Ake sifunde konke mayelana nengxenye engaphambili yobuchopho bakho ngendlela elula.

Ubuchopho bethu buyisitho esimangalisayo kakhulu, akunjalo? Bunesibopho cishe kukho konke esikucabangayo, esikuzwayo, nesikwenzayo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye eyodwa ekhethekile, ebaluleke kakhulu yezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho. Leyo yingxenye engaphambili yobuchopho, noma njengoba odokotela beyibiza kanjalo, i-"Frontal Lobe".

Iyini ingxenye engaphambili yobuchopho? Ikuphi?

Kalula nje, i-"Frontal Lobe" ingenye yezingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zobuchopho bakho. Njengoba igama lisho, itholakala ngaphambili kwekhanda lakho. Ukuze kube sobala, le ngxenye ebalulekile itholakala ngemuva kwebunzi lakho. Cabanga ngayo njenge-"control room" engaphakathi kwekhanda lakho.

Le `(Frontal Lobe)` isebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. Noma yini esiyenzayo ngamabomu, okungukuthi, ukucabanga nokubala, ukwenza izinqumo, le ngxenye iyasiza kukho konke lokhu. Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu, ochwepheshe bathi phakathi kuka-25% no-40% we-`(Cerebral Cortex)`, ubuso obugobile obuphezu kobuchopho bethu, yakhiwe yile `(Frontal Lobe).` Lokho kukhulu kancane, akunjalo?

Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani ngalokhu (i-Frontal Lobe)? Kusizani imizimba yethu?

Empeleni, kunemisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa yilo "Lobe Ongaphambili". Ake sibheke eminye yemisebenzi eyinhloko:

• Ukucabangela: Lokhu kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekucabangeni nje ngento ethile kuya ekuhlaziyeni ulwazi ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukucabanga ngokunengqondo, ukuzahlulela, ukwenza izinqumo, nokudala izinto ezintsha (ukudala) konke kuwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
• Ukuqonda kwezenhlalo: Lokhu "(Frontal Lobe)" kusisiza siqonde izinto ezifana nokuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ezamukelekayo emphakathini, indlela okufanele siziphathe ngayo, okuhle ukukusho, nokuthi yini embi ukuyisho. Kufana "nekhampasi yethu yezenhlalo."
• Imisebenzi Yokuphatha: Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa kalula nje, kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nokuzithiba, ukuvimbela, isikhathi sokunaka, kanye nenkumbulo yokusebenza, okuyikhono lokukhumbula ulwazi oluhlobene nento ethile ngenkathi uyenzayo.
• Ukunyakaza kwemisipha ngokuzithandela: Konke ukunyakaza kwemisipha yakho ngokuzithandela, njengokuphakamisa isandla sakho, ukuphakamisa okuthile, noma ukuvuka nokuhamba, kulawulwa lapha. Futhi, ingxenye yobuchopho elawula imisipha esiyisebenzisayo ukukhuluma nayo itholakala kule "Frontal Lobe".
• Ulwazi lokufunda nokukhumbula: Lesi sigaba sikusiza ukuthi ufunde okuthile okusha, ukukhumbule ukuze ukusebenzise kamuva, futhi ukhumbule nezinto ezindala.

Cabanga nje, le "Frontal Lobe" ikusiza kusukela ngesikhathi uvuka ekuseni uhlele usuku lwakho, uye emsebenzini uxazulule inkinga, uye ekukhulumeni nomngane.

Yenziwe ngani le (Frontal Lobe)?

Njengayo yonke ingxenye yobuchopho bethu, i-"Frontal Lobe" yakhiwe ngezinhlobo zamaseli ezikhethekile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli:

1. Ama-Neuron: Lawa amaseli okuxhumana ayinhloko ebuchosheni nasesimisweni sezinzwa. Angathumela izimpawu kwamanye amaseli ezinzwa. Lezi zimpawu zihamba ngaphakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa njengemiyalezo kagesi (ama-impulses). Bese, lezi zimpawu zikagesi ziguqulwa zibe amakhemikhali bese zikhishwa esitokisini sezinzwa. Iseli lezinzwa elilandelayo liyawabona lawo makhemikhali bese lidala esinye isignali kagesi. Yileyo ndlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo ngokushesha ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

2. Amaseli e-Glial: Lawa “amangqamuzana asizayo” esimiso sezinzwa. Awadlulisi izimpawu, kodwa enza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile, njengokugcina amaseli ezinzwa, ukususa imfucuza, ukunikeza ukudla okunempilo, nokugcina isakhiwo siqinile.

