Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi "Stem Cell". Kukhulunywa kakhulu ngalokhu njengesixazululo esingaba khona ezifweni eziningi ezisanzima ukuzelapha, njengesifo sikashukela, isifo sikaParkinson, kanye nokukhubazeka. Ngakho ake sibheke ukuthi lawa maseli okuqala ayini ngempela, ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo angasinika zona, nokuthi kungani kunempikiswano enkulu kangaka ngawo emhlabeni.
Ayini la ma-stem cell?
Kalula nje, iseli eliyinhloko lifana nesigaxa sobumba esingenasimo. Singathatha lesi sigaxa sobumba bese silubumba sibe yinoma yini esiyifunayo, njengevazi noma isithombe. Yileyo ndlela la maseli ayinhloko angaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli elikhethekile emzimbeni wethu. Lawa “amangqamuzana ayinhloko” emzimbeni wethu.
Okusho ukuthi, lolu hlobo olufanayo lweseli eliyinhloko, kuye ngesidingo, lungaphenduka lube yiseli lesikhumba , iseli lemisipha yenhliziyo , iseli lemizwa yobuchopho , noma iseli elikhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas . Kungenxa yaleli khono elimangalisayo ukuthi ososayensi banethemba elikhulu ngalokhu.
Siwatholaphi la maseli?
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola amaseli okuqala.
1. Emzimbeni womuntu omdala: Kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu, isibonelo, emnkantsheni wamathambo , kunezinombolo ezincane zala maseli okuqala. Lawa adala izinto ezifana namangqamuzana amasha egazi. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi amaseli okuqala abantu abadala.
2. Kuma-Embryos: Lena yindlela ekhulunywa kakhulu futhi ephikisanayo. Okusho ukuthi, lawa maseli atholakala ku-embryo, okuyisigaba sokuqala sokuphila komuntu. Lawa avame ukuthathwa kuma-embryos azosuswa emibhangqwaneni ethola ukwelashwa kwe -in vitro fertilization (IVF) , ngemvume yayo.
Ngokuvamile, lapho umbhangqwana ofuna ukuba nezingane udlula ekwelashweni kwe-IVF, kwakheka ama-embryo amaningi ukuze kwandiswe izinga lempumelelo. Ngemva kokuba eyodwa noma ezimbili zazo zifakwe esibelethweni sikamama, ama-embryo asele ngezinye izikhathi ayabhujiswa. Emazweni amaningi, ama-embryo abengalahlwa noma kunjalo avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kulolu cwaningo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ezimangalisayo zalobu buchwepheshe?
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo esingazithola kula maseli amangalisayo. Cabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana engxenyeni yomzimba wethu afile ngenxa yesifo. Kuthiwani uma singawashintsha lawo maseli afile ngamaseli amasha, anempilo bese siwafaka kuleyo ndawo? Yilowo umgomo oyinhloko wocwaningo lwamaseli okuqala.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Isixazululo esinganikezwa amaseli okuqala |
|---|---|
| Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus) | Isifo sikashukela senzeka lapho amaseli ase-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin ebhujiswa. Esikhundleni salokho, amaseli amasha akhiqiza i-insulin angadalwa elabhorethri bese efakwa emzimbeni. |
| Isifo sikaParkinson | Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukufa kwamangqamuzana ebuchosheni akhiqiza ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine. Esikhundleni salokho, amangqamuzana amasha akhiqiza i-dopamine angadalwa futhi afakwe ebuchosheni. |
| Ukukhubazeka | Kungenzeka ukuzama ukubuyisela ukusebenza okulahlekile ngokuvuselela amangqamuzana ezinzwa alimele engozini. |
| Isifo senhliziyo | Lawa maseli angasetshenziswa ukuvuselela izingxenye zemisipha yenhliziyo ezilimele ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. |
Kodwa... kunenkinga enkulu yokuziphatha ngalokhu.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buhle kangakanani, kunempikiswano enkulu kanye nempikiswano ezungeze umqondo wokuthola la maseli kuma-embryo. Kunemibono emibili eyinhloko ngalokhu.
Olunye uhlangothi luthi lokhu kungasindisa izinkulungwane zezimpilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kusebenzisa ama-embryo abezobhujiswa ngaphandle kwalokho. Ososayensi nabacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho olubi ngokwenza okuhle kubantu. Bakubona lokhu njengethuluzi lesayensi elingasindisa izimpilo.
Kodwa olunye uhlangothi , ikakhulukazi amaqembu enkolo kanye nalabo abakhathazeke kakhulu ngokuziphatha, baxoxa indaba ehluke ngokuphelele. Impikiswano yabo iwukuthi umbungu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mncane kangakanani, uyisiqalo sokuphila komuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukubhubhisa lokho kuphila ngenxa yocwaningo akulungile. Ngokusho kwabo, lokhu kudala "izimpilo zabantu ezilahliwe."
Kalula nje, umbuzo wabo uwukuthi, 'Ingabe kulungile yini ukubhubhisa omunye umuntu (ngisho nombungu) ukuze kusindiswe umuntu oyedwa?'
Isimo kanye nekusasa lomhlaba
Ngenxa yale mpikiswano, amanye amazwe abeke imithetho eqinile kulolu cwaningo. Amanye amazwe, njengeNgilandi, avumele lolu cwaningo ukuthi luqhubeke nemingcele. Lokhu kuvame ukushiya abacwaningi bengabaza. Ngoba ucwaningo olwenziwa ngezindleko ezinkulu lungaphela ngokuzumayo ngenxa yesinqumo sezepolitiki.
Kodwa iziguli nemindeni yazo ehlushwa izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye ne-Parkinson's zinethemba elikhulu lokuthi lolu cwaningo luzoqhubeka ngokushesha. Yingakho behlala bephakamisa amazwi abo ukusekela lolu cwaningo.
Lokhu kumane nje kuyincazelo yendlela ethile. Siphinde sikukhumbuze ukuthi uhlale ukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho nganoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha ongase ube naso.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-stem awuhlobo olukhethekile lweseli eliyisisekelo elingaba yinoma yiliphi iseli emzimbeni wethu.
- Kunethemba elikhulu lokuthi lezi zizokwazi ukwelapha izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nokukhubazeka.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kutholakala kuma-embryo, kukhona impikiswano enkulu yokuziphatha phakathi kwalabo abakubheka 'njengokubhubhisa impilo yomuntu' nalabo abakubheka 'njengokwenza okuhle nge-embryo elahliwe'.
- Lesi yisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwentuthuko yesayensi nokuziphatha kwabantu kuyinselele enkulu yesikhathi esizayo.
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