Kuyini lokhu 'ukweqisa'? Ake sikuqonde kalula!

Wake wezwa igama elithi 'extravasation'? Mhlawumbe uke wezwa kudokotela wakho, noma mhlawumbe uke wezwa ngenkathi ucwaninga ngemithi yokwelapha umdlavuza . Nakuba empeleni kuyigama lezokwelapha, linezincazelo ezimbili. Enye ukuthi inqubo yemvelo eyenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Enye ukuthi kuyinkinga encane engenzeka ngezinye izikhathi lapho sinikeza umuthi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali . Sizokhuluma ngakho kokubili namuhla, kalula kakhulu, ukuze uqonde.

Iyini inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'ukukhishwa ngokweqile'?

Kalula nje, 'ukukhishwa kwegazi' inqubo yamaseli emzimbeni wethu aphuma emithanjeni yegazi (lapho igazi ligeleza khona) aye ezicutshini ezizungezile. Yakhiwe ngamagama amabili esiLatini. Igama elithi 'extra' lisho "ngaphandle" kanti elithi 'vas' lisho "isitsha." Ngakho-ke lisho into efana nokuthi "ukuphuma esitsheni."

Cabanga ngale ndlela. Uma uthola inxeba elincane, noma lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni wakho, into yokuqala efika ekusizeni amaseli akho amhlophe egazi. Afana namaphoyisa emzimbeni wakho. Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi ahamba ngemithambo yegazi yakho, agxume aphume kuleyo mithambo yegazi, bese eya enxebeni noma egciwaneni. Sibiza le nqubo yokugxuma 'ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi.' Lena yingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba wakho .

Futhi, ngokudabukisayo, le nqubo efanayo 'yokukhipha i-extravasation' isetshenziswa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukusabalala emzimbeni wonke, okungukuthi, ukuhamba ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye (esikubiza nangokuthi 'i-metastasis').

Amaseli omdlavuza akwenza kanjani lokhu?

Amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala ngokuhlukana nesimila sokuqala. Lawa maseli abe esehamba ngemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary , aye egazini. Njengoba ehamba, lawa maseli omdlavuza anamathela ongqimbeni oluncane lwezicubu olubizwa ngokuthi i-endothelium , oluhlanganisa imithambo yegazi.

Ekuqaleni, la maseli omdlavuza ahamba nge-endothelium. Ngemva kwesikhashana, anamathela ngokuqinile kwi-endothelium. (Lokhu kusizwa amanye amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi, uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-platelet . Abacwaningi bezokwelapha bafunda kakhulu le nqubo, ngoba bacabanga ukuthi uma singayimisa, singanciphisa ukusabalala komdlavuza.) Ekugcineni, la maseli omdlavuza aphula izindonga zemithambo yegazi bese ephuma aye ezicutshini. Ngemva kwalokho, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angalala, afe, noma aqale ukwakha amathumba amasha endaweni entsha.

Ungase ucabange, "Bengingakuzwa yini ukube bengino-'extravasation' efana nale emzimbeni wami?" Lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi elwa nokutheleleka, ungase uzizwe okuthile okufana nokuvuvukala nokubomvu. Kodwa nge-'extravasation', eyenzeka lapho umdlavuza usakazeka , ungase ungaziboni izimpawu ezinkulu kangako ekuqaleni . Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungabonisi lokhu 'extravasation' ngqo, izinto ezifana nenani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi egazini kanye nezimpawu zomdlavuza zingahlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Isimo sezokwelapha esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-extravasation'

Manje ake sixoxe ngenye incazelo yalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi 'i-extravasation'. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho iziguli ezinomdlavuza zinikezwa imithi ye-chemotherapy ngemithambo yegazi (IV) , okuwuhlobo lomuthi onikezwa ngethubhu (i-cannula) emithanjeni.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi eminye imithi inikezwa ngqo emthanjeni. Ekwelashweni komdlavuza, lo muthi unikezwa ngqo egazini ngepayipi le-IV. Lo muthi we-IV uvame ukuxhunywa emthanjeni ongalweni noma esihlakaleni sakho. Umuthi ube usupontshwa ngepayipi usuka esikhwameni sepulasitiki uye egazini lakho. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa i-cannula, efaka umuthi kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho isikhathi esithile.

Manje, kunemithi ethile yokulwa nomdlavuza ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-vesicants." Leli gama lisho ukuthi "okubangela ama-vesicants." Uma le mithi "yama-vesicants" ivuza iphuma emgqeni we-IV noma ku-"cannula," ingalimaza izicubu ezizungezile ezinempilo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi "ukukhishwa kwemithi," lapho umuthi uvuza uphuma emthanjeni futhi wonakalise izicubu .

Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umuntu othola umuthi angase azizwe esha futhi ebuhlungu endaweni yokufakwa kwe-IV. Uma umuthi uvuza nge-cannula, indawo ingase izwe iqinile, ivuvukele futhi ibomvu.

Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule . Uma unikezwa uhlobo lomuthi womdlavuza 'obangela i-vesicant', odokotela bakho nabahlengikazi bayakwazi kahle lokho. Izibhedlela zinemigomo neziqondiso ezicacile zokuvimbela lokhu 'kubhebhetheka ngokweqile'. Zikuqapha ngokucophelela lapho zikunikeza umuthi, futhi uma zibona noma yiziphi izinkinga, zilungisa ngokushesha.