Yiziphi izifo nezinkinga ezivamile ezithinta i-frontal lobe?

Cishe noma yisiphi isifo esingalimaza izicubu zobuchopho singathinta i-frontal lobe. Futhi, kunezinye izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa ezithinta ukukhula kobuchopho ezingabangela izimpawu ezihlobene ngqo ne-frontal lobe. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo ezingayithinta:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ikakhulukazi `(Expressive aphasia)` noma `(Broca's aphasia)` (lapho wazi khona ukuthi ufuna ukusho, kodwa kunzima ukuhlanganisa amagama ndawonye)
• Isifo sokungakwazi ukunaka kakhulu (ADHD)
• Isifo se-Autism spectrum
• Ukulimala noma ukulimala kobuchopho (izilonda zobuchopho) (lokhu kungabangelwa izifo noma izinto ezifana nokuhlinzwa)
• Izimila zobuchopho (zombili izimila ezinomdlavuza kanye nezingezona umdlavuza)
• Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide
• Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukubhajwa kwemisipha kanye nokunye ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuwohloka kwe-corticobasal
• I-Frontotemporal dementia (isibonelo, isifo sikaPick)
• Izimo zofuzo (isib. isifo sikaHuntington, isifo sikaWilson)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye ne-Migraines
• Ubuthi bensimbi enamandla noma ukudla ezinye izinto ezinobuthi
• Izifo (ikakhulukazi izifo ezibangela umkhuhlane wobuchopho, njenge-encephalitis)
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo, isibonelo ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, kanye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu
• I-Lewy body dementia
• Ukuquleka (ikakhulukazi ukuquleka kwe-frontal lobe) kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nokuquleka ezifana nesifo sokuwa
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi kanye ne-Ischemic Yesikhashana (TIA)

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zenkinga nge-Frontal Lobe?

Eqinisweni, kunezimpawu eziningi ezingabangelwa inkinga ku-"Frontal Lobe". Kunezizathu ezimbili ezenza lezi zimpawu zihluke:

1. Ngoba "i-Frontal Lobe yakho" yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

2. Ngoba inani elikhulu lezimo zezokwelapha ezahlukene lingathinta le "Frontal Lobe".

Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu eziningana ezivame ukubonakala ngezinkinga ku-"Frontal Lobe":

• Ukushintsha kobuntu: Izinto ezinjengokuba nenkani kakhulu kunakuqala, ukuthukuthela ngokushesha, nokuziphatha ngendlela engafanele.
• Ubunzima bokubona imbangela nomphumela, ukugxila, ukuhlela izinto, ukuhlela, noma ukushintsha ukunaka kusuka komunye umsebenzi kuya komunye.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwabaphathi: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ubunzima bokwenza izinqumo, ukuhlela, kanye nokuzithiba.
• Ubunzima bokulawula imizwa nezenzo zomuntu, ikakhulukazi ukulahlekelwa ukulawula lokho akushoyo nakwenzayo.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (i-Amnesia).
• Ubunzima bokunyakaza kwemisipha ethile, okuhlanganisa nemisipha esetshenziselwa ukukhuluma.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-frontal lobe?

Odokotela banezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola impilo ye-frontal lobe yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, kanye nokuskena kwezithombe. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungathola izinto ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ezinkingeni zesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba kuya ebuthi emzimbeni (ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, i-mercury, kanye ne-lead).
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram - i-EEG) (bheka umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-EMG (i-Electromyogram - ukuhlolwa kokuhanjiswa kwemizwa) (kubona ijubane lemiyalezo ehamba ngemizwa)
• Amandla avuselelwe - izivivinyo zezinzwa (bheka ukuthi imizwa iya kanjani ebuchosheni)
• I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - I-MRI)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological (kuhlola izinto ezifana nokucabanga, inkumbulo, ukunaka, njll.)
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - ukuskena kwe-PET)

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezimo ezithinta i-frontal lobe?

Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezihlobene ne-Frontal Lobe kungahlukahluka njengezimo ngokwazo. Udokotela wakho angakweluleka kangcono ngezinketho zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zesimo sakho kanye nalokho udokotela wakho akuncomayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezimpawu.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine i-(Frontal Lobe) yami iphilile?

Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ugcine ubuchopho bakho bonke, okuhlanganisa ne-frontal lobe yakho, buphilile. Ezinye izimo zobuchopho zingavinjelwa. Nakuba ezinye zingenakuvinjelwa, unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nazo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine ubuchopho bakho buphilile:

• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Ukudla okudlayo kuthinta impilo yesimiso sakho sokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo kubalulekile ukuze ubuchopho busebenze kahle (isibonelo, isifo sohlangothi yilapho izinkinga zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi zithinta ubuchopho). Futhi, amavithamini athile amaningi kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu angathinta ubuchopho.
• Thola izindlela zokugcina isisindo esinempilo futhi usebenze ngokomzimba: Isisindo sakho kanye nezinga lomsebenzi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekubambezeleni izimo ezithinta ubuchopho, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ungacela udokotela wakho womndeni ukuthi akunike iseluleko ngokuthi ungakanani uhla lwesisindo olunempilo olukufanele nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze ululondoloze. Umsebenzi womzimba uthinta ngqo impilo yobuchopho. Kusiza ekujikelezeni kwegazi okuhle, futhi kusiza nobuchopho ukuthi bukhiqize izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-neurotransmitters".
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela uma kudingeka: Njengoba i-lobe yakho yangaphambili itholakala ngaphambili kwekhanda lakho, usengozini enkulu yokuba nokuquleka kwemisipha kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izingubo zokuzivikela njengezigqoko zokuzivikela namabhande esihlalo uma ugibela izimoto.
• Lawula izimo zakho ezingamahlalakhona: Izimo eziningi ezithinta ubuchopho ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, ngezinye izikhathi ungazivimba noma uzibambezele ukuba zimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo sokuwa.

Indaba ethakazelisayo nge-Frontal Lobe!

"I-Frontal Lobe" yakho yilapho izingxenye zobuchopho bakho ezilawula ukuthi ungubani, ikakhulukazi ubuntu bakho nendlela oziphatha ngayo, zitholakala khona. Indlela ocabanga ngayo, ikhono lakho lokuxazulula izinkinga, ikhono lakho lokwakha ubudlelwano bomphakathi, ukuziphatha kwakho, kanye nekhono lakho lokuqonda okulungile nokungalungile konke kuncike ezingxenyeni "ze-Frontal Lobe" yakho.

Ochwepheshe bafunda lokhu ngenxa yenduna yesitimela egama linguPhineas Gage. Ngo-1848, induku yensimbi yadlula ekhanda likaGage ngesikhathi kuqhuma indawo yokwakha isitimela, yalimaza uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwe-lobe yakhe yangaphambili. Ngaphambi kwengozi, uGage wayengumholi ozolile, ohlonishwayo phakathi kwabasebenzi ayesebenza nabo. Ngokuyisimangaliso, uGage wasinda engozini. Kodwa ngemva kwengozi, ubuntu bakhe bashintsha ngokuphelele. Waba nolaka, ukungahloniphi, futhi wayevame ukusebenzisa ulimi olungcolile.

Kodwa-ke, izinguquko zobuntu bukaGage azizange zibe khona unomphela. Eminyakeni emine ngemva kwengozi, uGage waya eChile, eNingizimu Melika, wasebenza njengomshayeli wenqola edonswa yihhashi. Udokotela owahlola uGage ngasekupheleni kuka-1858 noma ekuqaleni kuka-1859 wabika ukuthi wayephilile ngokomzimba futhi "wayengenakho ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo."

Nakuba uGage alulama kakhulu engozini, washona eSan Francisco ngo-1860 ngenxa yokuxhuzula. Ukuxhuzula kungenzeka ukuthi kwakubangelwa umonakalo awuthola engozini. Kodwa-ke, icala lakhe lafaka isandla kakhulu ekuqondeni kwezokwelapha zanamuhla ngalokho okwenzekayo engxenyeni engaphambili, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kuthinta kanjani ubuntu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma ucabanga nge-"Frontal Lobe" yakho, empeleni utshela ingxenye yobuchopho bakho ukuthi icabange ngayo. I-"Frontal Lobe" yakho ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuchopho bakho. Ilawula futhi iphathe amakhono amaningi owasebenzisayo empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Yilapho futhi ulawula khona izinto ezifana nobuntu bakho, imizwa, kanye nokwahlulela.

Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela kahle "i-Frontal Lobe yakho", nokuthola ukwelashwa kwezimo eziyithintayo, kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni enikela ngayo empilweni yakho. Ubuchopho buyinsiza eyigugu, futhi kungumthwalo wethu wemfanelo ukubuvikela.

` I-frontal lobe, umsebenzi wobuchopho, ubuntu, ukwenza izinqumo, impilo yobuchopho, i-neuroscience