Izinto okudingeka uzazi ngama-Taste Buds!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi sikunambitha kanjani ukudla noma iziphuzo? Okunye ukudla kuyamnandi kakhulu kithi, kanti okunye akumnandi kangako. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho nje sifaka ukudla okonakele emlonyeni wethu, siyaqaphela, 'O, lokhu akukuhle ukukudla.' Konke lokhu kusizwa yizitho ezincane olimini lwethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalawo ma-nambitha, noma '(Ama-Nambitha)'.

Ziyini lezi zinhlayiya zokunambitha?

Kalula nje, izinzwa zokunambitha zincane, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu ezithweni zethu zokuzwa. Uma ubheka ulimi lwakho esibukweni, uzobona ukuthi kunezinzwa ezincane ezifana namantongomane olimini. Ngaphakathi kwalezo zinzwa kukhona izinzwa zokunambitha. Sibiza lezi ngokuthi ama-papillae . Lezi zinzwa zokunambitha zisitshela ukuthi izinto esizidlayo nesiziphuzayo zinambitheka kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinambitheka 'kahle' noma 'zimbi'. Lolu lwazi yilona olwenza ukudla ukudla kujabulise futhi lunikeze imizimba yethu izakhamzimba ezidingayo. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa uma sifaka okuthile emlonyeni wethu okungafanele ukudliwa, njengobisi olonakele noma ucezu lwenyama ebolile, yilezi zinzwa zokunambitha ezisixwayisayo, 'O, cha, akusikho lokhu.'

Zitholakalaphi izinzwa zokunambitha?

Esikhathini esiningi, ama-nambitha akhona kulo lonke ulimi lwethu . Kodwa ngezinga elincane, atholakala nasophahleni lomlomo wethu nasemphinjeni wethu. Ama-nambitha olimini yilawo maqhubu engiwakhulume ngawo ekuqaleni, abizwa ngokuthi ama-papillae. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-papillae aqukethe ama-nambitha:

• Ama-fungus papillae: Lawa atholakala ezinhlangothini nasesiqongweni solimi. Kunezinhlobo zokunambitha ezingaba ngu-1,600 kule ndawo.
• Ama-circumvalte papillae: Lawa atholakala ngemuva kolimi. Aqukethe ama-nambitheka angaba ngu-250.
• Ama-foliate papillae: Lawa atholakala ngemuva kolimi, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Kunama-papillae angaba ngu-20, ngalinye lawo elingaqukatha amakhulu ezinzwa zokunambitha.

Kodwa kukhona umbono ongalungile wokuthi kunezindawo ezihlukene olimini ngokunambitheka ngakunye. Azikho izindawo ezikhethekile ezinjalo. Ama-taste buds amnandi, anosawoti, amunyu, amuncu kanye ne-umami asakazeke kulo lonke ulimi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingxenye zolimi zizwela kakhulu ekunambithekeni okuthile . Isibonelo, ama-taste buds angemuva kolimi azwela kakhulu ekunambithekeni okubabayo. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyisici sokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngoba izinto ezinobuthi zivame ukuqukethe ama-compounds ama-taste buds ethu azibona njengezibabayo nezingathandeki. Ngakho-ke ukuqaphela ukuthi okuthile akumnandi (futhi mhlawumbe kuyingozi) ngaphambi kokugwinya kungasindisa izimpilo zethu.

Ibukeka kanjani i-taste bud?

Cabanga ngakho njengomgodi wewolintshi ohlutshiwe, noma njengehlumela lerozi, elinamaseli amaningi aqoqene ndawonye. Yilokho okubukeka njengehlumela lokunambitha. Phezulu kwaleli 'hlumela lerozi', kukhona isikhala esincane esibizwa ngokuthi 'imbobo yokunambitha' . Yilapho izinto esizidlayo nesiphuzayo zingena khona futhi zixhumane namaseli okunambitha angaphakathi.

Iyini isakhiwo se-tastebud?

I-tastebud iyiqoqo lamaseli atholakala ngaphakathi kwe-papillae olimini engikhulume ngalo. Inezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko:

• Amaseli e-Taste receptor: Kunamaseli aphakathi kuka-50 no-150 ku-taste bud eyodwa. Lawa maseli aqukethe ama-receptor anwebeka phezulu aye embotsheni yokunambitha. Sibiza lezi zakhiwo ezifana ne-fiber ezibheke phezulu ngokuthi ama-microvilli . Lawa ma-microvilli ahlangana namakhemikhali ekudleni esikudlayo. Lawa maseli e-taste receptor axhunywe ezinzwa ezithwala izimpawu zokunambitha ziye ebuchosheni. Ubuchopho bubhalisa ikhemikhali ehlangana nalawa ma-receptor njengomnandi, usawoti, njll.
• Amaseli ayisisekelo: Lawa amaseli ayisisekelo azoba amaseli amasha okwamukela ukunambitheka esikhathini esizayo, afana namaseli okuqala. Umzimba wethu wenza amaseli amasha okwamukela ukunambitheka cishe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 .
• Amaseli asekelayo / Amaseli asekelayo: Lawa maseli atholakala ngaphakathi kwama-tastebuds, kanye namaseli e-tastereceptor. Kodwa-ke, noma ekhona kuma-tastebuds, awakwazi ukubona ukunambitheka. Asebenza njengamaseli asekelayo kwamanye amaseli.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokunambitheka ezibonwa yizinzwa zokunambitha?

