola izitho zangaphakathi zesisu.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laparoscopic: Okwaziwa nangokuthi "ukuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole," lokhu kuyinqubo ehilela ukwenza izimbobo eziningana ezincane esiswini nokusebenzisa i-laparoscope namathuluzi akhethekile. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwe ngaphandle kokwenza isimbozo esikhulu, okunciphisa isikhathi sokululama.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi: Lolu futhi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic. Kodwa-ke, lapha udokotela ohlinzayo ulawula ingalo yerobhothi nge-console yekhompyutha. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlinzwa okubucayi kakhulu nokuyinkimbinkimbi .
Ezinye zezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezenziwa odokotela abahlinzayo be-colorectal zifaka:
- I-Polypectomy: Ukususwa kwama-polyp (ukukhula okuncane) ku-colon nge-endoscopy.
- Ukususwa kwe-mucosal endoscopic (EMR) / ukususwa kwe-submucosal endoscopic (ESD): Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokususa izimila ezingaphakathi kwamathumbu okunzima ukuzisusa nge-endoscopic.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: Ukuhlinzwa lapho kufakwa khona ithuluzi elikhethekile (i-proctoscope) nge-anus ukuze kususwe izimila ezinkulu noma izithiyo e-rectum.
- Ukuhlinzwa kokususwa kwamathumbu: Ukususwa kwengxenye noma wonke amathumbu amakhulu, kuye ngesimo.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Ostomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukushintsha indlela indle ephuma ngayo emzimbeni nokudala i-stoma ngokuxhuma umkhawulo owodwa wamathumbu ebusweni besikhumba sesisu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-colostomy noma i-ileostomy.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Anastomosis: Ukuxhumanisa kabusha izingxenye ezimbili zamathumbu ngokususa i-ostomy eyenziwe ngaphambilini.
- Ukususwa kwe-appendectomy: Ukususwa kwe-appendix uma ivuvukele (i-appendicitis).
- I-Anoplasty: Ukulungisa noma ukushintsha isimo sendunu.
- I-Rectopexy: Ukubuyisela ukubola kwe-rectal ngokuhlinzwa.
- I-Sacrocolpopexy: Ukulungiswa kokuwa kwezitho ze-pelvic.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-Hernia: Ukulungiswa kwe-hernia emathunjini (isb. i-hernia ye-inguinal, i-hernia yokusika) kusetshenziswa amasu e-laparoscopic noma amarobhothi.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cecostomy / antegrade colonic enema (ACE): Kufakwa ipayipi ku-colon ukuze kulethwe isisombululo se-enema njengokwelashwa kwezimo ezithile, njengokuqunjelwa.
Benza nezinto ezinjengalezi ukuhlola ukusebenza komgudu wakho we-colorectal kanye ne-rectal:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal: Ukuhlolwa lapho udokotela efaka khona umunwe ogqokwe igilavu e-rectum.
- I-Anoscopy / I-Proctoscopy: Ukufakwa kwethuluzi elincane ukuze kubonwe i-anus kanye ne-rectum engezansi.
- I-Defecography: Ukuhlolwa kokunyakaza kwamathumbu kusetshenziswa i-X-ray noma i-MRI.
- I-ultrasound ye-Endorectal: Ukuskena kwe-rectum nezicubu ezizungezile ngokufaka i-ultrasound probe nge-rectum.
- I-anorectal manometry: Ukulinganisa ingcindezi kanye nomsebenzi wemisipha e-rectum kanye ne-anus.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimo eziphathwa odokotela abahlinzayo be-colorectal?
Kunezimo eziningi ezidinga ukuvakashela udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal. Ake sibheke ezinye zazo ngamaqembu:
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal, izibonelo:
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu
- Umdlavuza we-rectal
- Umdlavuza wendunu
- Umdlavuza wesithasiselo
- I-Peritoneal carcinomatosis - ukusabalala komdlavuza odongeni lwesisu
- Izimila zesisu (GIST)
- Izimila ze-neuroendocrine
- Ezinye izimo zomdlavuza ezizuzwa njengefa, njenge-inherited nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) noma i-Lynch syndrome.
Ama-polyps e-Colorectal kanye nama-polyposis syndrome azuzwe njengefa, izibonelo:
- I-Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP) - Lokhu kungabangela amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-polyps kukholoni.
- I-Lynch syndrome - (ephinde ikhulunywe ngayo ngaphansi komdlavuza)
- I-polyposis ehlobene ne-MUTYH (MAP)
- I-Serrated polyposis syndrome
- Izimila ze-Desmoid
- I-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- I-Juvenile polyposis syndrome
- I-PTEN hamartoma syndrome
I-colitis eyinkimbinkimbi (ukuvuvukala kwekholoni), izibonelo:
- I-Diverticulitis - Ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kwezikhwama ezincane (i-diverticula) odongeni lwamathumbu.
