Ingabe ivalvu yenhliziyo yakho ivaliwe? Ake sixoxe nge-(Aortic Stenosis)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma isiyezi? Noma ingabe uzizwa ubuthakathaka noma udidekile ngokuzumayo? Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuncipha kwelinye lama-valve abalulekile enhliziyweni yakho, i-aortic valve. Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-Aortic Stenosis. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuba nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Lokhu akuyona into ongayilinda, njengoba kungalimaza inhliziyo, kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube yingozi empilweni.

Ngakho-ke kuyini lokhu `(i-Aortic Stenosis)`?

Kalula nje, inhliziyo yethu ifana nendlu encane, inamakamelo amane. Phakathi kwala makamelo, lapho igazi liphuma khona enhliziyweni, kunezingxenye ezifana neminyango. Sibiza lawa ma-valve enhliziyo. Elinye lala ma-valve amane libizwa ngokuthi i-Aortic Valve. Leli yisango lokugcina lapho igazi lidlula khona lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke. Njengomgcini wesango, leli sango livumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa futhi livimbele ukuthi libuyele enhliziyweni. Leli Sango le-Aortic linama-flap amancane amathathu (amapheshana). Uma la ma-flap engavuli kahle futhi avaleke noma anciphe, khona-ke kuvela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Aortic Stenosis.

Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi elibhajwa phakathi futhi libe nobunzima bokukhipha amanzi. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa ngenkinga ngalo mnyango. Kodwa manje kunezindlela eziningi ezithuthukisiwe zokwelapha lesi simo , ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo (i-Aortic Stenosis)?

Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Aortic Stenosis)` empeleni sivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65. Kodwa ngokudabukisayo, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banalesi simo kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi sitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye isimo. Ezinye izifo zingadala lesi simo eminyakeni ephakathi, cishe eminyakeni engu-40-50. Akuvamile kakhulu, lesi `(Aortic Valve Stenosis)` singavela nasezinganeni ezincane njenge ``Congenital condition``.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-Aortic Stenosis ozoba nezimpawu ngokushesha. Abanye abantu bangase bangaboni lutho iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa uma isimo sibi kakhulu, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingase zivele:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu: Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi yakho evamile.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Ungase uzwe inhliziyo yakho ishaya, noma ungase uyizwe ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu, noma isifuba sakho singase sizizwe sengathi siyashaya. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ukushaya kwenhliziyo".
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze namaqakala: Izingxenye ezingezansi zemilenze kanye nezizungeze amaqakala zingase zivuvuke.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(i-Angina)`. Kungazwakala njengokucindezelwa, ukuqina, noma ukusinda esifubeni. Ngezinye izikhathi lobu buhlungu bungadlulela entanyeni, emhlathini, engalweni yesobunxele, noma ngisho naseceleni kwesisu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ungase ube nobunzima bokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma ukhathele kancane, noma ngisho nalapho uphumule.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu, ukuphelelwa yithemba: Ungase uzizwe unesizungu, amehlo akho angase abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ungase uphelelwe yithemba.

Khumbula, ukuthi nje unalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-Aortic Stenosis. Kodwa uma uqhubeka nokuba nazo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela . Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko angakuthumela kudokotela wenhliziyo.

Lesi sifo singaba sibi kangakanani ngokushesha?

Lokhu kuhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Kwabanye abantu, lokhu (i-Aortic Valve Stenosis) kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kancane kancane, eminyakeni edlule. Kwabanye, kungaba kubi kakhulu ngokushesha, ngisho nangezinyanga ezimbalwa. Into ebalulekile ukuthi, uma uphuza ukuthola ukwelashwa, ungase ungakwazi ukulungisa umonakalo enhliziyweni yakho. Uma une-`(Aortic Stenosis)` embi kakhulu, kunengozi yokufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Yingakho udokotela wakho ezokutshela ukuthi ungalibali ukwelashwa uma unezimpawu.