Izinzwa zethu zokunambitha zingakwazi ukubona izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokunambitha . Lezi yizi:

• Okumnandi: Ukudla okumnandi kuvame ukuqukatha uhlobo oluthile lukashukela (isb., i-sucrose, i-glucose, i-fructose, i-lactose). Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana noju, izithelo, kanye ne-ayisikhilimu.
• Okunosawoti: Ukudla okunosawoti kuqukethe usawoti esiwudlayo (i-sodium chloride) kanye namaminerali afana ne-magnesium ne-potassium. Cabanga ngama-pretzels, ama-chips, kanye nama-popcorn ebhayisikobho.
• Okubabayo: Ukudla okubabayo kungaqukatha izinto ezifana ne-caffeine noma izinto ezivela ezitshalweni. Okubabayo kuyinambitheka eyinkimbinkimbi. Abanye abantu bayakujabulela ukudla okubabayo njengekhofi kanye noshokoledi omnyama, kanti abanye abakuthandi.
• Ukunambitheka okumuncu: Ukudla okumuncu okufana nolamula noviniga kuvame ukuqukethe uhlobo oluthile lwe-asidi (i-acetic acid, i-citric acid, i-lactic acid).
• I-Umami: I-Umami iyinambitheka enikeza umbono wokuthi inenyama, noma inothile kakhulu, noma imnandi. Ukudla okuningi okubonwa yizinzwa zethu zokunambitha njenge-umami kuqukethe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-glutamate. Izibonelo ze-umami zifaka utamatisi, i-asparagus, inhlanzi, amakhowe, kanye ne-soy.

Izinzwa zakho zokunambitha zibona lezi zinambitheka ngokuhlanganiswa. Yingakho ulwazi lokunambitheka kokudla neziphuzo luyinkimbinkimbi kangaka. Isibonelo, ukudla kungaba mnandi kakhulu, kodwa kungase kube nokunambitheka okunosawoti kanye ne-umami. Noma isiphuzo singaba mnandi kakhulu, kodwa singase sibe nobumnandi obuthile. Cabanga ngakho, uma sidla i-chicken curry enhle, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningi ezifana nosawoti, okubabayo, kanye ne-umami okusenza sizizwe sinokunambitheka okukhethekile.

Ama-taste bud asebenza kanjani?

Ama-taste buds asebenza nama -receptors ephunga emakhaleni ethu ukuze asinike ukunambitheka okugcwele kokudla. Cabanga nje, uma uhlafuna ukudla, amazinyo akho namathe emlonyeni wakho asebenza ndawonye ukuze aphule ukudla. Njengoba uhlafuna, amakhemikhali ekudleni ayakhishwa. Lawa aya kuma-taste buds akho. Lawa masignali amakhemikhali ahamba ngemihubhe yamakhala futhi aye kuma-receptors emakhaleni akho. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho la masignali avela ekhaleni lakho nasemlonyeni wakho ehlangana, sithola ulwazi oluphelele 'lokunambitha nokunuka' kokudla. Cabanga nje, uma uvala ikhala lakho bese udla ukudla, ukunambitheka akunyamalali ngokuphelele, kodwa ukunambitheka kungashintsha, noma ukuqina kwako kungase kwehle, akunjalo? Nasi isizathu.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, lokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'okumnandi' empeleni kuyinhlanganisela yokunambitha nokuhogela!

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo zamaseli emlonyeni wakho nasemphinjeni ezingase zizwe ukuthi ukudla noma isiphuzo kushisa noma kubanda kangakanani. Uma uthi 'kushisa', usho izinga lokushisa kanye nokubanda. Uma uthi 'kubanda', usho izinga lokushisa kanye neminye imizwa yokunambitha, njenge-mint noma i-eucalyptus. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaningi ala maseli enzwa okwakha ulwazi ngalokho esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo.

Zingaki izinzwa zokunambitha esinazo?

Umuntu omdala ojwayelekile unama-taste buds aphakathi kuka-2,000 no-10,000 . Njengoba sikhula, inani lala ma-taste buds liyancipha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane ezincane zine-taste buds eziningi kunabantu abadala. Futhi, ubukhulu kanye nenani lama-taste buds liyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Ngenxa yalokhu kwehluka, noma ngabe wonke umuntu anganambitha ukunambitheka okuhlanu okuyinhloko, indlela okubonwa ngayo lokho kunambitheka, okungukuthi, ukuqonda kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho, kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ukudla owawukuthanda useyingane kungase kungabi kuhle njengoba ukhula. Ngokufanayo, indlela onambitha ngayo ukunambitheka ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ukhula.

