Injini emangalisayo yomzimba wethu: Ake sifunde konke ngenhliziyo!

Wake wabeka isandla sakho esifubeni sakho ngesikhathi sokuthula wavala amehlo akho walalela? Lowo msindo othi "lub-dub... lub-dub..." owuzwayo nowuzwayo uwubufakazi obukhulu bokuthi uyaphila. Lowo msindo uvela enjinini emangalisayo kakhulu, engapheli emzimbeni wethu. Leyo yinhliziyo yethu. Ingabe siyazi ngempela ngalesi sitho esincane esisebenza ngaphandle komzuzwana owodwa wokuphumula kusukela osukwini esizalwa ngalo kuze kube usuku esifa ngalo? Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale nhliziyo ethandekayo impilo yethu encike kuyo.

Iyini inhliziyo? Iyiphi inkonzo enikeza umzimba?

Kalula nje, inhliziyo iyisitho esinamandla kakhulu, esinemisipha esilingana nenqindi yakho. Siyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu wonke, njengesiteshi esikhulu samabhasi edolobheni. Siphinde sikubize ngokuthi uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wenhliziyo ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Manje ungase ucabange, "Pho kwenzekani uma igazi lipompa?" Cabanga ngakho, izigidi zamangqamuzana amancane emzimbeni wethu zidinga amandla nomoya-mpilo ukuze zisebenze. Njengoba nje sidinga ukudla nokuphefumula ukuze siphile. Ngakho igazi elipompa inhliziyo yilo elithatha lo moya-mpilo nezakhamzimba bese lizisabalalisa kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni. Yilokho futhi okuqoqa imfucuza efana ne-carbon dioxide eqongelela emaseli njengoba esebenza bese iyiletha ezithweni ezifanele (njengamaphaphu nezinso) ukuze zilahlwe.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, inhliziyo yenza eminye imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:

• Ilawula isigqi kanye nesivinini sokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ubuchopho bethu kanye nesimiso sethu sezinzwa sitshela inhliziyo yethu ukuthi ishaye kancane uma silele futhi isheshe uma sigijima.
• Umfutho wegazi uyalawulwa. Kungumthwalo wenhliziyo futhi ukugcina umfutho wegazi ungaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi usezingeni elifanele.

Inhliziyo ayisebenzi yodwa ukwenza lo msebenzi ngendlela efanele. Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa kanye nohlelo lwe-endocrine lusebenza ndawonye nenhliziyo. Uhlelo lwezinzwa yilona olunikeza inhliziyo izimpawu zokusheshisa lapho sizizwa sesaba noma sijabule, kanye nokwehlisa ijubane lapho siphumule. Ama-hormone akhishwa uhlelo lwe-endocrine asiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi ngokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe noma ivuleke.

Ingabe kufanele sihlukanise izingcezu zenhliziyo?

Inhliziyo ifana nesakhiwo esiklanywe kahle. Inezindonga, amakamelo, iminyango, amapayipi amanzi, kanye nohlelo lwezintambo zikagesi. Ake sibheke ngayinye ngayinye.

Izindonga kanye nesembozo esivikelayo senhliziyo

Izindonga zenhliziyo yimisipha efinyela futhi ikhule ukuze ipompe igazi. Phakathi kwalezi zindonga kukhona ungqimba olukhulu lwezicubu, esilubiza ngokuthi i-septum. Yilokhu okuhlukanisa inhliziyo ibe yizinhlangothi kwesokudla nesobunxele.

Udonga lwenhliziyo lwakhiwe ngezendlalelo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-Endocardium: Lena ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu.
• Imisipha yenhliziyo `(Myocardium)`:Lona ungqimba lwemisipha oluphakathi, olusebenza kakhulu.
• I-Epicardium: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu oluvikelayo.

Inhliziyo yonke iphinde imbozwe ngesikhwama esivikelayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pericardium . Uketshezi olukhethekile ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhwama lusiza inhliziyo ukuba ishelele ngaphandle kokushaya ezinye izitho zomzimba lapho ishaya.

Amakamelo Amane Enhliziyo

Kunamakamelo amane amakhulu ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo. Amakamelo amabili esitezi esiphezulu namakamelo amabili esitezi esingezansi. Njengendlu enezitezi ezimbili. Amakamelo esitezi esiphezulu siwabiza ngokuthi i-Atria , kanti amakamelo esitezi esingezansi siwabiza ngokuthi amaVentricle .

Ama-valve Enhliziyo

Njengoba igazi ligeleza liye phambili naphambili phakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo, kuba nohlelo lwamasango oluvimba ukuthi lingagelezi emuva ngendlela engafanele. Sibiza la masango ngokuthi ``Ama-Valve`` . La masango ayavuleka lapho igazi ligeleza kwelinye icala, bese evaleka futhi lapho elinye igazi seliphumile.

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zama-valve:

• I-valve ye-Tricuspid: Umnyango ophakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokudla kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla.
• I-valve yamaphaphu: Umgodi lapho umthambo othwala igazi usuka e-ventricle yesokudla uya emaphashini uqala khona.
• I-valve ye-mitral: Umnyango ophakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesobunxele.
• I-Aortic valve: Isango elisekuqaleni komthambo oyinhloko (i-Aorta) elithwala igazi lisuka kwi-ventricle yesobunxele liye emzimbeni wonke.

