Sonke siyakwazi ukwesaba nokukhathazeka okuhambisana nokuzwa kudokotela ukuthi ilungu lomndeni noma umngane unesifo segazi esibi noma umdlavuza wegazi. Kodwa ngenxa yentuthuko kwezokwelapha namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinamandla ezingalapha izifo ezinjalo. Enye indlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant." Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi, ake sixoxe ngalokho okwenzekayo kulokhu kalula .
Kuyini ngempela ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic stem cell?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuhilela ukususa amaseli okuqala agulayo, angasebenzi kahle emzimbeni wakho bese uwafaka amaseli okuqala anempilo, ahambisanayo komunye umuntu (umnikeli).
Manje ake sichaze lokhu kakhudlwana.
- Amaseli Egazi: Singawabiza futhi lawa ngokuthi “omama bamaseli” ngoba lawa maseli afana nefektri eyenza wonke amanye amaseli egazi emzimbeni wethu (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet). Lawa maseli egazi atholakala kakhulu emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo.
- I-Allogeneic: Leli gama lisho ukuthi "okwamukelwe komunye umuntu." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenzisa amaseli avela kumnikeli onempilo nohambisanayo, hhayi owakho.
Cabanga ukuthi umongo wethu wamathambo ufana nensimu evundile enenhlabathi enhle. Kukule nsimu lapho amangqamuzana ethu egazi akhula khona. Kodwa esifweni esifana ne-leukemia, le nsimu yonakala, bese kukhula ukhula (amangqamuzana omdlavuza) esikhundleni sezilimo ezinhle. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu kwelashwa, leyo nhlabathi eyonakele (umongo wamathambo onesifo) isuswa ngokuphelele bese ithathelwa indawo yinhlabathi entsha, enempilo, evundile (amangqamuzana okuqala omnikeli). Ngemuva kwalokho, amangqamuzana egazi anempilo aqala ukukhula kuleyo nhlabathi entsha.
Lokhu kwelashwa kunamandla kakhulu okungazelapha ngokuphelele ezinye izifo ezinkulu. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zehlulekile noma lapho isifo siphinde sibuya.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimo lokhu kwelashwa okusetshenziselwa zona?
Ivame ukusetshenziselwa izifo ezihlobene negazi kanye nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Nazi ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (YONKE) | Ama-lymphocyte, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elitholakala egazini nasemnkantsheni, aba amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | Umdlavuza wamaseli egazi akhula kusuka kumaseli okuqala e-myeloid. |
| I-Aplastic Anemia | Ukulimala komnkantsha kuvimbela umzimba ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana egazi amasha anele. |
| I-Lymphoma | Umdlavuza owenzeka ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. |
| Isifo se-Myelodysplastic | Ukukhiqizwa okungajwayelekile kwamaseli egazi anempilo emnkantsheni wethambo. |
| Isifo Se-Sickle Cell | Isifo esizuzwe njengefa lapho isimo samaseli abomvu egazi sishintsha khona futhi umsebenzi wawo uphazamiseka. |
Ulungiselela kanjani ukwelashwa?
Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enkulu, ithimba lezokwelapha lizokwenza izivivinyo eziningana kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukubekezelela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Izinto ezifana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) zenziwa ukuhlola amazinga amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.
- Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo: I- echocardiogram (ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kahle kangakanani) kanye ne- electrocardiogram (EKG) ukubona isigqi senhliziyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso .
- Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Bone Marrow: Uma unomdlavuza, kuthathwa isampula encane yomongo wethambo bese ihlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe uhlobo lwesifo kanye nengozi yokuphinda sivele.
Uma zonke lezi zivivinyo seziqediwe futhi sekutholakale ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekile, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-pre-transplant conditioning," iyaqala. Lokhu kuhilela ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe emzimbeni wonke. Lesi kungaba isikhathi esinzima. Kodwa kubalulekile.
Kungani lokhu kwelashwa kwangaphambi kokwelashwa kubaluleke kangaka?
- Kubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele emzimbeni wakho.
- Isusa amangqamuzana amadala, anesifo emnkantsheni wakho futhi ivule isikhala samangqamuzana amasha okukhula.
- Kwenza umzimba wakho ube buthaka okwesikhashana. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimba umzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni nasekulahleni amaseli asanda kunikelwa.
Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela isonto elilodwa noma amabili ukuze uthole lokhu kwelashwa.
Kwenzekani ngosuku lokufakelwa kweseli?
Inqubo yokufakelwa kwamangqamuzana empeleni ilula kakhulu futhi ayibuhlungu , njengokunikela ngegazi.