Ingabe lokhu 'ukweqisa' kuvamile ekwelashweni komdlavuza?

Cha, lokhu akuvamile kangako., kodwa akuyona into engenakwenzeka. Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi cishe u-6% wezokwelapha umdlavuza une-'extravasation' encane. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha abanikeza imithi yomdlavuza nge-IV baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela lokhu nokukwelapha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Ingabe lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba yinto engathi sína . Cabanga ngakho, imithi enamandla ngokwanele ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ingalimaza nezicubu ezinempilo, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke uma umuthi uphuma ku-IV, ungabangela ubuhlungu futhi ulimaze izicubu. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingase zivele ngokushesha, noma zingase zivele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva.

Ziyini izimpawu 'zokukhishwa ngokweqile'?

• Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe lapho kufakwe khona i-IV noma i-cannula.
• Umuzwa wokushisa noma wokuhlaba .
• Isikhumba sibomvu kuleyo ndawo.
• Ama-Pockmark noma ama-blister .
• Ukulimala .
• Ukumhlophe kwesikhumba (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokulimala kwezicubu).

Ingabe zikhona izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni?

Yebo, ezinye izici zingandisa le ngozi kancane. Kodwa abasebenzi bezokwelapha bayazazi lezi zici eziyingozi, ngakho-ke bathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa le ngozi.

• Kulabo abanemithambo emincane noma ebuthakathaka .
• Kulabo abanemithambo yegazi eqhuma ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile .
• Kubantu abanemithambo yegazi eqine noma eqinile ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza.
• Kulabo abanemithambo yegazi ehambahambayo lapho bezama ukufaka i-IV.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu 'kukhungatheka'?

Abasebenzi bezokwelapha abanikeza imithi yomdlavuza bakwenza kube yinto eza kuqala ukuvimbela lokhu 'kukhukhumala'. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka, ngeshwa, baqeqeshwe futhi ukuxazulula ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinkinga ezivelayo. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo abavame ukuzithatha:

• Umuthi osebenzisa i-IV uzomiswa ngokushesha.
• Kangangokunokwenzeka, susa noma yimiphi imithi echithekile endaweni.
• I-IV iyasuswa bese ilahlwa.
• Ingalo ethintekile iphakeme kancane (iphakanyisiwe).
• Faka ukhilimu ukuze unciphise izimpawu.
• Kusetshenziswa ama-cold compress. Ama-cold compress anciphisa ubuhlungu. Aphinde anciphise imithambo yegazi, okunciphisa ukusabalala kwanoma yimuphi umuthi osele.
• Kwezinye izimo , kusetshenziswa ama-compress afudumele.Ukucindezela okufudumele kwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi, okungasiza ekususeni noma ekunciphiseni inani lemithi ezungeze indawo yokungena kwe-IV. (Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi ukucindezela okufudumele noma okubandayo kufanelekile.)

Kwenzekani ngemva 'kokuxoshwa ngokweqile'?

Kungahluka kuye ngesimo sakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwelapha izinkinga ezibangelwa ukukhishwa kwesikhumba. Ngemva kwalokho, bazoqapha isimo sakho ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ezintsha ezikhulayo noma ukuthi isimo siba sibi kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa ngokusebenzisa indawo ehlukile ye-IV. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uhlehlise ukwelashwa izinsuku ezimbalwa uze ululame. Kodwa-ke, bazokunikeza imiyalelo eningiliziwe yokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya. Isibonelo:

• Ngemva kokukhipha i-extravasation, ungase ucelwe ukuthi ufake ama-compress abandayo noma ashisayo esandleni sakho okungenani usuku (cishe imizuzu eyi-15-20, izikhathi ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku). Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngqo ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.
• Ungabatshela ukuthi bagcine isandla esithintekile siphakeme .

Ngizokwazi yini ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa?

Kuye futhi ngesimo sakho. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi bangaqhubeka nokwelashwa . Ngezinye izikhathi, i-IV ingashintshwa futhi ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha ngemva kokukhishwa kwesikhumba. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kungahlehliswa kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zokukhishwa kwesikhumba seziphelile ngokuphelele.

Kufanele ngimazise nini udokotela?

Uma izimpawu zokukhishwa kwesisu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindelekile, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho .

Ngamafuphi, nazi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya):

Manje usuyazi ukuthi igama elithi 'extravasation' linezincazelo ezimbili. Enye inqubo yemvelo esetshenziswa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukusabalala emzimbeni wonke. Enye yisimo sezokwelapha esingase senzeke lapho imithi ye-chemotherapy iphuma ku-IV.

Okubalulekile, le nkinga ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-extravasation' ayivamile ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuyivimbela nokuyiphatha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Uma uzonikezwa i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngalokho ongakulindela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi evamile. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma ubona okuthile okuhlukile, ungathola ukuthi kuyinto evamile noma into okudingeka uyibike ngokushesha. Ungakhathazeki, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lilapha ukuzokusiza.

Ukukhipha uketshezi emzimbeni, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuvuza kwe-IV, ukuvuza kwemithi emthanjeni, ukusabalala komdlavuza, ukufuduka kwamaseli