Imithambo Yegazi

Sibiza uhlelo lwamapayipi athwala igazi elimpontshwa yinhliziyo emzimbeni wonke bese libuyela enhliziyweni ngokuthi ``Imithambo Yegazi.`` Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu.

• Imithambo yegazi: Lawa amapayipi aminyene athwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke.
• Imithambo: Lawa amapayipi athwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zomzimba libuyele enhliziyweni.
• Ama-capillary: Imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu, emincane njengezinwele exhumanisa imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Kungaphakathi kwala ma-capillary lapho amaseli athola khona umoya-mpilo futhi asuse i-carbon dioxide.

'Umsinga' wenhliziyo - lokhu kushaya kulawulwa kanjani?

Inhliziyo ayiyona nje inhlama yenyama. Inesistimu kagesi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Electrical Conduction System" eyigcina ishaya ngesigqi esijwayelekile. Kufana nesistimu yokuxhuma izintambo endlini.

Kunezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko zalolu hlelo:

• I-Sinoatrial (SA) node: Lena yi-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo. Isignali kagesi etshela inhliziyo ukuthi ishaya ngokushesha kangakanani iqala lapha.
• I-node ye-Atrioventricular (AV): Lokhu kuthatha isignali kusuka ku-node ye-SA, kuyibambezele kancane, bese kuyithumela emakamelweni amabili aphansi (i-atria) enhliziyo.
• Ezinye izingxenye (i-Bundle of His, imicu ye-Purkinje): Lezi zithwala isignali evela ku-AV node kuwo wonke amakamelo angaphansi enhliziyo, okubangela ukuba zifinyele ngokuzumayo.

Ngale ndlela, ngemva kokuba amakamelo amabili aphezulu efinyele futhi epompa igazi, kungakapheli ingxenye yeshumi yomzuzwana, amakamelo amabili aphansi afinyele bese epompa igazi liye emzimbeni nasemaphashini. Uma kukhona iphutha elincane kulesi simiso sikagesi, khona-ke ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia) kwenzeka.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta inhliziyo?

Njengoba inhliziyo iyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi siqaphele izifo ezingayithinta.

Nazi ezinye zezifo zenhliziyo ezivamile:

• Ukungalingani kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia): Inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kakhulu, kancane kakhulu, noma ngesigqi esingajwayelekile.
• I-Cardiomyopathy: Ukuqina okungajwayelekile, ukukhulisa, noma ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo / i-Myocardial infarction: Ukuvaleka okungazelelwe komthambo wenhliziyo ohlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwegazi nomoya-mpilo engxenyeni ethile yenhliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni incishiswa yizinqwaba zezinto ezifana ne-cholesterol (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque').
• Isifo sama-valve enhliziyo: Amasango enhliziyo, noma ama-valve, esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili, awasebenzi kahle.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Umfutho wegazi osebenza ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi uphakeme kunojwayelekile.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Ukuba namafutha amaningi egazini.

Izimpawu nokuhlolwa okubonisa inkinga yenhliziyo

Uma kunenkinga ngenhliziyo, umzimba wakho uzokunikeza izinkomba. Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esifubeni: Umuzwa wokuqina noma ukuqina esifubeni.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngisho nangemva kokuhamba ibanga elifushane.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Umuzwa wenhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha .
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
• Ukuvuvukala kwezingxenye ezingezansi zomzimba, ikakhulukazi imilenze.
• Ukukhathala okungajwayelekile.

Izindlela zokuhlola impilo yenhliziyo

Uma ubona udokotela, angase akuncome okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa kuye ngezimpawu zakho.

• Ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi.
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - i-EKG): Ukurekhoda umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: I-echocardiogram isivivinyo esisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala isithombe senhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana namazinga e-cholesterol kanye namazinga kashukela.
• Ukuzivocavoca i-ECG `(Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka)`: Ukuqapha indlela inhliziyo esebenza ngayo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
• I-Angiogram: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-X-ray ukuhlola ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo.

Uyigcina kanjani inhliziyo yakho iphilile futhi inamandla?

Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ngokwenza izinguquko ezincane endleleni yethu yokuphila, singenza lukhulu ekuvikeleni impilo yenhliziyo yethu.

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nenhliziyo. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele (njengelayisi elinsundu kanye ne-oatmeal). Nciphisa uwoyela, usawoti, ushukela, kanye nokudla okusheshayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Hlala umatasa. Thola okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca okunamandla aphakathi ngesonto (imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto). Ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, nokubhukuda kuyizindlela ezinhle zokuzivocavoca.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Ukugcina isisindo esifanele ubude bakho kuwusizo olukhulu enhliziyweni yakho.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kungenye yezitha ezinkulu zenhliziyo. Uma ubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze akusize uyeke ukubhema.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka. Ukucindezeleka kuyisitha esithule. Khulula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzibandakanya emsebenzini omuhle wokuzilibazisa.
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe njalo umfutho wegazi, i-cholesterol, kanye namazinga kashukela, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-40.