Ingabe ikhona inkinga nge-aorta yakho? Ake sixoxe nge-Aortaopathy nge-Nirogi Lanka!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi yimuphi umthambo wegazi omkhulu nobaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho? Yi -aorta yakho—umzila omkhulu wokujikeleza kwegazi. Lo mthambo omkhulu ugijima usuka enhliziyweni yakho uze uye esiswini sakho, usebenza njengomsele obalulekile ohambisa igazi elisha eligcwele umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngenxa yokuthi ubaluleke kakhulu, noma yiluphi udaba oluthinta i-aorta yakho lungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho iyonke. Kwa- Nirogi Lanka , sibhekisela kuleli qembu lezimo ezithinta i-aorta njenge -aortaopathy .

Kuyini i-Aorta? Ake sikuchaze kalula.

Kalula nje, i-aorta ibhekisela eqenjini lezimo ezenza buthaka noma zilimaze izindonga ze-aorta yakho. Cabanga ngale ndlela: njalo lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi ngqo kulo mthambo omkhulu. Ukuze ibhekane nalolo ngcindezi, izindonga zakho ze-aorta kumele zibe namandla futhi ziqine. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zindonga ziba buthakathaka, zingavuvukala, ziqhekeke, noma ziklebhuke (zihlukanise), okungaba yingozi empilweni. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-aorta onalo lunquma ukuthi i-aorta yakho ithinteka kanjani.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Aorta?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-aorta. Ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.

I-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu (AAA)

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye ye-aorta edlula esiswini sakho iba buthaka futhi iqhuma njengebhaluni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i- aneurysm . Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, labo ababhemayo, noma labo abanezinye izici eziyingozi zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ingozi nge-AAA ukuthi ingaqhuma ngokuzumayo, ibangele ukopha kwangaphakathi okusongela impilo.

I-Thracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA)

Lokhu kuhilela ubuthakathaka noma ukuvuvukala engxenyeni ye-aorta edlula esifubeni sakho. Nakuba i-(TAA) ingavamile kakhulu kune-(AAA), ivame ukuba nesakhi esiqinile sezakhi zofuzo, okusho ukuthi ingahamba emindenini. Njenge-(AAA), ingozi eyinhloko nge-(TAA) ukuqhuma okusongela impilo.

Ingozi Yokuqhekeka Kwe-Aortic

Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esibucayi. Ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta kwenzeka lapho ungqimba lwangaphakathi lodonga lwakho lwe-aorta luqhekeka. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka endaweni lapho udonga seluvele lubuthakathaka, ngezinye izikhathi lapho kukhona khona i-aneurysm, yize kungenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: Ukuqhekeka kohlobo A , okubandakanya ukuqhekeka engxenyeni ye-aorta eseduze nenhliziyo (ngaphambi kwe-arch), kanye nokuqhekeka kohlobo B , okwenzeka ngemva kwe-arch, esifubeni noma esiswini. Ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta kuyisimoisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukuqonda i-Familial Aortopathy

I-aorta yomndeni ibhekisela ezifweni ze-aorta ezinesixhumanisi sofuzo (esizuzwe njengefa) . Abantu abanalesi simo banezinhlobo ezithile zezakhi zofuzo ezandisa ukuthambekela kwabo ezifweni ze-aorta. Lokhu kuvame ukuthinta i-aorta yesifuba, ikakhulukazi impande ye-aorta noma i-aorta ekhuphukayo.

Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili:

Kuyini i-Syndromic Aortopathy?

Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi (isifo se-syndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease), lokhu kwenzeka uma une-genetic syndrome ethinta i-aorta kanye nezinye izici noma izimo zomzimba. Ezinye izifo ezihlobene nesifo se-aortic zifaka:

• I-Loeys-Dietz syndrome
• I-Marfan syndrome
• I-Turner syndrome
• I-Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Ukuqonda i-Non-syndromic Aortopathy

Eyaziwa ngokuthi (isifo se-non-syndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease), lokhu kwenzeka uma ungenayo i-syndrome ethile ebizwa ngegama, kodwa unezinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yakho yesifo se-aortic. Ososayensi bathole izakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kuka-50 ezihlotshaniswa nalezi zimo. Ezinye zezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka:

• I-ACTA2 (evame kakhulu)
• I-FOXE3
• I-LOX
• I-MYH11
• I-MYLK

Khumbula, uma ilungu lomndeni libe ne-aortic aneurysm noma ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo . Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo se-aorta, izihlobo zakho zingadinga nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi zisengozini yini.