Ingakanani i-taste bud?

Ama-taste bud atholakala ngosayizi bonke. Ngokwesilinganiso, elilodwa lingaba ngu-30 wemilimitha ububanzi kanye no-16 wemilimitha ubude. Ungacabanga ukuthi lincane kangakanani?

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iRasa Naharika ivuselelwe?

Amaseli amasha okwamukela ukunambitheka akhiqizwa kulawo maseli ayisisekelo cishe kabili ngesonto (ngokuvamile njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-nambitheka ethu avuselelwa njalo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba siguga, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwala maseli amasha lingase lehle, futhi inani eliphelele lingancipha. Yingakho indlela esinambitha ngayo ukunambitheka ishintsha ngezikhathi ezahlukene empilweni yethu. Ukudla okuthandayo njengomuntu omdala kungase kuhluke ekudleni owawukuthanda usesemncane. Futhi, ukuqonda kwakho ukunambitheka kuyashintsha njengoba ukhula.

Yiziphi izifo nezinkinga ezivamile ezithinta ama-taste buds?

Kuneqembu lezimo ezithinta ikhono lethu lokunambitha, esizibiza ngokuthi 'izinkinga zokunambitha' . Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I-Ageusia: Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele umuzwa wokunambitha.
• I-Dysgeusia: Ukuphazamiseka komuzwa wokunambitha (isb., ukunambitha into emnandi njengebabayo).
• I-Hypergeusia: Umuzwa wokunambitha oweqile.
• I-Hypogeusia: Ukuncipha komuzwa wokunambitha.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokunambitha: Ukunambitheka okungathandeki okuqhubekayo emlonyeni noma kungekho lutho kuwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yikuphi okulandelayo kungathinta ama-nambitha akho futhi kwenze ukudla kube nokunambitheka okuhlukile:

• Ukutheleleka komlomo noma komphimbo, okuhlanganisa ne-gingivitis.
• Izimo zokuvuvukala emlonyeni (ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu).
• Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 noma i-zinc.
• Izifo ze-metabolic ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma i-hypothyroidism.
• Izifo ze-neurological ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kanye ne-multiple sclerosis.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa.
• Isifo se-gastroesophageal reflux, noma i-chronic acid reflux (GERD).
• Ukubhema noma ukuhlafuna ugwayi.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
• Eminye imithi, njenge-chemotherapy, yokwelapha umdlavuza.
• Umlomo owomile.
• Ulimi oluvuthayo.
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-taste bud.

Sizigcina kanjani izinzwa zethu zokunambitha ziphilile?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinzwa zakho zokunambitha zihlala zilungiswa futhi zishintshwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinzwa zokunambitha ezilimele zivame ukuphola zodwa. Kodwa-ke, uma umonakalo uqhubeka, njengokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe noma ukubhema, izinzwa zokunambitha zingase ziyeke ukuphola futhi ikhono lakho lokunambitha lingathinteka.

Ngakho-ke, nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwezinzwa zakho zokunambitha:

• Ungasebenzisi imikhiqizo kagwayi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Gcina amazinyo akho, izinsini, nolimi lwakho kuhlanzekile. Lokho kusho ukugcina umlomo wakho uhlanzekile.
• Vumela ukudla kuphole kancane ngaphambi kokudla. Ungashisi ulimi lwakho ngokudla ukudla okushisayo ngokushesha.
• Ungabeki izinto ezibandayo kakhulu njengeqhwa ngqo olimini lwakho.

Uma unakekela lezi zinto ezincane, ungagcina izinzwa zakho zokunambitha ziphilile futhi ujabulele ukudla okumnandi nsuku zonke.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngezinzwa zokunambitha namuhla, akunjalo? Khumbula, lezi zitho ezincane yizo ezisisiza ukunambitha ukudla. Zenza lo msebenzi ngokubambisana namaseli ephunga emakhaleni ethu.

Ama-flavour buds ayingxenye emangalisayo yomzimba wethu encane kodwa enza umsebenzi omkhulu!

Uma unenxeba elincane ezinzwaneni zakho zokunambitha, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Ngokuvamile kuzophola phakathi nesonto noma amabili, futhi uzokwazi ukujabulela ukudla futhi. Okwamanje, qaphela ukuthi ungashisi ulimi lwakho ngokuvumela ukudla kwakho kuphole ngaphambi kokudla. Ikakhulukazi, gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi, njengoba lokhu kungabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside ezinzwaneni zakho zokunambitha.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole impilo emnandi, ukunambitha okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu!

` Ama-taste buds, ama-taste buds, ukunambitheka kolimi, umuzwa wokunambitha, izinhlobo zokunambitha, ukunambitheka kokudla, ulimi, iphunga, ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, izifo zolimi, i-papilla, i-umami