Kungani lokhu `(i-Aortic Stenosis)` kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko ezenza abantu abadala babe ne-Aortic Stenosis:

1. Ukuwohloka okuhlobene nokuguga: Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njenge-limescale emapayipini amanzi, i-calcium inganqwabelana ku-aortic valve yenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-valve iqine futhi ivaleke, okukuvimbela ukuthi ivuleke futhi ivaleke kahle. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka engu-65.

2. Umonakalo obangelwa ukutheleleka: Uma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingelashwa kahle, amabhaktheriya angangena egazini aye kuma-valve enhliziyo. Isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela singalimaza la ma-valve. Isibonelo, uma ukutheleleka komphimbo (Strep throat) noma i-Scarlet fever kungelashwa kahle, isifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Rheumatic fever singakhula futhi sonakalise ama-valve enhliziyo. Lo monakalo ungathatha iminyaka, ngezinye izikhathi amashumi eminyaka, ukuba ubonakale. Lokhu kuvame ukuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50.

3. Ezinye izifo ezizuzwe njengefa noma ezingamahlalakhona: Izifo ezingavamile ezifana `(Isifo sikaPaget sethambo)` (isifo esihlobene namathambo), ukwehluleka kwezinso (`Ukwehluleka kwezinso`) kanye `(I-Familial hypercholesterolemia)` (isimo se-cholesterol ephezulu esizuzwe njengefa) nazo zingabangela `(I-Aortic Valve Stenosis). Futhi, le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abanezifo zokuzivikela komzimba ezifana `(Lupus)` kanye `(I-Rheumatoid arthritis)`.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinto eziyingozi kulokhu?

Yebo, kunezinye izici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-`(Aortic Valve Stenosis):`

• Ukuba yindoda.
• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala.
• Ukwanda kwamazinga e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia).
• Ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi (njengogwayi, i-beedis).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yalokhu `(i-Aortic Stenosis)`?

Uma une-`(Aortic Stenosis)`, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze icindezele igazi kulowo mgodi onciphile. Kufana nokuzama ukuvula umnyango ovalelekile. Uma inhliziyo isebenza kanzima ngale ndlela, ingaba buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ( ukungakwazi kwenhliziyo ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni)
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu
• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (`i-Infective endocarditis`)

Kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu.

Odokotela bakubona kanjani lokhu?

Uma usola ukuthi une-Aortic Stenosis, udokotela wenhliziyo uzokuxilonga. Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho (uma zikhona) kanye nokuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzohlola imilenze namaqakala akho ukuthi avuvukele yini, bese elalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Uma une-aortic stenosis, ukububula kwenhliziyo kuyisibonakaliso esivamile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG (`I-Electrocardiogram - I-ECG noma i-EKG`): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba, i-Angiography, noma i-Cardiac CT scan: Konke lokhu kusebenzisa i-X-ray noma amanye amasu okubheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi inhliziyo namaphaphu.
• I-Echocardiogram: Lolu vivinyo oluyinhloko olusetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-aortic stenosis. Lusebenzisa amaza e-ultrasound ukubona ngokucacile ukuthi ama-valve enhliziyo asebenza kanjani, ukuthi avinjiwe yini, nokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca: Kulinganisa izinto ezifana nendlela inhliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo kanye noshintsho ku-ECG yakho ngenkathi ugijima ku-treadmill noma ugibela ibhayisikili.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane, elincane (i-catheter) emthanjeni ongalweni noma emlenzeni wakho bese elifaka enhliziyweni yakho ukuze alinganise ingcindezi kuma-valve akho futhi abone ukuthi aqine kangakanani.
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Insimu enamandla yamagnetic ingasetshenziswa ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi zenhliziyo.

Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzohlukanisa isimo sakho ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho nokuthi i-aortic valve yakho inciphile kangakanani. Ngokuvamile kunezigaba ezine: A, B, C, kanye no-D, kanti u-D uyisona esibi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha `(i-Aortic Stenosis)`?

Uma une-`(Aortic Stenosis)` kodwa ungenazo izimpawu, okusho ukuthi isimo asisibi kangako, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uze uzohlolwa njalo futhi wenze izivivinyo ze-`(Echocardiogram)`. Kodwa uma uba nezimpawu, uzodinga ukwelashwa. Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Imithi: Uma isimo singesibi kakhulu, odokotela bangase banikeze imithi yokulawula izimpawu. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi imithi yokunciphisa igazi, imithi yokukhipha isisu, kanye nemithi yokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Kodwa khumbula, imithi ilawula izimpawu kuphela; ayikwazi ukuvimba i-valve ukuthi ibe yimbi kakhulu.
• Ukulungiswa kwamavalvu: Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa noma inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-balloon valvuloplasty.
• Ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa (`ukuhlinzwa kwe-Aortic valve`): Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision esifubeni sakho bese eya ngqo kwi-valve yenhliziyo, aqede ukuvaleka, bese eyilungisa.
• I-valvuloplasty yebhaluni: Kule nqubo, ibhaluni elinepayipi elincane (i-catheter) elifakwe enhliziyweni liyafuthwa ngaphakathi kwevalvu encishisiwe, okwenza ivalvu inwebe. Lokhu kunganciphisa izimpawu okwesikhashana. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa kubantu abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni sevalvu, noma njengokukhululeka kwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukushintsha ivalvu: Uma ivalvu yonakele kakhulu ukuba ingalungiswa, kuzodingeka ishintshwe. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu:
• Ukuhlinzwa kokushintsha ivalvu yomthambo i-aorta: Ivalvu eyonakele iyasuswa bese ithathelwa indawo yivalvu entsha. Le valve entsha ingaba ngumnikeli womuntu (ngokuvamile umnikeli oshonile), ivalvu ye-bioprosthetic (ngokuvamile inkomo noma ingulube), noma ivalvu yemishini eyenziwe ngensimbi.
• Inqubo kaRoss: Lokhu kuyindlela ekhethekile yokuhlinzwa. Kulokhu, ivalvu yakho yamaphaphu iyathathwa bese itshalwa endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona ivalvu ye-aortic. Bese kufakwa ivalvu evela kumuntu onikelayo endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona ivalvu yamaphaphu.
• Ukufakwa Kwevalvu Ye-Aortic Ye-Transcatheter (i-TAVR noma i-TAVI): Lena inqubo entsha nethuthuke kakhulu. Kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, okusho ukuthi ivalvu ingashintshwa ngaphandle kokuvula isifuba. Ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) lifakwa ngomthambo omkhulu emlenzeni noma engalweni, bese ivalvu egoqiwe idluliselwa kuyo iye enhliziyweni, lapho iqiniswa khona ngaphakathi kwevalvu ye-aortic evalekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kubantu asebekhulile abangakwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlinzwa okukhulu.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela yokwelapha esetshenziswayo.

• Uma uhlinzwa:Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ululame. Ngokuvamile kufanele uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngisho nangemva kokuba usubuyele ekhaya, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa, mhlawumbe inyanga noma ezimbili, ngaphambi kokuba ululame ngokugcwele futhi uqalise imisebenzi yakho evamile.
• Uma uke waba nezinqubo ezifana ne-Balloon valvuloplasty noma i-TAVR: Lezi zinqubo zidinga isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokululama. Ngezinye izikhathi ungaya ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo noma ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva kwenqubo. Ungabuyela empilweni yakho evamile zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu `(i-Aortic Stenosis)`?

I-Aortic Stenosis ingavinjelwa ngezizathu ezithile. Ikakhulukazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngokushesha nangokufanele. Isibonelo, uma unesifo se-strep throat, kufanele uthathe ama-antibiotic njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalile. Akuyona into enhle ukuyeka ukuwathatha ngoba nje ubuhlungu sebuphelile. Ukwenza kanjalo kungavimbela umkhuhlane wamathambo ukuthi ungakhuli futhi ulimaze ama-valve enhliziyo.

Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuvimbela i-"Aortic Valve Stenosis", engabangelwa ukuguga, izifo ezizuzwe njengefa, noma ezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Kodwa-ke, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) kungasiza ekulawuleni ukuwohloka kwalesi simo.

Uma ngine-`(Aortic Stenosis)`, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ikusasa lesimo sakho se-Aortic Stenosis, okungukuthi, ukuthi uzophila kanjani, lizoncika kakhulu ekutheni uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha nangokufanele kangakanani.