Ithimba lezokwelapha lizofaka ipayipi elikhethekile emthanjeni omkhulu esifubeni sakho esingaphezulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Central Venous Catheter (CVC) . Isikhwama esiqukethe amaseli okuqala aphilile avela kumnikeli sixhunywe kule payipi. Amaseli abe esefakwa kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho, ngegazi lakho, kanye nomnkantsha wakho, njengesixazululo se-saline.
Le nqubo ithatha cishe imizuzu engama-30 kuya ehoreni. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizohlala eduze kwakho futhi liqaphe umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi emincane.
- Ukuzizwa ubanda
- Ubunzima obuncane bokuphefumula
- Umkhuhlane
Kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile akukubi kangako.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa?
Isikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu sokululama siqala ngemva kokufakelwa i-stem cell. Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela noma eduze kwaso amasonto ambalwa engeziwe.
- Ukulawulwa kwamasosha omzimba: Uzoqhubeka nokunikezwa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ukuvimbela umzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana amasha nokuvimbela amangqamuzana amasha ekuhlaseleni umzimba wakho.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi amaseli okuqala amasha aqale ukusebenza futhi akhe amaseli abomvu nama-platelet amasha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ungase udinge ukumpontshelwa igazi.
- Ukuvikelwa ezifweni: Amasosha omzimba wakho abuthakathaka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke kugxilwa kakhulu ekuzivikeleni ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane.
Inqubo lapho amangqamuzana amasha eya khona emnkantsheni, ahlale lapho, bese eqala ukwenza amangqamuzana amasha egazi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-engraftment." Lokhu kungathatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-14.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngokuphelele?
Lena inqubo ende. Kungathatha iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu ukululama ngokuphelele. Kungathatha cishe unyaka ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho alulame.
Ingozi ekhethekile okufanele uyiqaphele: Isifo Sokuxhunyelelwa Kwegciwane (GVHD)
Lena inkinga evame kakhulu yokufakelwa i-allogeneic. Kalula nje, kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana amasha omzimba avela kumuntu onikelayo (i-graft) ehlasela amangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba wakho (umnikazi) . Kufana "nesivakashi esihlasela umnikazi."
Lokhu kungaba kuncane noma kube nzima. Yingakho imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba inikezwa njalo. Kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu izimpawu zalesi simo.
Izimpawu okufanele zibikwe kudokotela wakho ngokushesha
Uma ubuyela ekhaya ngemva kokwelashwa, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngezimpawu ezithile. Uma kuvela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, shayela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izici okufanele uziqaphele |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zesifo se-Graft vs. Host (GVHD) zingafaka: | |
| Isisu | Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo (ukuqunjelwa) |
| Isikhumba namehlo | Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba okulumayo, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye/noma amehlo (i-jaundice) |
| Kungaba izimpawu zokutheleleka | |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | Umkhuhlane ongama-38 Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu, ukubanda |
| Uhlelo lokuphefumula | Ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, ubunzima bokuphefumula |
| Ezinye izici | Ukujuluka, isidingo sokuchama njalo, noma ukushisa lapho uchama |
Umehluko phakathi kokufakelwa kwe-"allogeneic" kanye ne-"autologous"
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nangokufakwa kweseli le-stem le -autologous . Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili umthombo wamangqamuzana.
- I-Allogeneic: Amaseli atholakala komunye umuntu (umnikeli).
- I-Autologous: Amaseli athathwa esigulini . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli okuqala aphilile esiguli aqoqwa kuqala bese ebuyiselwa kuwo ngemuva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic kungazelapha ngokuphelele ezinye izifo ezisongela ukuphila. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kufakelwa okusindisa impilo kwenziwa ngabanikeli abangaziwa esingakaze sibabone. Ngezinye izikhathi, amalungu omndeni aba ngabanikeli. Nakuba kunezingozi kulokhu kwelashwa, izinzuzo nazo ziphakeme kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu futhi akusize wenze isinqumo esikulungele wena.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic stem cell ukufaka esikhundleni somongo wethambo onesifo ngamaseli okuqala avela kumnikeli onempilo.
- Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enamandla esetshenziselwa izifo zegazi ezinzima njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kanye ne-aplastic anemia.
- Kubalulekile ukulungiselela umzimba nge-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
- Inkinga eyinhloko engenzeka ngemva kokwelashwa yi-Graft vs. Host Disease (GVHD), futhi kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka njalo.
- Lena inqubo ende yokuphulukisa, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho noma ithimba lezokwelapha ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izinkinga.
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