Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yokusebenza nabanye noma yokukhuluma? Ingabe inenkinga yokubheka abanye emehlweni nokukhuluma? Ingabe inenkinga yokufunda ulimi noma yokukhuluma? Noma ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ikhala amahora amaningi, noma ingabe iziphatha ngendlela engalawuleki? Uma ungumzali wengane ene-autism, cishe uyazi kahle ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuziphatha lungathinta kangakanani impilo yengane. Enye indlela ephumelelayo ongayicabanga ngengane yakho ngezikhathi ezinjalo i-Applied Behavior Analysis, noma i-ABA therapy.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukwelashwa kwe-ABA?
Ukwelashwa kwe-ABA (Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe) kuyindlela ekhethekile yokwelapha yokuziphatha esetshenziselwa izingane kanye nabantu abane-autism kanye nokunye ukukhubazeka kokukhula. Umqondo oyisisekelo ngemuva kwayo ulula kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ingane ibonisa ukuziphatha okuhle nokufanelekile, uma sincoma lokho kuziphatha futhi sikunike impendulo enhle (umvuzo), ingane izoshukumiseleka ukuphinda lokho kuziphatha.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma siqinisa ukuziphatha komntwana, lokho kuziphatha kuba yinto evamile. Ngokufanayo, uma singasabeli ekuziphatheni okungafanele komntwana ngendlela efanayo, lokho kuziphatha kuncipha kancane kancane, futhi kungase kunyamalale ngokuphelele.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kungasiza ingane ene-autism ukuthi:
- Thuthukisa ubudlelwano bomphakathi: Funda ukukhuluma, ukudlala, nokusebenza ndawonye nabanye.
- Funda amakhono amasha: izinto ezifana nolimi, izifundo, kanye nendlela yokwenza izinto wedwa.
- Khulisa ukuziphatha okuhle nokuhle: njengokulalela abanye nokuba nesineke lapho wenza isicelo.
- Nciphisa ukuziphatha okunzima: izinto ezifana nokuzilimaza, ukushaya abanye, kanye nokumemeza njalo.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kuthuthukisa kakhulu amakhono ezingane okuxhumana nabantu, amakhono okuxhumana, kanye nolimi oluveza imizwa. Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-ABA amahora angaphezu kwama-20 ngesonto eminyakeni yokuqala yempilo yengane (ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-4) kungathuthukisa kakhulu intuthuko yengane. Kutholakale nokuthi isidingo sezinsizakalo ezikhethekile sincipha kamuva ekuphileni.
Kwenzekani ngempela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-ABA?
Uma ingane yakho iqala ukwelashwa kwe-ABA, izoqala ihlangane ne-Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), enokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kulo mkhakha. Into yokuqala abazoyenza ukumazi kahle ingane yakho nokuhlola izidingo zayo namakhono ayo amanje.
Ngemva kokumazi kahle ingane yakho ngale ndlela, umelaphi uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene nengane yakho futhi oluqondene nayo . Lolu hlelo luklanyelwe ukuhlonza ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuziphatha ingane yakho edinga ukuzishintsha kanye namakhono edinga ukuwathuthukisa.
Udokotela wengane yakho uzosebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngezidingo zengane yakho kanye nokuziphatha kwayo.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwe-ABA?
Abahlaziyi bokuziphatha (ama-BCBA) basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho besebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-ABA. Nazi ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde umehluko phakathi kwazo.
| Indlela Yokwenza | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuqeqeshwa Kwesilingo Esihlukile (i-DTT) | Lokhu kuvame ukuba yilokho abantu abakucabangayo lapho bezwa i-ABA. Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela ye-ABA. I-DTT iyindlela ehlelekile kakhulu lapho umelaphi efundisa ingane umsebenzi owodwa ngesikhathi, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Kwenziwa umuntu ngamunye. Kwabanye abantwana, le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu. Into ebalulekile ukuthi nakuba esikhathini esidlule le ndlela yayivame ukujezisa ukuziphatha kabi, manje isivinjelwe ngokuphelele. Akuseyona indlela eyamukelekayo. |
| Ukwelashwa Kwempendulo Ebalulekile (i-PRT) | Le ndlela ihluke kakhulu ku-DTT. Ayihlelekile kangako. Igxila ekufundiseni ngokudlala nezinto ezihlobene nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwengane. Ku-PRT, umelaphi usebenzisa intando nezithakazelo zengane ukufundisa. Umelaphi ulandela ingane, kodwa akamphoqi ingane ukuba yenze lokho ekufunayo. Isibonelo, uma ingane ibonisa intshisekelo yokudlala ngamabhulokhi, umelaphi usebenzisa lawo mabhulokhi ukumfundisa imibala, izimo, noma izinhlamvu. |
| Imodeli yeDenver Yokuqala Kwasekuqaleni (ESDM) | Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yazo zombili izindlela ezingenhla. Njenge-PRT, indlela ye-ESDM nayo inemisebenzi esekelwe ekudlaleni kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kudingeka, izindlela zokufundisa ezihlelekile njenge-DTT nazo zingasetshenziswa. Esinye sezici ezikhethekile zale ndlela ukuthi izama ukufeza imigomo eminingana ngaphakathi komsebenzi owodwa. Isibonelo, ukufundisa ingane ukuma konxantathu kungaba umgomo owodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuba ingane ifake ucezu olufana nonxantathu ephazilini ngendlela efanele kungaba omunye umgomo, ukuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza kwengane amahle. |
Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwe-ABA?
