Umzimba wethu ungumshini omangalisayo ngempela, akunjalo? Kuningi okwenzekayo ngaphakathi kithi esingakuqapheli. Ngezinye izikhathi, amangqamuzana ethu anikezwa isignali ethi, "Kulungile, isikhathi sakho sesiphelile," bese elahlwa ngendlela ehlelekile kakhulu, ngaphandle kokulimaza noma yini ewazungezile. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-apoptosis kwezokwelapha. Kufana nokuzibulala okuhleliwe, kodwa kwenzeka ngenxa yenzuzo yethu.
Kuyini ngempela i-apoptosis?
Kalula nje, i-apoptosis inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'ukufa kweseli okuhleliwe' umzimba wethu okusebenzisayo ukususa amangqamuzana alimele, amadala, noma angasadingeki. Igama elithi 'okuhleliwe' libalulekile lapha. Kusho ukuthi umzimba wethu uyazi ukuthi lawa maseli kudingeka afe, futhi umzimba ulawula le nqubo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Esikhundleni sokuhlukana nokukhula njengamaseli aphilile, iseli elithola i-apoptosis liyaphuka ngendlela ehlelekile bese liyafa.
Lena inqubo enempilo kakhulu futhi evamile. Ngoba imizimba yethu ayidingi amangqamuzana amadala kakhulu futhi onakele ukuze asebenze kahle. Uma eqhubeka nokuba semzimbeni, angasilimaza.
Cabanga ukuthi ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo oluseselini, okungukuthi, i-DNA, lonakele. Uma lelo seli liqhubeka nokuhlukana, amangqamuzana amasha azoqala ukwakheka futhi aqongelelane emzimbeni ngaleyo DNA eyonakele. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yezimo eziyingozi njengomdlavuza . Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yenqubo ye-apoptosis ukuvimbela izinto ezinjalo ukuthi zenzeke.
Uma le nqubo yenzeka njengoba kuhleliwe, siyazuza kuyo. Kodwa uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngalolu hlelo, i-apoptosis ingenzeka kakhulu noma inganele. Kokubili kungasilimaza.
Kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka emzimbeni wethu?
I-Apoptosis inqubo evikela impilo yethu ngokuqeda amaseli angasadingeki emizimbeni yethu. Le nqubo iqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe.
- Ukukhula kwesibeletho: Cabanga nje, isandla somntwana esibelethweni sakhiwa okokuqala njengolwelwesi olulodwa. Bese kuthi, ngesikhathi esifanele, amangqamuzana aphakathi kweminwe afe ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-apoptosis. Yilapho iminwe emihlanu ihlukana kahle khona.
- Ukushintsha amangqamuzana amadala ngamasha: Amangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba wethu zihlala zizivuselela. Le nqubo isusa amangqamuzana amadala.
- Ukusiza amasosha omzimba: Lokhu kusiza amasosha omzimba ethu ukulwa nezifo.
- Ukususa amaseli alimele:Amaseli alimele ngendlela engenakulungiseka ayasuswa emzimbeni.
- Ukuvimbela ukuhlukana kwamangqamuzana alimele: Yilokhu okulawula ukukhula kwezinto ezifana nomdlavuza.
- Ukugcina i-homeostasis emzimbeni: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi enempilo yezicubu zomzimba.
Le nqubo yenzeka kanjani?
Amaprotheni athile emizimbeni yethu aqala le nqubo ye-apoptosis. Isibonelo esiyinhloko salokhu yiprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-p53 . Ibizwa nangokuthi 'iprotheni yokucindezela i-tumor' ngoba ivimbela ukuhlukana kwamaseli okungalawulwa (okungaholela ezimilaneni).
Kalula nje, i-p53 ifana 'nomqaphi' ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu. Le phrotheni ihlola njalo i-DNA yamaseli ukuthi ayinamonakalo yini. Uma umonakalo mncane, inikeza imiyalelo yokuwulungisa. Kodwa uma umonakalo mkhulu kakhulu ukuba ungalungiswa, iphrotheni ye-p53 iyayivimba iseli ukuthi lingahlukani. Esikhundleni salokho, inika iseli uphawu lokuthi liqale i-apoptosis.
Uma i-apoptosis isiqalile, kuvela uchungechunge lwezinguquko zamakhemikhali eziphula iseli libe yizicucu ezincane. Bese kuthi, leli seli elifayo lithumele isignali 'kumaseli ahlanzayo' abizwa ngokuthi ama-phagocytes (uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi) ukuze "lize lizodla lezi zicucu." Lokhu kuyinto ecocekile kakhulu okufanele yenziwe. Kufana nokupakisha udoti bese uwunika iloli likadoti. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli azungezile awalimali, akukho ukuvuvukala.
