Wake wezwa igama elithi 'Extravasation'? Kungenzeka ukuthi wake wahlangana nalo ngesikhathi uxoxa nodokotela wakho noma ngenkathi ucwaninga ngemithi yokwelapha umdlavuza . Nakuba kuzwakala njengegama lezokwelapha eliyinkimbinkimbi, empeleni linezincazelo ezimbili ezihlukile. Elinye libhekisela enkambisweni yemvelo, yangaphakathi yomzimba, kanti elinye lichaza inkinga engaba khona ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ngemithi yokwelapha umdlavuza efana ne-chemotherapy. Ake sichaze kokubili kalula nangokucacile, kuwe.
Iyini inqubo ye-Extravasation?
Kalula nje, ukukhipha igazi emzimbeni kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana noma izinto zisuka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho ziye ezicutshini ezizungezile. Leli gama livela kwelesiLatini: 'extra' okusho "ngaphandle" kanye 'vas' okusho "isitsha." Ngakho-ke, libhekisela entweni ehamba ngaphandle kwesitsha.
Cabanga ngalokhu: uma ulimale kancane noma unesifo, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi omzimba wakho—“amaphoyisa” esimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela—aphuthuma endaweni yesehlakalo. Lawa maseli ahamba egazini lakho, aphume emthanjeni, bese eqonda ngqo endaweni yokulimala noma lapho usulelekile khona. Lokhu kunyakaza kubizwa nangokuthi i-extravasation, futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba wakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isici esikhathazayo kakhulu ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asebenzisa le nqubo efanayo yokukhipha izicubu emzimbeni ukuze asakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba—into esiyibiza ngokuthi i-metastasis .
Amaseli omdlavuza ayisebenzisa kanjani le nqubo?
Amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala ngokuphuma esimila sokuqala. Abese engena egazini ngemithambo emincane kakhulu yomzimba, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-capillary . Njengoba ejikeleza, lawa mangqamuzana omdlavuza anamathela odongeni oluncane lwemithambo yegazi, olubizwa ngokuthi i -endothelium .
Ekuqaleni, la maseli omdlavuza ajikeleza eduze kwe-endothelium, kodwa ekugcineni, aziqinisa—ngokuvamile ngosizo lwamaseli athile amhlophe egazi nama -platelet . Abacwaningi bezokwelapha bafunda kabanzi ngale nqubo, njengoba ukuvimbela lesi sinyathelo kungase kumise ukusabalala komdlavuza. Ekugcineni, la maseli omdlavuza aphula udonga lwemithambo yegazi futhi angene ezicutshini, lapho angase ahlale elele khona, afe, noma aqale ukwakha izindawo ezintsha zesimila.
Ungase uzibuze, “Ukube ‘ukukhishwa kwegazi’ bekwenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wami, bengizokuzwa?” Lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi elwa nokutheleleka, ungase uqaphele ukuvuvukala noma ukubomvu okuthile. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukukhishwa kwegazi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka komdlavuza, ungase ungabi nezimpawu ezibalulekile ekuqaleni . Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungase kungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi lolu hlobo lokukhishwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukuthola izimpawu ezihlobene, njengokushintsha kwenani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi noma izimpawu ezithile zomdlavuza.
Isimo Sezokwelapha Esaziwa ngokuthi 'i-Extravasation'
Ake sixoxe ngegama elithi 'extravasation' njengoba lisetshenziswa endaweni yezokwelapha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezithola ukwelashwa nge-Intravenous (IV) , lapho imithi ye-chemotherapy inikezwa khona ngepayipi elincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-cannula efakwe emthanjeni wakho.
Cishe ujwayelene nendlela eminye imithi efakwa ngayo ngqo emthanjeni. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza, le mithi ilethwa egazini lakho ngomugqa we-IV. Lo mugqa uvame ukuxhunywa emthanjeni osesandleni sakho noma esihlakaleni . Umuthi ugeleza usuka esikhwameni ngepayipi bese ungena egazini lakho. I-cannula ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa komuthi kancane kancane nangokuzinzile esikhathini esibekiwe.
Eminye imithi ye-chemotherapy yaziwa ngokuthi 'ama-vesicants' . Leli gama lisho ukuthi "ukwakha ama-blister." Uma le mithi ye-vesicant ivuza kusuka kumugqa we-IV noma ku-cannula iye ezicutshini ezizungezile, ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kumaseli anempilo. Lokhu kuvuza kwemithi kusuka emthanjeni kuya ezicutshini ezizungezile yilokho esikuchaza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi 'ukukhishwa kwemithi.'
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase uzizwe usha noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokungena kwe-IV. Uma i-cannula ivuza, indawo ingase izwakale iqinile, ibonakale ivuvukele, noma ibukeke ibomvu.
Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi uma uthola i-vesicant chemotherapy, odokotela bakho nabahlengikazi baqeqeshwe kakhulu ukukuqapha eduze. Izibhedlela zinezinqubomgomo neziqondiso eziqinile zokuvimbela ukuchitheka kwegazi. Ziqapha indawo yakho yokungena kwe-IV njalo futhi zilungele ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kuvela izinkinga.
Kuvame kangakanani ukukhipha i-extravasation ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza?
Ukukhipha i-extravas akuvamile kakhulu , kodwa kungenzeka. Izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi izinga elithile lokuvuza liyenzeka cishe kuma-6% emithi yokwelapha umdlavuza. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha abanikeza i-IV chemotherapy yakho bathole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuvimbela lokhu nokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.
Ingabe kuyinkinga enkulu?
