Uke walunywa yi-tick? Funda nge-Anaplasmosis!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uzizwe ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane ngemva kokuhamba ehlathini, noma ngemva kokusebenza noma ukudlala engadini. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezinjengalezi zingenzeka ngokungalindelekile, konke ngenxa yesikhunta esincane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esithwalwa yisikhunta okufanele usiqaphele. Leso yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaplasmosis.

Kuyini i-Anaplasmosis?

Kalula nje, i-aplasmosis iwukutheleleka ngamagciwane . Amagciwane ayibangelayo abizwa ngokuthi `(Anaplasma phagocytophilum)`. Ingena emizimbeni yethu lapho silunywa yi-tick ethelelekile. Iqala ngezimpawu ezincane njengomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda, kodwa uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi `(human granulocytic anaplasmosis - HGA)`.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Emazweni afana neMelika, kubikwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ku-5,000 kuya ku-6,000 bahlushwa yilesi sifo minyaka yonke. Nakuba singase senzeke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, sivame kakhulu ezinyangeni zikaJuni, uJulayi, u-Okthoba, noNovemba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-blacklegged tick iyasebenza kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Njengoba i-tick ikhona nasezweni lethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Anaplasmosis?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zivame ukuqala ukuvela zingakapheli isonto noma amabili ngemva kokulunywa yizikhakhane. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:

• Kushisa kakhulu.
• Ukugodola
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukukhathala, ukukhathala
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba (lokhu akuvamile kakhulu)

Okubalulekile: Uma ubona lezi zimpawu bese ucabanga ukuthi, "Lokhu kumane nje kuyisifo somkhuhlane ovamile," bese ungaselaphi, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu, njengokulahlekelwa ukwazi kanye nokuquleka.

Kungani i-Anaplasmosis yenzeka?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imbangela enkulu yalokhu yibhaktheriya `(Anaplasma phagocytophilum)`. Leli bhaktheriya lingena emizimbeni yethu ngama-tick abizwa ngokuthi `(blacklegged ticks)` (abizwa nangokuthi ama-deer ticks) kanye `(western blacklegged ticks)`. Uma la ma-tick emunca igazi lezilwane ezifana nenyamazane, amagundane, izinkomo, namahhashi, uma lezo zilwane zithelelekile ngaleli bhaktheriya, nalo liyatheleleka. Bese kuthi, lapho lelo khithi lisiluma, i-bacteria ingena emizimbeni yethu.

Cabanga nje, umngane wakho, ake sithi uKasun, wahambahamba ehlathini eliseduze neNuwara Eliya. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, waba nomkhuhlane omkhulu, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Kwaba yilapho ebona udokotela kuphela lapho athola khona ukuthi unesifo se-anaplasmosis ngenxa yokulunywa yizimpukane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho uya emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinotshani obuningi.

Akuvamile kakhulu,Kubikwe ukuthi lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?

Noma ubani angathola i-anaplasmosis. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okugula kakhulu ngenxa yayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Isibonelo, abantu abane-HIV, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.
• Uma ukwelashwa kungafunwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala kwezimpawu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Anaplasmosis?

Uma kungelashwa ngokushesha, noma uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka, i-anaplasmosis ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) : Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphaphu ayayeka ukusebenza kahle.
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso (ukulimala kwezinso okukhulu)
• Ukopha kwangaphakathi (ukopha)
• Ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-meningoencephalitis)

Lezi zimo zingasongela impilo, yingakho sincoma ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha uma unezimpawu.

I-Anaplasmosis itholakala kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuxilonga i-anaplasmosis ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane kwesampula yegazi lakho noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi amagciwane akhule, udokotela wakho uvame ukunquma ukuthi uzoqala yini ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela itholakale.

Okwamanje, udokotela angafinyelela esiphethweni sokuqala ngokusekelwe kula maqiniso:

• Izimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wempilo.
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usanda kufika (phakathi kwamasonto amathathu edlule) endaweni lapho kungase kube khona amakhizane (ngisho noma ungakhumbuli ukulunywa yikhizane).
• Ukubalwa kwegazi nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kunganikeza imiphumela ngokushesha kunezakhi zofuzo zamagciwane, kodwa kungase kungabi nembile kangako.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zegazi ezikhethekile zalokhu?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okumbalwa kungaqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-anaplasmosis. Udokotela wakho uzothatha inxeba elincane engalweni yakho bese ethatha isampula yegazi, elizothunyelwa elabhorethri. Ilabhorethri ingenza ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele: Lokhu kuhlola inani lamaseli ahlukene egazini lakho uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elijwayelekile lomuntu ongenawo i-anaplasmosis.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR - Ukusabela kwe-Polymerase chain)`:Lokhu kuhlola kungathola ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu lezinto zofuzo zebhaktheriya (i-DNA noma i-RNA) kusampula yegazi.
• I-Serology: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi unama-antibodies yini ngokumelene namagciwane abangela i-anaplasmosis.
• Ukukhuliswa kwamagciwane: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lokhu kuhilela ukuzama ukukhulisa amagciwane avela kusampula yegazi.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Anaplasmosis?

