Njengoba nje umuntu ongaboni kahle ekwazi ukubona umhlaba ngokucacile uma egqoke izibuko, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, imithi ye-ADHD ingasiza abantu abane-ADHD ukuba bagxilise imicabango yabo, ibavimbele ekuphazamisekeni yizinto ezingadingekile, futhi balawule ukuziphatha kwabo. Le mithi ayikwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele i-ADHD, kodwa ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi izisize zisebenze kahle kakhulu ngenkathi zithatha imithi.
Okokuqala, iyini i-ADHD?
Kalula nje, i-ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) iyisifo esivame kakhulu sokukhula kwemizwa. Izingane ezinalesi simo zingase zibe matasa kakhulu, zibonise ukuziphatha okungazelelwe, futhi zibe nobunzima bokunaka, ukulandela imiyalelo, nokuqeda imisebenzi.
Izimpawu ze-ADHD eziqala ebuntwaneni zivame ukuqhubeka zize zibe ngabantu abadala. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi kufika ku-90% wezimpawu zobuntwana ziyaqhubeka zize zibe ngabantu abadala. Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abaqapheli ngisho nokuthi bane-ADHD kuze kube yilapho sebekhulile.
Abantu abadala abane-ADHD bangase babe nobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo, ukukhumbula ulwazi, ukuhlala begxile, nokuhlela imisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu kubantu abadala zingase zibukeke zihlukile kancane kunezimpawu ezinganeni. Isibonelo, ukusebenza ngokweqile enganeni kungabonakala njengokungaphumuli okukhulu kumuntu omdala.
Kwenzekani ngempela ngemithi ye-ADHD?
Imithi ye-ADHD isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngohlobo lwemithi enikezwa yona. Kodwa cishe yonke imithi ye-ADHD isebenza ngokwandisa amazinga amakhemikhali abalulekile (ama-neurotransmitter) ebuchosheni bethu. Amakhemikhali abaluleke kakhulu kulawa yi-dopamine kanye ne-norepinephrine.
Njengoba la mazinga enyuka, izimpawu ze-ADHD ziqala ukulawula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:
- Isikhathi ongagxila kuso entweni eyodwa siyanda.
- Umsebenzi oweqile uyancipha.
- Ukuziphatha okungahleliwe kuyalawulwa.
- Ikhono lokuhlela nokuhlela imisebenzi yansuku zonke (ukungasebenzi kahle kokuphatha) liyathuthuka.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi imithi ye-ADHD ayisebenzi ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Okusebenza kumuntu oyedwa kungase kungasebenzi kuwe noma enganeni yakho. Ngakho-ke ungacabangi ukuthi imithi yokuqala oqala ngayo yiyona efanele. Ingase ingasebenzi, noma ingaba nemiphumela emibi ecasulayo. Noma noma imithi ilungile, umthamo ungadinga ukushintshwa.
Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo wena noma ingane yakho, kanye nokuthi uphuza i-caffeine engakanani ngosuku, njengekhofi.Ngoba ukuphuza imithi ethile ndawonye kungaba nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni.
Udokotela wakho angase azame imithi ehlukene kanye nemithamo ehlukene aze athole imithi efanele kanye nomthamo wakho noma wengane yakho. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uzokuqapha futhi alungise umthamo ukuze athole ibhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kwezinzuzo zomuthi kanye nemiphumela emibi. Uma umuthi kanye nomthamo ofanele sekutholakale, abantu abaningi abane-ADHD bayakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo kahle.
Yimiphi imithi ye-ADHD?
I-ADHD iphathwa kakhulu ngezikhuthazi kanye nezingezona izikhuthazi. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi yokucindezeleka inganikezwa futhi.
Izikhuthazi
Lena imithi evame kakhulu ukunikezwa ye-ADHD. Naphezu kwegama elithi "ama-stimulant," empeleni awakwenzi uzizwe uqaphile. Empeleni andisa amazinga e-dopamine ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni bakho. Lawa makhemikhali abalulekile ekunakeni kwakho, ikhono lokucabanga, kanye nogqozi. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi cishe ama-80% ezingane ezine-ADHD zithola ukwehla kwezimpawu uma zithola imithi ekhuthazayo efanele kanye nomthamo.
Le mithi ibhekwa njengezinto ezilawulwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inamandla okusebenzisa kabi noma ukulutha. Kodwa-ke, iphephile kakhulu uma ithathwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Ngaphambi kokukunikeza umuthi, udokotela wakho angase enze ne-EKG ukuhlola noma yiziphi izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo ezingakatholakali.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezikhuthazi:
- Ukukhululwa ngokushesha/ukusebenza okwesikhashana: Lokhu kuvame ukuthathwa njengoba kudingeka. Kuhlala cishe amahora ama-4. Lapho imiphumela yalolu hlobo lwemithi iphela, abanye abantu baba "nomphumela wokuphahlazeka" noma "wokubuyela emuva." Lokhu kusho ukuthi balahlekelwa amandla ngokuzumayo, bazizwe belambile kakhulu, kanti abanye abantu baba nokwehla kwemizwa ngokuzumayo.
- Ukukhululwa isikhathi eside/okusebenza isikhathi eside: Lokhu kuvame ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku ekuseni. Eminye isebenza amahora angu-6-8, kanti eminye ingahlala amahora afinyelela kwangu-16. Le mithi inciphisa ukuphakama nokwehla kwamandla kanye nesimo sengqondo usuku lonke. Lokhu kunciphisa nesidingo somthamo owengeziwe esikoleni noma emsebenzini.
Izinto ezingezona ezikhuthazayo
Lezi futhi ziyimithi kadokotela, kodwa azizona izinto ezilawulwayo njengezivuselelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuncane ingozi yokuba umlutha noma ukusetshenziswa kabi. Zisebenza kakhulu ngokwandisa izinga le-norepinephrine ebuchosheni.