- I-ulcerative colitis
- Isifo sikaCrohn
- I-Microscopic colitis
- I-Pseudomembranous colitis - Isimo esivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic athile.
- I-Appendicitis - Ukuvuvukala kwe-appendix.
- I-necrotizing enterocolitis - Isimo esibi esithinta izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
- I-Ischemic colitis - Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi emathunjini.
Izinkinga zamathumbu ezisebenzayo, izibonelo:
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwephansi le-pelvic - isimo esibangela ubunzima bokukhipha indle.
- Ukungakwazi ukulawula indle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba)
- Ukuthulula okuvalekile
- I-Anismus - Ukungakwazi ukukhulula imisipha ye-rectum kahle ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwendle.
Izibonelo zeziphambeko zesakhiwo:
- Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu amakhulu
- I-Anal fistula - Ukwakheka kwendlela engavamile phakathi kwesikhumba namathumbu eduze kwe-anus.
- I-fistula ye-rectovaginal - ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwe-rectum nesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
- I-hernia ye-perineal
- Ithumba le-perianal
- Ukwehla kwe-rectal
- Ukuwa kwesitho se-pelvic
Ezinye izimo ezingengozi zekholoni, izibonelo zifaka:
- Ukopha kwamathumbu / ukopha kwamathumbu
- Imifantu yendunu
- Ama-warts endunu
- Ama-Hemorrhoids
- Izilonda zangemuva
- Ukuqunjelwa kanye nokuthinteka yindle
Isikhumbuzo esincane mayelana nekholoni yakho kanye nesistimu yokugaya ukudla engezansi
Amathumbu akho amakhulu ayingxenye enkulu yomgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla ongezansi . Ukudla esikudlayo kuhamba ngomgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla, futhi kungalokhu lapho imfucuza isuswa khona emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besisu esingezansi noma izinguquko emikhubeni yakho yamathumbu (isib. ukopha, uhudo, ukuqunjelwa), kungenzeka ukuthi kuyinkinga ngomgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla ongezansi.
Yilapho iseluleko nokwelashwa kukadokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal kuba yinto ebalulekile. Akuzona zonke izimo ezidinga ukuhlinzwa . Kodwa-ke, uma kudingeka ukuhlinzwa, ukubona uchwepheshe onjengalona kungakusiza ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu. Udokotela wakho ojwayelekile noma udokotela we-gastroenterologist uzokudlulisela kudokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal uma enomuzwa wokuthi lochwepheshe angasiphatha kangcono isimo sakho.
Ekugcineni, kufanele ngikutshele... (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ngiyethemba ukuthi usunomqondo omuhle wokuthi ungubani udokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal, benzani, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo abazelaphayo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi laba ochwepheshe bakhona ukukusiza . Banolwazi nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ngesimo sakho.
- Uma unezimpawu ezingavamile ezihlobene ne-colon yakho, i-rectum, noma i-anus (isib. ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, igazi esitulweni sakho, ushintsho emikhubeni yamathumbu, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki), ungakuzibi . Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Uma udokotela wakho ekuthumelela kudokotela ohlinzayo we-colorectal, ungakhathazeki . Kusho ukuthi ungadinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile .
- Khumbula, ngesayensi yezokwelapha ethuthukisiwe yanamuhla, izimo eziningi ezihlobene nalo mkhakha zingaphathwa futhi zelashwe ngempumelelo .
Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuhlala uphilile! Uma unezinkinga, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola iseluleko esifanele endaweni efanele.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyengeziwe (ama-FAQ)
💬 Ngubani uDokotela We-Colorectal?
Lokhu kubhekisela kudokotela ohlinzayo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekwelapheni izifo ezihlobene nengxenye yokugcina yesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla, okungukuthi i-colon, i-rectum, kanye ne-anus.
💬 Hlobo luni lwezifo okudingeka ulubone lo dokotela?
Lo dokotela kufanele axhumane naye ngezimo ezifana nama-hemorrhoids, imifantu yendunu, isifo sohudo esingapheli (iSifo sikaCrohn), kanye nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
💬 Kungani kufanele siye kulo dokotela esikhundleni sokuya kudokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile?
Laba odokotela be-colorectal banolwazi olukhethekile kanye nolwazi ekuhlinzeni nasekuhlolweni (i-colonoscopy) okwenziwa emathunjini amakhulu kanye nase-rectum.
Udokotela ohlinzayo we - colour rectum, izifo ze-rectum, udokotela ohlinzayo we-colour rectum, umdlavuza we-colon, i-colonoscopy, uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, ukuhlinzwa
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