Yebo, kungaba yinto engathi sína . Khumbula ukuthi imithi enamandla ngokwanele ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ingathinta nezicubu ezinempilo. Uma imithi ivuza kusukela ku-IV, ingaholela ebuhlungwini kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona wezicubu. Izimpawu zingase zivele ngokushesha noma zikhule ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Ziyini izimpawu zokukhishwa kwesisu?
- Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kobuhlungu endaweni ye-IV noma ye-cannula.
- Umuzwa wokushisa noma wokuhlaba .
- Ukubomvu kwesikhumba endaweni.
- Ukwakheka kwama -blister .
- Ukukhula kwezilonda noma izilonda .
- Ukucwebezela kwesikhumba (ukumhlophe) , okungaba uphawu lokulimala kwezicubu.
Ingabe zikhona izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni?
Yebo, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi kancane. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liyazi kahle lezi zinto futhi lithatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa lokhu:
- Ukuba nemithambo emincane noma ebuthakathaka .
- Ukuba nemithambo evame ukuqhekeka .
- Imithambo yegazi esuke ijiyile noma isaba ngenxa yokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.
- Imithambo 'egoqekayo'noma ukushintsha kalula uma uzama ukufaka i-IV.
Kuphathwa kanjani ukukhipha i-extravasation?
Ukuvimbela ukukhukhumala kwesikhumba kuwumgomo oyinhloko wethimba lakho le-oncology. Uma kwenzeka, baqeqeshwe ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokushesha. Izinyathelo ezivamile zifaka:
- Ukumisa ngokushesha ukumnika nge-IV.
- Ukuzama ukukhipha umuthi omningi ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni evuzayo .
- Ukususa i-catheter ye-IV.
- Ukuphakamisa isitho esithintekile.
- Ukufaka ukhilimu okhethekile ukuze kudambise izimpawu.
- Ukusebenzisa ama-compress abandayo . Umkhuhlane uyasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu futhi ubangele ukuthi imithambo yegazi ifinyele, okunganciphisa ukusabalala komuthi osele.
- Kwezinye izimo, ama-compress afudumele angasetshenziswa ukwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi nokusiza ekususeni imithi esele endaweni. (Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi ukwelashwa okubandayo noma okufudumele kufanelekile yini).
Kwenzekani ngemva kokukhipha isisu?
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zincike esimweni sakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwelapha indawo futhi likuqaphe eduze ukuze libone noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi kukhona izinkinga eziya ziba zimbi noma ezintsha.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa kabusha kusetshenziswa umthambo ohlukile. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase batuse ukubambezeleka kokwelashwa kwakho ukuze indawo iphole kahle. Noma ngabe yikuphi, bazokunikeza imiyalelo eningiliziwe yokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya. Isibonelo:
- Ngemva kwesenzakalo sokukhipha i-extravasation, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi ufake i-compress ebandayo noma efudumele endaweni okungenani usuku olulodwa (imizuzu engu-15-20 ngesikhathi, izikhathi ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku). Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile ehambisana nesimo sakho.
- Ungase welulekwe ukuthi ugcine isitho esithintekile siphakeme .
Ngingaqhubeka yini nokwelashwa kwami?
Lokhu kuncike ezimweni zakho ezithile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iziguli eziningi ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa kwazo . Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokukhipha i-IV, i-IV ingamane ithuthelwe kwenye indawo futhi ukwelashwa kungaqhubeka. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kwakho kungase kumiswe okwesikhashana kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zokukhipha i-IV seziphelile ngokuphelele.
Kufanele ngimazise nini udokotela wami?
Uma izimpawu zokukhishwa kwesikhumba ziqhubeka isikhathi eside kunalokho obekutshelwe ukuthi ukulindele, sicela uqinisekise ukuthi wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
Okubalulekile Okuthathayo kusuka eNirogi Lanka
Njengoba sesixoxile, igama elithi 'extravasation' linezincazelo ezimbili: lingabhekisela enkambisweni yemvelo lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeka khona emzimbeni wonke, noma, esimweni sezokwelapha, lichaza ukuvuza ngengozi kwemithi kusuka emgqeni we-IV kuya ezicutshini ezizungezile ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukukhipha i-extravas akuyona into evamile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela lokhu futhi lithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.
Uma uhlelelwe ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, sicela ubuze udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngalokho ongakulindela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi evamile. Ukwaziswa kukusiza ukuthi uqaphele uma okuthile kuzwakala kuhlukile—kungaba umphumela ojwayelekile noma into edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungakhathazeki; ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukukusekela kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
💬 Kuyini ukukhipha indle esibhedlela?
Ukukhipha i-extravas kwenzeka lapho imithi enikezwa nge-IV—ikakhulukazi imithi enamandla njenge-chemotherapy—ivuza ngephutha emthanjeni iye esikhumbeni esizungezile nasezicutshini ezithambile.
💬 Kwenzekani esikhumbeni uma lokhu kuvuza kwenzeka?
Uma umuthi ohilelekile 'uyi-vesicant' (into ecasula kakhulu), ungabangela umonakalo omkhulu esikhumbeni nasezicutshini ezizungeze umthambo, okungase kuholele ekuvuvukeni, ekushintsheni kombala, noma ekubhujisweni kwezicubu (ukufa kweseli) uma ungelashwa ngokushesha.
💬 Iziguli kufanele zikhathazeke nini uma zine-IV?
Uma wena noma ingane yakho nizwa ukusha okukhulu, ukuvuvukala, noma umuzwa wokuqongelela koketshezi endaweni yokufaka i-IV ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, yazisa umhlengikazi ngokushesha ukuze bayeke ukufaka i-infusion futhi bahlole indawo.
Amagama angukhiye: Ukukhipha uketshezi emzimbeni, Ukwelashwa komdlavuza, Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuvuza kwe-IV, Ukucasuka kwemithambo yegazi, Ukufuduka kwamaseli
