Ingabe usengozini yokuthola i-Alzheimer's? Funda ngokuhlolwa kwe-APOE Gene Test

Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe ugogo noma umkhulu, oke waba nesifo i-Alzheimer's? Uma lokho kwenzeka, kuyinto evamile ukuba nokwesaba okuncane engqondweni yakho, "O, ngizosithola lesi sifo nami?" Yilapho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE kuvela khona. Ingabe kungabikezela ikusasa lethu ngempela? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke kalula nangokucacile.

Kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE?

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE kuwukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo okubheka uhlobo lwezakhi zofuzo lwezakhi zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-apolipoprotein E. Uma unezinhlobo ezithile zalesi sakhi sofuzo, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo i-Alzheimer's kunezinye .

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha yilokhu. Ukuthi nje usengozini enkulu akusho ukuthi uzogula nakanjani. Cabanga ngamafu amnyama esibhakabhakeni. Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona ithuba lemvula, kodwa akusho ukuthi lizoyina nakanjani. Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. Impilo yethu ayithintwa nje kuphela yizakhi zofuzo zethu, kodwa futhi nezinye izinto eziningi, njengalokho esikudlayo, ukuthi siyazivocavoca yini, kanye nendlela yethu yokuphila.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde imiphumela yalolu vivinyo.

Kulungile, pho iyini le gene ye-APOE?

I-gene APOE itshela amangqamuzana omzimba wethu ukuthi enze iphrotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-apolipoprotein E. Le phrotheni yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ihlangana namafutha (ama-lipid) emzimbeni wethu futhi ithwala izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ziye lapho kudingeka zibe khona egazini, njengetekisi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-lipoprotein.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, noma ama-allele, ze-APOE gene emizimbeni yethu.

Sonke sizuza amakhophi amabili alesi sakhi sofuzo, elilodwa elivela kumama wethu kanye nelinye elivela kubaba wethu. Ngakho-ke ungaba nenhlanganisela yanoma yiziphi ezimbili zalezi zinhlobo ezintathu (isb. e3/e3, e3/e4, e2/e4).

Yiliphi lala ma-gene elihlotshaniswa nesifo i-Alzheimer's?

Okokuqala, akukho gene esatholakala ukuthi ibangela ngqo isifo i-Alzheimer's . Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuba nekhophi eyodwa ye -APOE-e4 gene variant kwandisa ingozi yokuthola i-Alzheimer's.

• I-APOE-e4: Abantu abanekhophi eyodwa noma ezimbili zalolu hlobo lwezakhi zofuzo banengozi enkulu yokuthola isifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala sekwephuzile, esiqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-65.
• I-APOE-e2: Lezi yizindaba ezinhle kancane. Lolu hlobo lwezakhi zofuzo lunganikeza isivikelo esithile esifweni i-Alzheimer's. Ngisho noma umuntu onalesi sakhi sofuzo eba nalesi sifo, ngokuvamile kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu kunomuntu one-APOE-e4.

Ulwenza kanjani lolu vivinyo? Ubani olwenzayo?

Lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile ukuthi ukuthathe. Kuyinto eyenziwa ngokuzithandela kwakho. Uma kunomlando wesifo i-Alzheimer emndenini wakho, ungase ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ngalokhu. Uma kunjalo, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola okwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Ukuhlolwa kulula kakhulu:

1. Ukuthola isampula ye-DNA: Udokotela uzothola isampula ye-DNA kuwe. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthatha inani elincane legazi noma ngokusula ingaphakathi lomlomo wakho noma esihlathini nge-swab encane.

2. Ukuthumela elabhorethri: Lesi sampula sithunyelwa elabhorethri ekhethekile ukuze sihlolwe.

3. Ukuletha imiphumela: Ilebhu ihlola i-DNA yakho bese ithumela imiphumela kudokotela wakho.

4. Ukuxoxa ngemiphumela: Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo uzokhuluma nawe futhi akuchazele ukuthi le miphumela isho ukuthini.

Manje sekukhona ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ekhaya kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe uthola imiphumela kukho, kusabalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho ukuze uqonde imininingwane eqondile.

Yini esiyifundayo emiphumeleni?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo (ama-allele) ze-gene ye-APOE onayo.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi i-APOE4 positive isho ukuthini?

I-"APOE4 positive" isho ukuthi okungenani unekhophi eyodwa yejini le-APOE-e4 ku-DNA yakho.

Iyini ingozi yokuthola i-Alzheimer's uma une-APOE4?

Phakathi kuka-15% no-25% wabantu emhlabeni banekhophi eyodwa yesakhi sofuzo i-APOE-e4. Phakathi kuka-2% no-5% banekhophi zombili. Ukuba nekhophi eyodwa kungandisa ingozi yokuthola i-Alzheimer's.

Kodwa, ngiyaphinda, lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwesifo. Kukutshela kuphela ngengozi.

Uma imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ingozi iphezulu, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi wenze izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Ukwenza izivivinyo ezikwenza ujuluke okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesonto.
• Lala kahle: Lala okungenani amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku.
• Ukuba nobudlelwano nabantu: ukuchitha isikhathi nabangani nezihlobo, ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi.
• Ukuphonsela ubuchopho inselelo: Izinto ezifana nokuxazulula amaphazili, ukufunda izincwadi, ukufunda ulimi olusha noma insimbi yomculo.

Ingabe ukwazi le miphumela kungathinta ingqondo?

Yebo, impela. Uma sifunda ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo okufana nalokhu, kungasithinta ngezindlela eziningi. Ungase uzizwe wesaba, ukhathazekile, noma uthukuthele. Ngezinye izikhathi, imiphumela ingase ingakuniki impendulo ecacile obuyilindele.

Khumbula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zakho ziyini, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yesifo i-Alzheimer's. Iseluleko esingcono kakhulu salokhu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.