• Uma ingelashwa: I-Aortic Stenosis, ikakhulukazi uma inzima kakhulu, ingaba yingozi empilweni. Iningi labantu aliphili iminyaka engaphezu kwemibalwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
• Ukwelashwa Okulibazisekile: Uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka, imiphumela iyaxubana. Kuya ngokuthi ngabe kukhona yini umonakalo ohlala njalo enhliziyweni. Uma umonakalo umkhulu, isimo sizoba sibi kakhulu. Uzolulama ngezinga elithile, kodwa kunzima ukulindela ukululama okuphelele.
• Uma welashwa ngokushesha noma ngokushesha: Uma welashwa ngokushesha nangendlela efanele, umbono we-`(Aortic Stenosis)` muhle kakhulu. Kuzodingeka uye kohlolwa njalo ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha impilo yakho yonke, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho ungaqhubeka cishe nayo yonke imisebenzi yakho evamile futhi uphile impilo enhle.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

• Uma i-aortic stenosis yakho incane futhi ungenazo izimpawu, okudingeka ukwenze nje ukwenza i-echocardiogram njalo bese ubona udokotela wakho.
• Uma une-Aortic Valve Stenosis ephakathi nendawo, kungadingeka ukuthi uqaphe izimpawu zakho, wenze ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo njalo, unciphise imisebenzi yakho (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho), futhi uphuze imithi ethile.
• Uma une-aortic valve stenosis enzima, kuzodingeka uqhubeke ubona udokotela wakho ngisho nangemva kokulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve. Eminye imithi kungadingeka ukuthi uyiphuze impilo yakho yonke.
• Kuzo zonke izigaba, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi udle ukudla okunosawoti omncane namafutha, futhi uvivinye umzimba njalo. Kodwa kufanele ubuze udokotela wakho ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokuzivocavoca elikufanele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unqume ukungadingi ukwelashwa noma awukakutholi ukwelashwa, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvela uphawu olusha lwe-`(Aortic Stenosis)`, noma uma izimpawu ezikhona ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo.
• Uma izimpawu zakho ziqala ukuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER)?

Ngemva kokuqala umuthi omusha, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Uma uhlangabezana nomphumela omubi ongalindelekile nonzima ovela emuthini (udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha).
• Uma uquleka noma ulahlekelwa ubuthongo nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kulungile.
• Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi bese uyawa, usengozini enkulu yokopha ngaphakathi - ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuwa noma okunye ukulimala.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma inqubo ye-catheter, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Uma ukusikwa kwakho kubomvu, kuvuvukile, noma kushisa uma kuthintwa, lezi yizimpawu zokutheleleka okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Uma unezimpawu ezibucayi ze-Aortic Stenosis, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma ukuquleka.
• Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi bese uyawa, kungenxa yesizathu esifanayo esishiwo ngenhla.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Dokotela, ucabanga ukuthi izimpawu zami zizoqhubeka ziba zimbi kakhulu?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngishintshe ivalvu?
• Yiluphi uhlobo lwevalvu olungcono kakhulu kimi ukulishintsha?
• Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba ngihlinzwe?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha zakamuva zalokhu?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, manje usuqonda kangcono isimo esikhulume ngaso esibizwa ngokuthi `(Aortic Stenosis)`. Yebo, kuyesabeka ngempela ukuba nengxenye yenhliziyo yakho, okungukuthi, isango elibaluleke kakhulu, engasebenzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, noma uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo senhliziyo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela futhi uhlolwe inhliziyo yakho.

Nakuba '(Aortic Stenosis)' kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, imithi isithuthuke kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ngokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa okusha okusekelwe ku-catheter okufana '(TAVR)' esikhulume ngakho, ikhono lokuyelapha alikaze libe ngcono. Ngakho ungesabi. Uma ubona lesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo enempilo nejabulisayo futhi. Nakekela inhliziyo yakho, kulungile?

I- Aortic Stenosis, I-Heart Valve, Isifo Senhliziyo, Ubuhlungu Besifuba, Ubunzima Bokuphefumula, Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo, I-TAVR