Wake waba nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu elalinzima kangangokuthi intamo yakho yayiqinile kangangokuthi wawungakwazi nokuyigoba? Mhlawumbe ngomkhuhlane ophakeme, amehlo akho aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kangangokuthi wawungakwazi ukubheka ukukhanya? Lezi akuzona izimpawu ezinhle zokungazinaki. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zesifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esaziwa nangokuthi "umkhuhlane wobuchopho" olimini lwethu oluvamile. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi singasongela ngisho nokuphila. Ngakho-ke masiqaphele lokhu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-meningitis?
Cabanga ngakho, ezimbili zezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu nezibucayi emzimbeni wethu ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla, odlula emgogodleni. Ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zitho eziyigugu, zizungezwe isembozo esivikelayo esakhiwe ngama-membrane amathathu amancane. Kufana nengubo encane, evikelayo emboza ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zitho sibiza ngokuthi ama-meninges .
Ngakho-ke, uma ngesizathu esithile, isibonelo, ngenxa yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, la ma-membrane e-meningeal aqala ukuvuvukala, sibiza leso simo ngokuthi i-meningitis . Lapho la ma-membrane evuvukala, ingcindezi ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni iyanda. Yilokhu okubangela izimpawu eziningana eziyingozi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-meningitis?
Nakuba imbangela eyinhloko ye-meningitis ukutheleleka, lesi simo singabangelwa nezimbangela ezingezona ezithathelwanayo. Ngakho-ke, singasihlukanisa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| 1. I-Meningitis Ethelelanayo | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi lubangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane. |
| • I-Bacterial Meningitis | Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu futhi ludinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo . |
| • I-Viral Meningitis | Nakuba lokhu kuvamile, ngokuvamile akubi njengohlobo lwebhaktheriya. |
| • I-Fungal Meningitis | Lokhu akuvamile. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka banamathuba amaningi okuba nakho. |
| • I-Parasitic Meningitis | Isimo esingavamile kakhulu esibangelwa yizinambuzane. |
| 2. I-Meningitis engathelelani | Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lobuchopho ngenxa yezimbangela ezingezona amagciwane. |
| • Ngenxa yomdlavuza | Kungenzeka uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza esakazekela olwelwesini lobuchopho. |
| • Ngenxa yokulimala ekhanda | Kungenzeka ngemva kokulimala ekhanda noma ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. |
| • Ngenxa yemithi ethile | Akuvamile kakhulu, kungenzeka njengomphumela ongemuhle wemithi ethile yokuqeda izinhlungu noma ama-antibiotic. |
| • Izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba | Kungabangelwa yizimo ezifana ne-lupus. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bahlukanisa lesi sifo ngezindlela eziningana:
- I-Acute Meningitis: Izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo, ngokuzumayo. I-bacterial meningitis ivame ukuwela kulesi sigaba.
- I-Meningitis Engapheli: Izimpawu zikhula kancane kancane futhi zihlala inyanga noma ngaphezulu.
- I-Aseptic Meningitis: Uma kungekho magciwane atholakalayo lapho kuhlolwa uketshezi lomgogodla (CSF), kubizwa ngokuthi i-aseptic meningitis. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
Qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zimpawu!
Izimpawu ze-meningitis zingahluka kuye ngobudala. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha .
| Iqembu lobudala | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Abantu abadala nezingane ezindala | |
| Izici eziyinhloko |
|
| Ezinye izici |
|
| Izinsana | |
| Izici okufanele uzinake ngokukhethekile |
|
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma lezi zimpawu zivela, ungahlali nje ekhaya uthi, "Masithathe i-paracetamol." Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, amathuba okugwema izinkinga eziyingozi ayanda.
Kuzwakala kanjani ikhanda elibuhlungu le-meningitis?
Lokhu akufani nekhanda elivamile. Kuvame ukuzwakala njengobuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu, obubukhali. Lobuhlungu bungasakazeka entanyeni, emhlane, nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Bungaba buhlungu kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukushukumisa intamo yakho.
Ziyini izimbangela ze-meningitis?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Evame kakhulu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
- Amabhaktheriya: Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamabhaktheriya yi-*Streptococcus pneumoniae* kanye ne-*Neisseria meningitidis*. Lawa yiwo abangela izimo ezimbi kakhulu.
- Amagciwane: Ama-enterovirus angewona awoveve kanye nama-coxsackievirus yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamagciwane abangela i-viral meningitis.
- Isikhunta: Isikhunta esifana ne-*Cryptococcus neoformans* singabangela i-meningitis, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib., abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, iziguli ezinomdlavuza).
- Izimuncagazi: Lesi simo singabangelwa nezinto eziphilayo ezingavamile kakhulu, njengezimuncagazi ezidluliselwa ngamagundane.
- Izimbangela ezingathelelani: Umdlavuza, ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda, izifo ezifana ne-lupus, futhi akuvamile kakhulu, imithi ethile ingabangela i-meningitis.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. 'Isimo' esibizwa ngokuthi i-meningitis asithelelani. Okusho ukuthi, ukuvuvukala kwama-membrane azungeze ubuchopho akudluliswa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye.
