Ukuthimula njalo, amehlo alumayo, isikhumba esilumayo... Le nkinga yokungezwani komzimba ayinamkhawulo, akunjalo? Uma uthatha umuthi, uyaphela isikhashana, kodwa bese ubuya futhi. Ukuthatha umuthi onjengalo impilo yakho yonke nakho kuyacasula kakhulu. Uke wezwa ngendlela yokuthola impumuzo yesikhathi eside ekungezwani komzimba okufana nalokhu? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'Imijovo Yokungezwani Komzimba'. Nakuba lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside, kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuqeda ukungezwani komzimba okuvamile.
Kalula nje, iyini imijovo yokungezwani komzimba?
Imijovo yokungezwani komzimba iwuchungechunge lwemijovo enikezwa isikhathi eside ekusiza ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ngokuphelele izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.
Cabanga nje, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela, lubona ngephutha izinto ezithile ezingenabungozi (njengothuli, impova, isibonelo) njengesitha esikhulu, bese sithola ukungezwani komzimba. Sibiza lezi zinto ngokuthi 'izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba' . Umjovo wokungezwani komzimba uqukethe inani elincane kakhulu laleyo nto ebangela ukungezwani komzimba onayo.
Kalula nje, kufana nokuqeqesha umzimba wakho. Kancane kancane, uqala ngamanani amancane kakhulu, wethula i-allergen emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho uyayeka ukusabela ku-allergen njengokungathi 'isitha' bese ufunda ukuyamukela njengento evamile. Ngamanye amazwi, uyayeka ukulwa nayo bese uba umngane wayo. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-allergen immunotherapy noma i-subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) .
Ingabe lo mjovo unganikezwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokungezwani komzimba?
Cha. Lokhu kwelashwa akufaneleki kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokungezwani komzimba. Kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko zokungezwani komzimba. Uzokuqonda kahle lokhu uma ubheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Izinhlobo zokungezwani komzimba ezingelashwa | Ukungezwani komzimba okungelapheki |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni: Lokhu kufaka phakathi uthuli, impova evela ezihlahleni notshani, uboya nesikhumba sezilwane ezifuywayo njengamakati nezinja, kanye nesikhunta. | Ukungezwani nokudla: Le ndlela ayisebenzi ekungezwani nokudla okufana nobisi, amaqanda, amakinati kanye nenhlanzi. |
| Ukungezwani komzimba okubangelwa yizinambuzane ezilumayo: Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekungezwani komzimba okukhulu, ikakhulukazi lokho okubangelwa ukuhlatshwa yizinyosi, iminyovu, kanye nezimpondo. | Ukungezwani nemithi: Lokhu akunikelwa kubantu abanokungezwani nemithi efana ne-penicillin. |
| Ukungezwani komzimba ne-latex: Le ndlela ayifaneleki nakubantu abanokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezifana namagilavu erabha. | |
| Okubalulekile: Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba okungelapheki ukukugwema ngangokunokwenzeka. | |
Kusebenza kanjani lokhu kwelashwa? Yiziphi izigaba?
Ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuze athole ukuthi yini ngempela ekwenza ungezwani nomzimba. Lokhu kungaba ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho imijovo izoqala khona. Lonke lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Isigaba sokwakheka kwesikhumba: Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uzothola umjovo kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Lokhu kuzothatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-10. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqala ngomthamo ophansi kakhulu we-allergen bese ukhulisa kancane kancane umthamo. Lokhu kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho umzimba wakho usujwayele.
2. Isigaba sokunakekela: Lesi sigaba siqala ngemva kokuba umzimba usujwayele i-allergen. Lapha, imvamisa yokujova iyancishiswa. Ngokuvamile, umjovo unikezwa cishe kanye ngenyanga . Lesi sigaba singase sithathe iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5, noma ngaphezulu.
Umjovo uvame ukunikezwa engalweni engenhla. Ngezinye izikhathi unganikezwa nasethangeni noma esinqeni.
Khumbula lokhu! Awukwazi ukuphuma ehhovisi ngemuva kokuthola umjovo. Kufanele uhlale lapho okungenani imizuzu engama-30. Uyazi ukuthi kungani? Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, ukusabela komjovo kungenzeka. Uma lokho kwenzeka, udokotela nabasebenzi bangayilapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphepha kwakho.
Yini engenzeka ngemva komjovo?
Ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nokusabela okuthile. Yingakho bethi linda imizuzu engama-30.
| Uhlobo lokusabela | Izimpawu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Ukusabela okuncane (okungenzeka kakhulu) |
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| Ukusabela okungathi sína (okungavamile kakhulu) | Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Uma kwenzeka into efana nale, ukunikezwa kwemithi ngokushesha njenge -EpiPen® (i-Epinephrine auto-injector) kungasindisa izimpilo. |
Gwema lezi zinto ngemva komjovo
Gwema ukuzivocavoca, ukugijima, noma ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo amahora amabili ngemva komjovo. Lezi zinto zandisa ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni, okungavumela ukuthi i-allergen esemjovweni isakazeke emzimbeni wonke ngokushesha. Kungase kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu, kodwa kusengumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela.
Ingabe zikhona izimo lapho lokhu kwelashwa kungafanele kuthathwe khona?
Yebo, kunezimo ezithile lapho kungafanele khona ukuthatha lo mjovo. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngalokhu.
- Uma unomkhuhlane (ongaphezu kwama-37.7 Celsius), umkhuhlane, noma isimo esifana nomkhuhlane, ungawutholi umjovo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uhlela kabusha isikhathi.
- Uma uhlaselwa yi-asthma ngokuzumayo, ukuthatha umjovo kungase kube kubi kakhulu izimpawu zakho ze-asthma.
- Uma uthatha uhlobo lomuthi olubizwa ngokuthi ama-beta-blockersKudingeka uqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu. Lena imithi evame ukunikezwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Uma uthatha le mithi, umjovo osindisa impilo obizwa ngokuthi i-epinephrine, onikezwa uma kwenzeka ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergy (anaphylaxis) okukhulunywe ngakho ekuqaleni, ungase ungasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, uma uthatha le mithi, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala imijovo ye-allergy.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubona imiphumela? Ingabe lokhu kuyasebenza?
Lokhu kuyinto edinga isineke esincane. Awukwazi ukumane unikeze umjovo namuhla bese ulindela ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba kwakho kube ngcono kusasa.
Iningi labantu liqala ukubona ukwehla kwezimpawu zabo phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-8 , futhi kungathatha isikhathi esingangonyaka ukubona imiphumela ephelele.
Yebo, lokhu kuvame ukuba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu. Cishe abantu abangu-80% abathola lokhu kwelashwa babona ukwehla okukhulu kwezimpawu zabo zokungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banganciphisa kakhulu noma bayeke ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa imithi. Futhi, cishe abantu abangu-60% abathola ukwelashwa iminyaka engu-3-5 bathola ukwelashwa impilo yabo yonke.
Abanye abantu bayayesaba izinaliti, akunjalo? Lokho sikubiza ngokuthi i-trypanophobia . Kodwa ungesabi, lo mjovo usebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu. Ngakho awuzizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, yazisa udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Uma izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba zingathuthuki noma ziba zimbi kakhulu ngemva kwezinyanga eziningana zokwelashwa.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile (isib. ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubunzima bokuphefumula) ngemva kokuthola umjovo, hamba uye ekhaya.
- Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuza ukuzojova ngosuku oluhleliwe, sicela usazise kusenesikhathi.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nalokhu kwelashwa.
Lokhu kwelashwa kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi. Kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukuthola ikhambi lesikhathi eside njengaleli kunokuhlushwa yi-allergies ngezikhathi ezithile. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe. Khuluma naye bese ukhetha ikhambi elingcono kakhulu lesimo sakho sokungezwani komzimba.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imijovo yokungezwani komzimba ayilona ikhambi elisheshayo, iyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside, ngakho-ke isineke sibaluleke kakhulu.
- Lokhu kwenzelwa ukujwayela kancane kancane umzimba wakho ukuthi uzwe i-allergen oyizwayo.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni nokungezwani komzimba okufana nothuli, impova, i-dander yezilwane, kanye nokulunywa yizinambuzane, kodwa akufaneleki ekulweni nokungezwani kokudla noma izidakamizwa.
- Kungathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka ukubona imiphumela, ngakho ungayeki phakathi.
- Ukuze uphephe, qiniseka ukuthi uhlala emtholampilo imizuzu engama-30 ngemva komjovo ngamunye.
- Nikeza udokotela wakho incazelo egcwele yanoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo (ikakhulukazi ama-beta-blocker) kanye nazo zonke izimo zakho zezokwelapha.
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