Le mithi ithatha isikhathi eside ukuqala ukusebenza kunezivuselelayo. Udinga ukuthatha umuthi njalo okungenani amasonto ama-3-4 ukuze uzwe imiphumela ephelele.Kodwa lokhu kungalawula nokunaka kwakho, ukusebenzisana, kanye namandla akho okuzimisela. Kungasebenza amahora afinyelela kwangu-24.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela engase anikeze lolu hlobo lomuthi:
- Uma imithi evuselelayo ingasebenzi.
- Uma ubhekene nemiphumela emibi engabekezeleleki evela ezikhuthazweni.
- Uma ufuna ukwandisa imiphumela, yinikeze kanye nezikhuthazi.
Imithi yokucindezeleka
Lena akuyona imithi evunyelwe ngqo ukwelapha i-ADHD. Kodwa-ke, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bayinikeza yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nezikhuthazi ze-ADHD. Imithi yokucindezeleka ye-ADHD nayo ithinta amazinga e-dopamine kanye ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni.
Ingabe imithi ye-ADHD inemiphumela emibi?
Yebo, nakanjani. Imiphumela emibi ingase ivele uma uqala ukuthatha umuthi. Kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana futhi akukubi kakhulu. Kuzophela ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Kodwa akuvamile ukuba kube kubi noma kuqhubeke.
Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yile:
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla: Lokhu kuthinta cishe abantu abangu-80% abathatha izikhuthazi.
- Ukwehlisa isisindo: Lokhu kungalawulwa ngokuthatha umuthi ngemva kokudla noma ngokufaka izinto ezifana nama-protein shake ekudleni kwakho.
- Ubunzima bokulala: Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ubunzima bokulala nokuvuka njalo. Ukushintsha isikhathi sosuku ophuza ngaso imithi yakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni lokhu ngezinga elikhulu.
Eminye imiphumela emibi:
- Umphumela wokubuyela emuva: Umuzwa wesikhashana wokukhathala, ukucasuka okukhulu, noma ushintsho esimweni sengqondo njengoba umuthi uphela.
- Ukukhathazeka: Ukuqala okusha noma ukwanda kokukhathazeka.
- Ama-Tics: Ukunyakaza noma imisindo ephindaphindayo ngokuzumayo (isb., ukucwayiza kwamehlo, ukuhlanza umphimbo). Imithi ye-ADHD ayibangeli ama-tic, kodwa ingase ibonakale kakhulu kunangaphandle kwemithi.
- Ukungakhululeki esiswini: izinto ezifana nokucasuka nokuhlanza.
- Izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo: Eminye imithi ingabangela ukwenyuka okuncane komfutho wegazi. Isilinganiso senhliziyo singase sikhuphuke kancane. Lokhu ngokuvamile akulona ingozi, kodwa uma wena noma ingane yakho ninomlando wesifo senhliziyo , kufanele nakanjani nitshele udokotela wakho.
Uma le miphumela emibi ingapheli ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukuyilawula ngokushintsha umthamo noma isikhathi somuthi wakho, ukushintshela kumuthi osebenza isikhathi eside, noma ukuzama uhlobo oluhlukile lomuthi.
Ingabe i-ADHD ingalawulwa ngaphandle kwemithi?
Umugqa wokuqala wokwelashwa kwe-ADHD imithi.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi cishe u-80% wezingane uyaphumelela ngemithi. Kodwa mhlawumbe wesaba imiphumela emibi yemithi, noma ungathanda ukungayithathi imithi ngesinye isizathu.
Kwabaningi , ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kuyindlela enhle kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kuhilela ukufundisa nokuqinisa ukuziphatha okuhle nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafuneki nokubi.
- Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-6 ubudala: Kunconywa ukuthi abazali bathole ukuqeqeshwa ekuphatheni ukuziphatha. Ngale ndlela, abazali bangafunda izindlela namasu okusiza ingane yabo.
- Ngemva kweminyaka engu-6: Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kuyanconywa kanye nemithi. Isikole sengane naso siyingxenye ebalulekile yalolu hlelo lokwelashwa.
| Uhlobo lomuthi | Izibonelo ezivame ukusetshenziswa (Igama Elijwayelekile / Igama Lomkhiqizo) |
|---|---|
| Izikhuthazi | I-Methylphenidate (i-Ritalin, i-Concerta), i-Amphetamine (i-Adderall, i-Vyvanse) |
| Izinto ezingezona ezikhuthazayo | I-Atomoxetine (i-Strattera), i-Guanfacine (Intuniv) |
| Imithi yokucindezeleka (Kusetshenziswa kwezinye izimo) | I-Bupropion (i-Wellbutrin) |
Ngidinga ukuthatha lo muthi isikhathi esingakanani?
I-ADHD yisimo esihlala isikhathi eside esingenalo ikhambi. Ngakho-ke, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imithi yokulawula izimpawu zakho. Uma uthola imithi ekusebenzelayo futhi elawula izimpawu zakho, kungaba yinzuzo ukuyithatha impilo yakho yonke. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngalokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi ye-ADHD ifana nezibuko zamehlo. Isiza ubuchopho ukuthi bugxile futhi bugxilise imicabango yabo.
- Le mithi ilinganisela amakhemikhali obuchopho futhi ilawula ukunaka, ukulawula ukuziphatha, kanye nomsebenzi.
- Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola imithi efanele kanye nomthamo wakho noma wengane yakho. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho kulolu hambo.
- Imiphumela emibi ivamile, kodwa ivame ukuba yesikhashana. Ungakhathazeki ngayo, kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuyilawula.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Kanye nemithi, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphathwa kwe-ADHD.
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