Kodwa-ke, amanye 'amagciwane' (amabhaktheriya namagciwane) abangela i-meningitis angadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu aye komunye.
- Ngokutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ngegciwane okusabalala kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye, ngokuthimula, ukukhwehlela, noma ngamaconsi amathe.
- Ngokudla ukudla okungcoliswe amagciwane.
- Ngokuphefumula isikhunta endaweni ezungezile.
- Njengenkinga yesifo esingathelelani njengomdlavuza noma i-lupus.
- Njengenkinga yokulimala ekhanda noma ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho.
- Njengomphumela omubi womuthi.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-meningitis kunabanye.
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala .
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. labo abane-HIV, umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela).
- Abantu abakhishwe umbende.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zendlebe nekhala.
- Abantu abaphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
- Abantu abaye baba nengozi noma ukuhlinzwa ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.
- Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell.
- Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi , njengezindawo zokuhlala zaseyunivesithi kanye nezindawo zamasosha .
Yiziphi izinkinga uma ukwelashwa kwephuza?
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo ukuthi uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yonke.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukubona.
- Ubunzima bokuziphatha nokucabanga, ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo.
- Izinkinga ngokunyakaza kwamalungu.
- Ukuquleka .
- Ukuqongelela koketshezi ebuchosheni.
- Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni.
- I-Sepsis - isimo esisongela ukuphila lapho ukutheleleka kusakazekela egazini nasemzimbeni wonke.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Uma uya esibhedlela, udokotela uzoqala akuhlole bese ebuza ngezimpawu zakho. Uzobuza nganoma yimuphi umlando wakamuva wokuhamba noma ezinye izifo ukuze azame ukuthola umbono wembangela yokugula kwakho. Kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuthola imbangela eqondile.
- Ukuthatha isampula ekhaleni noma emphinjeni: Hlola ukuthi awunaso yini isifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izimpawu zokutheleleka egazini.
- I-CT scan noma i-MRI scan: Ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala okuzungeze ubuchopho.
- Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar/Umpompi Womgogodla: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu nolunembile . Kulesi sivivinyo, kufakwa inaliti encane emhlane ongezansi bese kususwa amaconsi ambalwa oketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla ukuze luhlolwe. Lolu ketshezi lungahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini i-meningitis nokuthi ibangelwa amagciwane noma igciwane.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-meningitis?
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela ye-meningitis. Zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha kufanele zitholwe esibhedlela.
- Nge-meningitis yamagciwane: Ama-antibiotic afakwa nge-intravenous aqalwa ngokushesha.
- Nge-meningitis yesikhunta: Kunikezwa imithi yokulwa nesikhunta.
- Nge-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane: Imithi yokulwa namagciwane inikezwa amanye amagciwane, njenge-herpes. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwamacala amaningi e-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane, futhi ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kunikezwa ngokunikeza umzimba ukuphumula.
- Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala: Ama-corticosteroids anikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lobuchopho.
- Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: Izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo ezifana nezinhlungu zobuhlungu kanye nosawoti (i-IV fluids) zokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nazo ziyanikezwa.
Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
I-viral meningitis ivame ukuxazululeka ngokwayo cishe ngesonto. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-bacterial noma fungal meningitis zingase ziqhubeke izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isonto ngemva kokwelashwa. Kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukululama ngokuphelele.
Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha othola i-bacterial meningitis uyafa. Futhi, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu uba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lesi sifo sibi kangakanani nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele kulesi sifo?
Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sizivikele emagciwaneni abangela izinhlobo ezithile ze-meningitis.
- Goma: Kunemithi yokugoma elwa namagciwane athile abangela i-meningitis. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola imithi yokugoma enconyelwa ingane yakho kanye nawe.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo.
- Vimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka: Gwema ukuthintana nabanye uma unesifo esithathelwanayo. Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma uthimula futhi ukhwehlela.
- Ukuhlanzeka: Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa ngesibulali-magciwane.
- Imikhuba yokudla ephephile: Yidla ukudla okuphekiwe kahle. Gwema ubisi olungaphekiwe kanye nokudla okwenziwe ngalo.
- Zivikele komiyane kanye namakhizane: Zivikele ezifweni ezidluliselwa yizinambuzane ezithile, njengoba zingadala ne-meningitis.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Meningitis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Ungasithathi kalula.
- Hlala uqaphile izimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko : umkhuhlane omkhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nentamo eqinile . Uma lezi zimpawu zenzeka kanyekanye, hamba uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Izimpawu zingahluka, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Qaphela ikhanda elivuvukele, ukungaphuzi ubisi olwanele, kanye nokucasuka ngokweqile .
- Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, amathuba okugwema izinkinga ezinkulu, zesikhathi eside (njengokungaboni kanye nokungezwa) ayanda.
- Kunemithi yokugomela ephumelelayo yokulwa namagciwane athile abangela i-meningitis, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imithi yokugomela enconywayo.
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