Ingabe ubulokhu ukhwehlela futhi une-phlegm izinsuku ezimbalwa? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ukuthi wenze 'isiko le-sputum'. Ungase wesabe kancane futhi ukhathazeke uma uzwa lelo gama. Liyini ngempela isiko le-sputum? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Okokuqala, ake sibone, kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kokukhuliswa kwesikhwehlela?
Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwesikhohlela kuwukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhlola amagciwane noma amanye amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka emaphashini akho noma endleleni yokuphefumula.
Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa lolu vivinyo ukuhlonza abantu abanezifo zokuphefumula ezingatheni kangako, njenge-pneumonia nesifo sofuba, nokulandelela isimo sabo.
Okubalulekile, lokhu kuhlolwa akuvamile ukwenziwa uma kusolwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane, kodwa kuphela uma kusolwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngesikhunta .
Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini ukuthi 'isikhwehlela'?
I-phlegm iyi-mucus ejiyile eqoqana ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Sivame ukuyibiza ngokuthi 'i-sputum'. Ungaba nalolu hlobo lwe-mucus ngenxa yezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nokutheleleka emaphashini akho noma endleleni yokuphefumula.
Lokhu kuhlukile kumathe emlonyeni wakho. I-mucus iqukethe amaseli avela ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela. Lawa maseli alwa namagciwane angene emaphashini. I-mucus ijiyile, ngakho amagciwane ayanamathela kuyo bese ebhajwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, izakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele (cilia) emigudwini yethu yomoya zisunduza le-mucus phezulu nangaphakathi emlonyeni wethu. Singabe sesiyikhwehlela bese siyikhipha.
Kungani udokotela angancoma lokhu kuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela?
Lolu vivinyo lunezinhloso eziningana eziyinhloko.
1. Yenza ukuxilongwa
Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi unesifo emaphashini akho nasendleleni yokuphefumula, futhi uma kunjalo, yiliphi igciwane elisibangelayo. Ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko ezingabonakala ngalolu vivinyo yilezi:
- I-pneumonia: Lokhu ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu.
- Isifo Sofuba (TB): Lesi futhi isifo samaphaphu esibangelwa yibhaktheriya ethile. Uma singelashwa kahle, singasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- I-Bronchiectasis: Lesi yisimo lapho imigudu yomoya iba mincane khona futhi ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kwehla.
2. Hlela ukwelashwa
Uma usuwazi kahle ukuthi yiliphi igciwane elibangela ukutheleleka, udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu .Khetha. Okusho ukuthi, kusiza kakhulu ekukhetheni umuthi olwa namagciwane ongabulala lelo gciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuhlolwa kungakusiza futhi ukuthi ubone ukuthi iyiphi i-antibiotic efaneleka kakhulu kulelo gciwane futhi ingalibulala (ukuhlolwa kokuzwela).
3. Qapha isimo sesifo
Lokhu kuhlolwa kukusiza futhi ukuthi ubone ukuthi isimo sakho siya ngokuba ngcono noma siba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungabona ukuthi imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezile iyasebenza noma cha.
Ngidinga nini ukuhlolwa kwe-smear?
Udokotela wakho angase acele lokhu kuhlolwa uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu, njenge-pneumonia.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukukhwehlela okune-mucus | Akusikho ukukhwehlela okomile okuvamile, kodwa uma ukhwehlela, uthola uketshezi olujiyile. |
| Ukuba nomkhuhlane noma ukubanda | Ukushisa komzimba okwenyukayo noma ukuthuthumela. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea) | Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi uphelelwa umoya. |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba | Isifuba sami sibuhlungu uma ngiphefumula kakhulu noma ngikhwehlela. |
| Ukukhathala okukhulu komzimba | Ukuzizwa ungenamandla kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho. |
| Ukudideka | Ukulahlekelwa umbono ocacile ngalokho okwenzekayo nokuthi ukuphi. |
Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzoqala enze i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan. Uma kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukutheleleka, njenge-pneumonia, bazoyala ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela ukuze bathole ukuthi yiliphi ngempela igciwane elibangela lokhu.
Ulwenza kanjani lolu vivinyo?
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola isampula yesikhwehlela.
1. Indlela yesampula yesikhwehlela sokufuthwa okujulile
Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, engahlaseli.
- Okokuqala, uzocelwa ukuthi ugeze umlomo wakho ngamanzi.
- Ube esengitshela ukuthi ngiphefumule kancane.
- Okulandelayo, i-mucus ekhishwa kakhulu ngaphakathi esifubeni kufanele ifakwe enkomishini encane ekhethekile elungiselelwe leyo njongo.
- Kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze lokhu izikhathi eziningana ukuze uthole umuthi owanele.
Abanye abantu banenkinga yokususa amafinyila. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela noma umhlengikazi angase athinte isifuba sakho kancane ukuze asize ekukhululeni amafinyila. Noma, bangase bakuphefumulise inkungu enosawoti esiza ukususa amafinyila.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bronchoscopy
Uma kungenzeki ukuthola isampula yesikhwehlela kusetshenziswa indlela eshiwo ngenhla, udokotela angase asebenzise le ndlela.
- Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera exhunywe ngekhala noma emlonyeni wakho iye emaphashini akho, uthathe isampula ye-mucus ngqo kusuka endleleni yakho yokuphefumula.
- Ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwenziwe, uzonikezwa imithi yokukuphumuza, futhi indawo izobe ingasasebenzi kahle ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu . Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwesaba.
Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
Indlela ozilungiselela ngayo izoncika endleleni esetshenzisiwe ukuthola isampula yesikhwehlela.
| Indlela | Indlela yokulungiselela |
|---|---|
| Indlela yokunikeza i-Kahala sema |
|
| I-Bronchoscopy |
|
Ithini imiphumela?
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela ingafika ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- Okuvamile / Okubi: Lokhu kusho ukuthi awekho amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane ayingozi atholakale kusampula yakho yesikhwehlela.
- Okungavamile / Okuhle: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kutholakale igciwane noma elinye igciwane kusampula yakho yesikhwehlela. Umbiko uzophinde usho ukuthi liluhlobo luni lwegciwane nokuthi mangaki akhona.
Kodwa khumbula kahle lokhu. Ukuthi nje uthola umbiko omuhle, akusho ukuthi kuyisifo esibi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela zonke izimpawu zakho kanye neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa bese enza ukuxilongwa okufanele. Ngakho-ke ungesabi futhi wenze izinqumo ngokusekelwe embikweni kuphela.
Njengoba ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi amagciwane akhule, kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi umbiko ufike. Uma imiphumela isifikile, udokotela uzokufonela akuchazele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukukhula kwe-sputum kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu futhi evamile yokuhlola amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
- Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokukhwehlela okujulile bese kuthathwa isampula ye-mucus. I-bronchoscopy yenziwa kuphela uma lokho kungenzeki.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa akunazo izingozi ezinkulu, ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokwesaba.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphumela wombiko uthini, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze akucacisele kahle. Ungesabi ngokungadingekile ngalokho okufundayo ku-inthanethi.
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