Kuyini i-Bicuspid Aortopathy?

Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi (i-Bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy). Kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwesimo se-aortic, unesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esibizwa ngokuthi i- Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) . I-BAV iyisifo senhliziyo esivame kakhulu esizalwa naso, esithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-50.

I-valve yakho ye-aortic isebenza njengomlindi wesango, ilawula ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka ekamelweni eliyinhloko lokupompa kwenhliziyo yakho (i-ventricle yesobunxele) kuya ku-aorta. I-valve ye-aortic enempilo ngokuvamile inamapheshana amathathu; i-valve ye-bicuspid inama-valve amabili kuphela. Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-BAV bangase bangabi nazimpawu iminyaka eminingi, kungaholela ezinkingeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma une-bicuspid aortaopathy, i-valve yakho ye-aorta inamapheshana amabili kuphela, kanti i-aorta yakho ivame ukuba banzi kunokujwayelekile (ukwanda). Ezigulini (BAV), lokhu kukhula kuvame ukwenzeka empandeni ye-aorta noma i-ascending aorta—izingxenye eziseduze nenhliziyo yakho.

Izinkinga ze-Bicuspid Aortopathy

Ukwanda okuncane kungase kungabangela izinkinga ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma i-aorta ikhula kakhulu, ingaba yi-aneurysm. Lokhu kubeka ingcindezi enkulu ezindongeni ze-aorta, okwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka noma yokuqhekeka. Abantu abane-bicuspid aorta banamathuba acishe abe yisishiyagalolunye okuqhekeka kwe-aorta kunalabo abangenayo le nkinga.

Ivame kangakanani i-Aorta?

Ukusabalala kuncike esimweni esithile. I-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) iyindlela evame kakhulu ye-aorticopathy. E-United States kuphela, cishe amacala angu-200,000 e-AAA atholakala minyaka yonke. Emhlabeni jikelele, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-47,000 balahlekelwa yizimpilo zabo minyaka yonke ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aorticopathy.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Aortaopathy? Ungazinaki lezi!

Esikhathini esiningi, i-aortaphrenia ayibonakali , okuyikho okwenza ibe yingozi kangaka. Yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kubalulekile uma unezici eziyingozi ezicashile.

Njengoba i-aortic aneurysm isondela endaweni yokuqhekeka, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezithile eziyisixwayiso:

• Umuzwa wokugcwala esiswini sakho ngemva kokudla kancane nje.
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli emhlane wakho, ezinqeni, emisipheni, emilenzeni, noma esiswini.
• Umuzwa wokushaya noma wokushaya eduze kwenkaba yakho, ofana nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.

I-aneurysm ye-aortic ephukile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-aortic kuyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezisongela impilo! Uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo, shayela u-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni ngokushesha, noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze:

• Ubuhlungu besisu obungazelelwe, obukhulu.
• Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu, obubukhali esifubeni sakho noma emhlane ongaphezulu. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengokuklebhula, ukugwaza, noma ukuklebhula.
• Isikhumba esithambile noma ukujuluka ngokweqile.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba.

Yini ebangela i-Aorta?

I-Aortaopathy ingabangelwa yizimbangela ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zivela ekuzalweni (ekuzalweni) kanti ezinye zikhula kamuva ekuphileni.

• Izakhi zofuzo: Izifo zofuzo kanye nezinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo zingakufaka esifweni se-aorta. I-Familial Aortaopathy ivame ukutholwa njengefa ngendlela 'elawula i-autosomal', okusho ukuthi uma umzali oyedwa ephethe isakhi sofuzo, kunethuba elingu-50% lokusidlulisela ezinganeni zakhe.
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: Lezi zivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-aorta. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-'Bicuspid aortic valve', i-'Coarctation of the aorta', i-'Pulmonary atresia ene-ventricular septal defect (VSD)', i-'Tetralogy of Fallot', i-'d-Transposition of the great arteries', kanye ne-'Truncus arteriosus'. Ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa okuthile, njenge-'Arterial switch (ASO)', i-'Atrial baffle (Mustard/Senning)', noma i-'staged Norwood, Glenn, kanye ne-Fontan surgeries', kungaxhunyaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-aorta kamuva.
• I-atherosclerosis:Ukuqongelela kwe-plaque emithanjeni yakho, okubangela ukuba inciphe, kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-aortaopathy ekhula kamuva ekuphileni.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Aorta?