Odokotela belapha i-anaplasmosis nge-antibiotic ebizwa ngokuthi i-doxycycline . Lokhu kuvame ukuthathwa izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha umuthi isikhathi sonke osinikwe udokotela wakho , futhi ungayeki ukuwuthatha ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zithuthuka.

Kwenzekani uma uthola lesi sifo? Ululama kanjani?

Ezimweni eziningi, uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu ziqala, ungalulama ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi ukugula kwakho kubucayi kangakanani, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa.

Uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 kusukela uqale ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukululama ngokuphelele. Ngakho ungakhathazeki.

Ingabe i-Anaplasmosis ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo, i-anaplasmosis ingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi izimpawu ezifana nokudinwa kanye nokukhathala zinyamalale ngokuphelele.

Iyini ingozi yokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo?

Izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-anaplasmosis licishe libe ngu-0.5%, okucishe kube umuntu oyedwa kubantu abangamakhulu amabili abathola lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, leli zinga lingaba phezulu kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Ungayigwema kanjani i-aplasmosis?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulokhu ukuzivikela ezinkingeni. Ungenza lezi zinto:

• Gcina utshani engadini bungadluli amasentimitha amahlanu.
• Uma uhamba ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, sebenzisa izindlela ezihlanziwe kuphela.
• Sebenzisa izifutho zezinambuzane eziqukethe i-DEET, ezixosha amakhizane. Noma sebenzisa olunye uketshezi oluvunyelwe ukuvikela amakhizane.
• Uma uya ehlathini noma ezindaweni ezinotshani, gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho ngangokunokwenzeka. Amahembe anemikhono emide, amabhulukwe amade, kanye namasokisi. Uma uvame ukuya ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona amakhaza, ungathenga nezingubo ezixosha amakhaza.
• Hlola umzimba wakho ukuthi awunazo yini izimpukane ngemva kokubuya ngaphandle. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola izindawo ongazinaki ngokuvamile, njengemibimbi yakho namakhwapha. Uma kungenzeka, cela omunye umuntu ukuthi ahlole izindawo ongaziboni (njengemhlane wakho, ikhanda).
• Buza udokotela wakho wezilwane ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ezifweni zama-tick. Futhi, hlola njalo ama-tick uma ephuma ngaphandle.
• Uma ubona umkhaza emzimbeni wakho, yazi kahle ukuthi ungawususa kanjani ngokuphephile bese wenza kanjalo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ulunywe yi-tick - noma uke waba sendaweni lapho kungase kube khona ama-tick - ​​futhi unezimpawu ze-anaplasmosis, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Futhi, uma ulunywe yikhikhi kodwa ungenazo izimpawu, kusengumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela. Nakuba ama-antibiotic ewodwa engeke avimbele i-anaplasmosis ukuthi ikhule, udokotela angakutshela okulandelayo:

• Ukuthi ama-antibiotic okuvimbela ayadingeka yini kwezinye izifo ezithwalwa yizimpukane.
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini noma omunye udokotela?

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinzima, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha:

• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-40 (103 Fahrenheit).
• Uma ukhwehlela igazi.
• Uma unenkinga enkulu yokuphefumula.
• Uma kukhona izinguquko engqondweni noma ekudidekeni.
• Uma unesifo sesisu esibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Uma unesifo sokuwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, kungaba usizo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kufanele ngiwusebenzise kanjani ngempela lo muthi?
• Yimiphi eminye imithi engingayithatha ukulawula izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma ukuba mandundu kwezimpawu ezikhona okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Ngingalindela ukululama ngokushesha kangakanani?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngikubone nini futhi?

Ingabe i-Anaplasmosis nesifo seLyme ziyinto efanayo?

Yebo, i-anaplasmosis nesifo se-Lyme yizifo ezimbili ezihlukene. Zombili zibangelwa amagciwane adluliselwa ngamakhizane. Kodwa-ke, isifo se-Lyme sibangelwa igciwane elibizwa nge-Borrelia burgdorferi, kanti i-anaplasmosis ibangelwa igciwane elibizwa nge-Anaplasma phagocytophilum.

Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba zingabonakala kwezinye izifo eziningi – eziningi zazo ezingabangelwa yizimpukane. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, lapho kungekho ezinye izifo ezisakazekayo, uma usanda kuba sendaweni lapho kukhona khona izimpukane futhi uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela. Uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo kanye nokwelashwa okudingayo, noma ukuthi kufanele yini uqaphele izimpawu zakho bese uzibona futhi.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

Ngakho-ke, cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi i-Anaplasmosis yisifo esithwalwa yizikhakhane esidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela ezikhakhaneni. Uma ungaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinehlathi noma ezinotshani, ungakhohlwa ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Uma unezimpawu, ungacabangi nje ukuthi "kungumkhuhlane ovamile," kodwa bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungakusiza ukwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu. Nakekela impilo yakho!

I- Anaplasmosis, imikhaza, umkhuhlane wamakhaza, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, umkhuhlane, izimpawu, ukuvimbela