Kwenzekani uma kukhona i-apoptosis eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu?
Njenganoma yini, le nqubo idinga ukulinganisela. Okuningi kakhulu kuyinkinga, okuncane kakhulu kuyinkinga. Ake sibone ukuthi lokho kuhamba kanjani.
| Isimo | Umonakalo obangelwe |
|---|---|
| I-Apoptosis Eningi Kakhulu | Ngisho namaseli anempilo umzimba owadingayo aqala ukufa ngokungadingekile. Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamangqamuzana abalulekile njengamaseli obuchopho namaseli ezinzwa. Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nezifo ezifana nesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nesifo i-Parkinson's . |
| I-Apoptosis Encane Kakhulu | Amaseli alimele obekufanele ngabe afile ayaqhubeka ephila emzimbeni. Lawa maseli aqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yomdlavuza . Kungaholela nasezinkingeni zokuzivikela komzimba , okuyizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ethu ehlasela khona imizimba yethu. |
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Apoptosis ne-Necrosis?
Nakuba lezi zombili ziyizindlela zokufa kwamangqamuzana, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo. Abantu abaningi bayadida lezi ezimbili.
Abacwaningi babecabanga ukuthi i-apoptosis ukufa okuhleliwe, okuhlelekile, kanti i-necrosis ukufa okungalindelekile, okungcolile, nokungahlelekile. Ngezinga elithile, lokho kuyiqiniso. Ku-necrosis, iseli liyavuvukala futhi liqhume. Bese okuqukethwe yiseli kuphonswa ngaphandle, okubangela ukuvuvukala ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kodwa ku-apoptosis, lokho akwenzeki. Iseli lipakishwa kahle bese lihamba ngaphandle kwenkinga.
| Iphuzu | I-Apoptosis | I-Necrosis |
|---|---|---|
| Inqubo | Kuhlelwe futhi kuhlelwe. | Ngokuvamile kungalindelekile futhi kuyaxaka. |
| Isizathu | Inqubo evamile emzimbeni. | Umonakalo obangelwa ukulimala, izifo, ubuthi. |
| Kwenzekani esitokisini? | Iyancibilika futhi iqhekeke ibe yizicucu ezincane. | Kuyavuvukala futhi kuyaqhuma. |
| Umphumela ezicutshini ezizungezile | Akukho ukuvuvukala okwenzekayo. | Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka . |
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha luthole ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ze-necrosis, njenge-apoptosis, zenzeka ngendlela ehleliwe. Amagama anjenge -necroptosis kanye ne -pyroptosis asetshenziswa kulokhu. Ngakho-ke umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezimbili awucaci njalo.
Indima ye-apoptosis ekwelapheni izifo
Abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi izinguquko enkambisweni ye-apoptosis zingaholela kwezinye izifo, ngakho-ke manje bazama ukuthuthukisa imithi engalawula i-apoptosis.
- Ngomdlavuza: Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo ye-apoptosis kumaseli omdlavuza ayiveli kahle, lawo maseli ayaqhubeka nokuhlukana ngaphandle kokufa. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo seluyaqhubeka ngemithi engaqala noma isheshise inqubo ye-apoptosis kumaseli omdlavuza.
- Ngezifo zemizwa: Ezifweni ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, amangqamuzana obuchopho aphilile adlula i-apoptosis ngokweqile. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, abacwaningi bazama ukuthuthukisa imithi evimba noma ehlisa ijubane lenqubo ye-apoptosis.
Lolu cwaningo lusaqhubeka. Lolu lwazi luzoba lubaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo eziningi esikhathini esizayo. Uma unesifo esithile sezokwelapha kulokhu, ungacela udokotela wakho imininingwane eyengeziwe kanye nolwazi lwakamuva ngaso.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Apoptosis inqubo yemvelo, ehleliwe yokufa kweseli eyenzeka emizimbeni yethu.
- Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kusivikele ezifweni ezinjengomdlavuza ngokususa amaseli alimele futhi agugayo.
- Ukweqisa kakhulu kwale nqubo kungaholela ezifweni ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, kanti okuncane kakhulu kungaholela ezifweni ezifana nomdlavuza.
- Lokhu akufani ne-necrosis, kodwa inqubo ehlelekile kakhulu engabangeli umonakalo noma ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungezile.
- Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinqubo ukuze uqonde isimo sakho. Njalo xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.
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