Izici eziningana eziyingozi zinegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-aorta:

• Ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Lokhu kuyingozi enkulu . Iningi le-aortic aneurysms lenzeka kubantu ababhemayo noma abanomlando wokubhema.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungenza buthaka izindonga ze-aorta yakho.
• Ubudala: Ingozi yokuba ne-aortic aneurysm iyanda kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engu-65.
• Umlando womndeni: Uma ilungu lomndeni eliphilayo liye laba ne-aneurysm noma ukuqhekeka, ingozi yakho iphakeme ngokwemvelo.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu noma ama-triglyceride: Amazinga aphezulu e-lipid andisa amathuba okunqwabelana kwama-plaque emithanjeni yakho.
• Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba: Izimo ezifana ne-'Giant cell arteritis' kanye ne-'Takayasu arteritis' zingabangela ukuvuvukala, zenze buthaka izindonga ze-aorta.
• Ukutheleleka: Akuvamile, izifo ezifana ne-'syphilis' noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane odongeni lwe-aorta zingabangela ubuthakathaka besakhiwo.

I-Aorta ihlolwa kanjani?

Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimo zivame ukungabi nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso kuze kube yilapho kuvela inkinga enkulu, sithembele ekuhlolweni okusebenzayo uma unezinto ezaziwayo eziyingozi. Udokotela wakho eNirogi Lanka uzohlola impilo yakho ye-aorta uma esola inkinga.

Izindlela zokuxilonga ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezempilo, ahlole izici zakho zengozi yenhliziyo, futhi abukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha, imikhuba yakho yokuphila, kanye nomlando womndeni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze ahlole izinguquko ezithile ezihlobene nesifo se-aorta.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuze kuhlolwe usayizi kanye nempilo ye-aorta yakho, odokotela basebenzisa izithombe ezikhethekile. Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ububanzi be-aorta ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ngabe ikhule ngaphezu kwemingcele evamile.

I-Aorta ihlolwa kanjani?

• I-computed tomography (CT) scan
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance (MRI)
• I-Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) (i-ultrasound yenhliziyo engahlaseli)
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) (i-ultrasound eyenziwa nge-esophagus)
• I-ultrasound yesisu

Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kokuxilonga kunezinzuzo zako ezihlukile kanye nemikhawulo engaba khona. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo esimweni sakho nokuthi kungani. Bangase basebenzise okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa ukuqapha i-aorta yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze lezi zivivinyo zesithombe ngezikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, kanye ngonyaka). Ukuvama kwalokhu kuhlolwa kuncike ngokuphelele ezintweni eziyingozi zakho kanye nesimo samanje sempilo ye-aorta yakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ze-Aorta?

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luhlelwe ngokwesimo sakho kanye nezinga lengozi yezinkinga. Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokunakekelwa olufanela izidingo zakho, olungafaka phakathi ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, imithi, izinqubo ezikhethekile, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ake siqale ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila!

Izinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo se-aorta futhi kwehlise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm. Uma utholakale unesifo se-aorta, kubalulekile ukuthi:

• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala.
• Yeka ukubhema futhi ugweme yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Yamukela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
• Zivocavoce njalo (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho).
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Lawula izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Imithi ingadlala indima ebalulekile

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho. Ngokunciphisa umfutho wegazi, unciphisa ukucindezeleka okubekwe ezindongeni zemithambo yakho, okunciphisa ingozi yokuqhuma kwe-aortic aneurysm noma ukuhlukana kwayo. Imithi evamile ihlanganisa:

• Izithibi ze-enzyme eguqula i-angiotensin (ACE)
• Ama-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
• Ama-Beta-blocker
• Izithiyo zesiteshi se-calcium
• Ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi)

Ukuhlinzwa kanye nezinqubo zezokwelapha

Abanye abantu abane-aortathiasis bangadinga inqubo yezokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Aneurysm (ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko)
• Ukuhlinzwa kokufaka esikhundleni sezimpande ze-Aortic
• Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular aneurysm (EVAR) – inqubo engangenisi kakhulu kusetshenziswa ukusikwa okuncane kanye ne-catheter.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm ye-thoracic endovascular (TEVAR) – indlela efanayo engangenisi kakhulu i-aorta yesifuba.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho ye-Aorta?

Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-aorta. Nazi ezinye izeluleko:

• Gwema izinto eziyingozi: Ugwayi, izidakamizwa, notshwala obuningi kuyingozi enhliziyweni yakho nasemithanjeni yegazi. Sincoma kakhulu ukuyeka ugwayi nezidakamizwa ngokuphelele. Ngokuphathelene notshwala, hlose ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele enconywayo—ngokuvamile kungabi ngaphezu kwesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane kanye nezimbili kwabesilisa.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Gxila ekudleni okunamafutha agcwele aphansi, amafutha e-trans, i-sodium, kanye noshukela owengeziwe. Nciphisa ama-carbohydrate acwengekile njengesinkwa esimhlophe bese ukhetha okusanhlamvu okuphelele esikhundleni salokho. Hlala ukhumbula ukuthi ukudla kwakho okunomsoco kuthinta kanjani amazinga akho e-cholesterol.
• Hlala umatasa: Ukuzivocavoca kubukeka kuhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Thola umsebenzi owuthandayo bese ulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho mayelana namazinga okuqina aphephile. Ngokuvamile, hlose imizuzu engu-150 yomsebenzi olinganiselayo ngesonto, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma ukubhukuda.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka:Nakuba kulula ukukusho kunokukwenza, ukufunda amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka kubalulekile. Yabelana ngalezi zinselele nohlelo lwakho lokusekela lwabangane nomndeni.

Uyini umbono uma une-Aorta?

Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuxoxa ngesimo sakho sokubikezela. Bazocabangela izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuxilongwa kwakho okuqondile.
• Izinga lokuqhubeka kwesifo.
• Ubudala bakho nobulili.
• Izici zakho zengozi yenhliziyo.
• Umlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho.
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha uwonke.

Sicela uzizwe unamandla okuxoxa ngokukhululekile nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngalokho ongakulindela esikhathini esizayo.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani uma ngine-Aorta?

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza iziqondiso ezithile zokuzinakekela. Landela le miyalelo ngokucophelela, futhi ungalokothi unqikaze ukuxhumana naye ngemibuzo. Ungase welulekwe ukuthi:

• Gwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima noma ukudlala imidlalo enzima.
• Nciphisa noma uqede ukuphuza utshwala.
• Yenza izinguquko ekudleni.
• Yeka konke ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi.
• Thatha imithi yakho oyinikezwe udokotela njalo.

Ukukhulelwa kanye ne-Aorta

Uma une-aortaopathy, ukukhulelwa kungaba nezingozi ezinkulu. Ngaphambi kokuhlela ukukhulelwa, sicela ukhulume nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi kuphephile yini kuwe. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yezinkinga, ungadinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kokubeletha, njengokuhlolwa kwezithombe njalo. Udokotela wakho kungadingeka futhi alungise imithi yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ugwema noma yimiphi imithi engaphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela wakho?

Qiniseka ukuthi uya khona ekuhlolweni kwakho kwezokwelapha kwaminyaka yonke futhi ugcine yonke i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngezikhathi ezidingekayo zokuhlolwa kwakho.

Uma kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa useyingane, kungenzeka ukuthi wawunodokotela wenhliziyo wezingane owayeqapha impilo yakho. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engu-18, kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange uthole ukunakekelwa nochwepheshe omusha. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi babhekene nobunzima bokushintsha kusuka ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha kwezingane kuya kubantu abadala. Uma welashelwa isifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa usemusha, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenza nodokotela wenhliziyo omdala. Lokhu kuhlala kuyiqiniso noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele.Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uzokunikeza isiqondiso ngezingozi ze-aortathiasis kanye nezinye izimo njengoba ukhula.

Umyalezo Obalulekile Wokuya Nawo Ekhaya

I-Aortopathy yisimo esibucayi esingasongela impilo uma singatholakali futhi singelashwa. Uma kukhona emndenini wakho oke waba ne-aortic aneurysm noma ukuhlukaniswa kwemithambo yegazi, sicela ukhulume nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde ingozi yakho. Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu ngenxa yezimo zofuzo, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwe nakho, noma izici zokuphila ezifana nokubhema. Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho ye-aortopathy futhi kuqinise umzimba wakho wonke. Nakekela inhliziyo yakho—iyisigqi sempilo yakho!

Amagama angukhiye: i-Nirogi Lanka, i-Aorta, i-Aorta, isifo senhliziyo, i-Aneurysm, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Aorta, izifo zofuzo, ubuhlungu besifuba, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukubhema, impilo yenhliziyo