Kunezinzuzo eziningana ezingalethwa ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kuwe nakumntwana wakho:
- Amandla okusebenzisa ezimweni ezahlukene: Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo eziningi zezempilo , hhayi nje i-autism.
- Uhlelo oluqondene nengane: Akuzona zonke izingane ezifanayo. Uhlelo lokwelashwa luhlelwe ngokwezidingo namakhono engane yakho.
- Imiphumela efakazelwe ngokwesayensi: Lokhu akuyona nje imfashini. Izifundo eziningi zifakazele impumelelo nemiphumela emihle yale ndlela yokwelapha.
- Izindlela ezingasetshenziswa ekhaya: Ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kukufundisa nawe, mzali, izindlela zokufundisa ingane yakho ekhaya nokukala intuthuko yayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengane yakho.
Yimiphi imibono eyiphutha emphakathini mayelana ne-ABA?
Ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kube yisihloko sokugxekwa okuhlukahlukene kanye nemibono eyiphutha kusukela esikhathini esidlule. Ikakhulukazi, lapho le ndlela yethulwa okokuqala, yayisebenzisa indlela yokujezisa izingane ezingafundanga okuthile. Kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi manje lezo zindlela sezishiywe ngokuphelele . Kodwa abanye abantu basaphikisana nalokhu kwelashwa ngenxa yale mibono eyiphutha.
| Umbono Ongalungile | Indaba Yangempela |
|---|---|
| "I-ABA imayelana nokuzama ukuphoqa izingane ukuba zibe 'ezivamile'." | Lokhu kuyiphutha elikhulu. Umgomo oyinhloko we-ABA awukona ukushintsha ingane nokuyenza ifane nabanye abantu. Ukugxila lapha kukuguqula ukuziphatha okubalulekile emphakathini okuthinta ngqo ukuphepha nokufunda kwengane . Isibonelo, uma ingane izilimaza, ukuyeka lokho kuziphatha kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwengane. |
| "Lokhu kufana nokuqeqesha izilwane." | Ukuqinisa okuhle kuyisimiso esiyisisekelo kwisayensi yokufunda nokuziphatha. Kuvamile ezilwaneni nakubantu. Yisimiso esifanayo esisetshenziswa ezintweni ezifana nothisha oncoma ingane esikoleni, noma ibhonasi kumuntu owenza umsebenzi omuhle emsebenzini. Ku-ABA, lesi simiso sisetshenziselwa ukufundisa ingane amakhono abalulekile okuphila. |
| "I-ABA igxile ezinkingeni zokuziphatha kuphela." | Ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okunzima kuyingxenye ye-ABA. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kufundisa izingane ukuziphatha okufanele nokuwusizo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukuziphatha okubi. Esikhundleni sokumane uthi "ungakhali," kubafundisa indlela yokucela abakufunayo nendlela yokulawula intukuthelo yabo. |
| "Lokhu kumayelana nokukhokhela izingane ukuthi zisebenze." | 'Ukufumbathisa' kanye 'nokuqiniswa okuhle' yizinto ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ukufumbathisa kwenzeka lapho ingane iziphatha kabi (isib., ukuzulazula esitolo bese ikhala), bese siyinika okuthile ukuze siyiyeke. Kodwa ekuqinisweni okuhle , sitshela ingane kusengaphambili, "Uma uziphethe kahle ngaphakathi esitolo, ngizokuthengela into oyithandayo uma siphuma." Lapha, sikhuluma ngokuziphatha okuhle okulindelekile kusengaphambili. |
Ingane yami izodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa kwe-ABA?
Lona ngumbuzo abazali abaningi abawubuzayo. Kodwa ayikho impendulo eyodwa. Ubude besikhathi ingane yakho ezodinga ngaso ukwelashwa kwe-ABA buxhomeke ezintweni eziningana. Ingane ngayinye ihlukile.
Uma ingane yakho iqala ukusebenza nodokotela wezifo zengqondo, uzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ingane yakho izodinga isikhathi esingakanani. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzocabangela uhlobo lokwelashwa olusetshenziswayo, inani losizo oludingwa yingane yakho, nokuthi ingane yakho ithuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani.
Uma ingane yakho itholakala ine-autism, wena njengomzali ungazizwa ukhungathekile futhi ukhungathekile. Ufuna ukwenza okungcono kakhulu ngengane yakho. Kodwa njengoba kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi ozoyikhetha. Umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngalokhu udokotela wakho. Khuluma naye ngezinketho zakho. Enye yezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ongayicabangela ukwelashwa kwe-ABA. Lokhu kungasiza ingane yakho ukuthi ishintshe ukuziphatha kwayo, ithuthukise amakhono, futhi inciphise isidingo sayo sezinsizakalo ezikhethekile esikhathini esizayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kuyindlela yesayensi edumisa ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane, isabela kahle kukho, futhi ithuthukise lokho kuziphatha.
- Lolu hlelo lokwelapha alufani kuwo wonke umntwana. Lulungiselelwe ingane yakho nguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.
- Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana kwengane, ukuxhumana, nokufunda, futhi kunciphisa ukuziphatha okunzima.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-ABA kwanamuhla akusebenzisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesijeziso. Ungesabi lokho.
- Kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana ne-ABA emphakathini, ngakho-ke funa njalo ulwazi emithonjeni ethembekile nakudokotela wakho.
- Ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele ingane yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment