Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yokuzwa? Ingabe yephuzile ukukhuluma? Ngakho-ke kufanele nakanjani ufunde ngale ndlela yokwelapha (Ukwelashwa Kokuzwa Nokukhuluma)!

Lingakanani ithemba obunalo kusukela ngosuku ingane yakho encane ezalwa ngalo? Kodwa ngolunye usuku udokotela ukutshela ukuthi ingane inokukhubazeka kokuzwa okuncane. Uzizwa unzima kangakanani njengomama noma ubaba uma uthola izindaba ezinjalo? "O, ingabe ingane yami ngeke ikwazi ukukhuluma?", "Ingabe ngeke ikwazi ukuya esikoleni ijoyine ezinye izingane?", "Ikusasa lengane yami liyoba njani?" Kuvamile ukuba kuvele imibuzo eyinkulungwane efana nale engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke kakhulu namuhla. Futhi, kukhona indlela yokwelapha ekhethekile engasebenzisa kakhulu lobo buchwepheshe futhi ifundise ingane yakho indlela yokulalela, ukukhuluma, nokuphila kahle emphakathini njengabo bonke abanye abantu. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT) .

Kalula nje, kuyini ukwelashwa kokuzwa ngamazwi (AVT)?

Cabanga ngalokhu: ubuchopho bethu bufana nomshini wemilingo. Bungazivumelanisa nanoma yini. Ukwelashwa Kokuzwa Nokukhuluma (AVT) kuyindlela ekhethekile yokuqeqesha efundisa ubuchopho bezingane ezincane ezinezinkinga zokuzwa, okungukuthi, labo abangezwa kahle, ukuthi "balalele." Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha yokungenelela kwasekuqaleni.

Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezincane ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinsiza zokuzwa noma izifakelo ze-cochlear. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwengane yakho kukhulu kangakanani (kuya kokujulile), lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ubuchopho bengane yakho ukuqonda izimpawu zomsindo ezizitholayo futhi bazisebenzisele ukufunda ulimi olukhulunywayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena, abazali nomndeni, ninendima enkulu kulokhu kwelashwa. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzokufundisa amasu, okuzodingeka uwasebenzise ekhaya, ngenkathi udlala nengane yakho, futhi ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Kalula nje, ungumfundisi wokuqala nongcono kakhulu wengane yakho.

Isebenza kangakanani le ndlela yokwelapha?

Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe lokhu kuyasebenza ngempela?" Yebo, imiphumela iyamangalisa. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungenye yezimo ezivame kakhulu zokuzalwa nazo. Kodwa akulungile ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ingane inokukhubazeka kokuzwa, ayikwazi ukufunda ukuzwa. Eqinisweni, ngezinsiza zokuzwa noma i-cochlear implant, izingane zingabona imisindo ngendlela emangalisayo.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi iningi lezingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa ezithola ukwelashwa nge-AVT zibonisa amakhono okukhuluma afana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angcono kakhulu kunabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo abangezwa kahle ngesikhathi bengena ebangeni lokuqala. Kuye kwafakazelwa nokuthi lezi zingane zenza kangcono esikoleni kunezingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa ezingatholi ukwelashwa nge-AVT.

Ngakho-ke, lokho umntwana akuzuzayo kulokhu akubalulekile.

• Esikoleni esivamile, ningafunda ndawonye nezinye izingane.
• Bayazigqaja kakhulu ezifundweni ezifana nezibalo nokufunda.
• Ukwakha abangane abahle.
• Yakha ukuzethemba.
• Ukufunda ukuphila ngokuzimela ngaphandle kosizo lwanoma ubani.

Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono sokuqala lokhu kwelashwa futhi ubani ofanelekela lokhu?

Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-AVT kuphumelele, kudingeka kuqalwe kusenesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi uma ungaqala kusenesikhathi ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu, imiphumela iba ngcono kakhulu.

Ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa kufanele ihlolwe ukuzwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) esibhedlela. Uma ithola noma yiziphi izinkinga, ungathatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngokushesha. Uma kudingeka, ingane yakho ingafakelwa izinsiza zokuzwa. Uma izinsiza zokuzwa zodwa zinganele, udokotela wakho angase acabangele ukufaka i-cochlear implant. Lokhu kungenziwa isenezinyanga ezingu-9 ubudala.

Uma sibheka ukuthi ubani ofanelekela lokhu kwelashwa,

• Izingane ezizalwa nazo zinenkinga yokuzwa.
• Izingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa ngenxa yesinye isizathu (ukugula, ingozi).
• Kubantwana abanezinkinga endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuthakathaka bungobesikhashana noma buhlala njalo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungathinta noma yimuphi umntwana, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ube khona kulezi zikhathi zokwelapha nomntwana wakho. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzokuqondisa. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukufunda nomntwana wakho. Khona-ke "umsebenzi" wakho ukuqhubeka nokuzijwayeza lezo zinto ngenkathi udlala nomntwana wakho ekhaya.

Ziyini Izinsiza Zokuzwa kanye Nezimila Ze-Cochlear?

Masiqonde lezi ezimbili kalula. Lezi yizinto nje ezikwenza "uzwe" umsindo. Ukwelashwa kwe-AVT kufundisa ubuchopho "ukuqonda" lowo msindo.

• Izinsiza Zokuzwa: Lezi zifana nama-amplifiers amancane. Zikhulisa imisindo yangaphandle, njengenkulumo nomculo, futhi ziyenze ibe nomsindo omkhulu. Abanye abantu bezwa amaza athile kahle, kanti abanye abawezwa. Lawa madivayisi angalungiswa ngendlela ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, ukuzwa umsindo kakhulu kungenza kube nzima ukuqonda ukuthi uyini. Yilokho okwenziwa yi-AVT.

• Izimila zeCochlear:Odokotela batusa lokhu ezinganeni ezinenkinga enkulu yokuzwa ezingasabeli kahle ezinsizeni zokuzwa. Kukhona ingxenye efana ne-snake yendlebe yethu yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-cochlea. Amaza omsindo aguqulwa abe izimpawu zikagesi bese ethunyelwa ebuchosheni esuka lapha. Uma le ngxenye yonakele, le implant ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa. Idivayisi bese idlula ingxenye eyonakele bese ivuselela ngqo inzwa yokuzwa bese ithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvula umnyango ezweni lomsindo wengane.

Ukuze uhlanganyele ekwelashweni kwe-AVT, ngokuvamile kubalulekile ukuthi ingane isebenzise enye yalezi zindlela ezimbili.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokwelashwa kwe-AVT nezinye izindlela?

Kunezinye izindlela abantu abanenkinga yokuzwa abangakwazi ukuxhumana ngazo, njengokufunda izindebe nolimi lwezandla. Kodwa zombili lezo zindlela zincike ezibonelweni ezibonakalayo, okusho lokho okubonayo. Khona-ke ingxenye yobuchopho ebhekene nokuzwa, i-auditory cortex , ayishukunyiswa. Leyo ngxenye "ivele ilale."

Kodwa kwenzeka into ehluke ngokuphelele ekwelashweni kwe-AVT.

Ekwelashweni kwe-AVT, abazali baphathwa njengabaqeqeshi. Bakufundisa ukuthi lokhu kufunda kufanele kwenzeke kanjani ekhaya, lapho udlala nengane yakho, lapho udla, lapho ugeza, kanye nayo yonke imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ungamsiza kanjani ingane yakho ekhaya?

Ngisho noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ezokufundisa okuningi, kunezinto ezilula ongazenza ekhaya nengane yakho. Zenze umkhuba lokhu.

Kungani lokhu kwelashwa kuphumelele kangaka? Imfihlo yobuchopho

Kunesizathu sesayensi salokhu. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu nengxenye yokuqala yokuphila kwengane, ubuchopho bayo buyakwazi ukuguquguquka kakhulu. Bubizwa ngokuthi i-Optimal Neural Plasticity . Njengebhola lobumba elimanzi, phakathi nalesi sikhathi ubuchopho bunekhono elimangalisayo lokuzibumba bube yinoma yisiphi isimo, bufunde izinto ezintsha, futhi bakhe ukuxhumana okusha.

Kudingeka sisebenzise lesi "sikhathi segolide" ukufundisa ubuchopho bengane ukulalela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubuchopho bengane enenkinga yokuzwa, esikhundleni sokuba "ubuchopho bokuzwa nokubona", bungase bube "ubuchopho bokubona" ​​kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, ubuchopho buklanyelwe ukubona nokuqonda konke ngamehlo. Kodwa nge-AVT, siqeqesha ubuchopho bengane ukuba "buzwe" futhi "bubone" kokubili.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani lolu hambo?

Lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngobusuku obubodwa. Lolu uhambo. Wena nomntanakho kudingeka nilungele lolo hambo.

• Hlola imishini: Ngaphambi kokuya esimisweni sokwelashwa, hlola ukuthi insiza yokuzwa yengane yakho noma i-cochlear implant isebenza kahle. Yiqaphele usuku lonke.
• Gcina incwadi yokubhalela: Gcina incwadi yokubhalela phansi izinto ezifana nalokho okushiwo yi-therapist yakho, imisebenzi okufanele uyenze ekhaya, intuthuko yengane yakho, kanye nemigomo yakho.
• I-albhamu yezithombe: Thatha izithombe zentuthuko yengane yakho bese wenza i-albhamu ebhalwe kafushane ngayo. Lokhu kuzoba yisikhuthazo esikhulu kuwe.

Lolu hlelo lokwelashwa luvame ukuhlala iminyaka emithathu noma ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke ukuzibophezela kwakho kanye nokubekezela kubalulekile. Khumbula, okubaluleke njengokuya emihlanganweni yokwelapha kusebenza nomntwana wakho ekhaya.

Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?

Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela yokwelapha ukuthi ingane ithola ithuba lokuphila emphakathini "ojwayelekile", ngaphandle kokungafani nabanye. Ingathola imfundo efanayo neyabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo futhi iphishekele noma yimuphi umkhakha enesithakazelo kuwo. Ukulahlekelwa kwabo ukuzwa ngeke kube yinto enqumayo empilweni yabo.

Uma sikhuluma "ngezinkinga," lokhu akuyona into esebenza njengomlingo. Ukuze uthole okuningi kulokhu, wena nomntanakho kudingeka nisebenzele kukho njalo nangokuzinikela. Kungabonakala njengenselele eqinisa isibopho phakathi kwakho nomntanakho, kunokuba kube yinto embi.

Azikho izingozi zezokwelapha ezihilelekile kulokhu kwelashwa.

Uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yokuzwa, bona udokotela wezingane noma udokotela we-ENT ngokushesha. Bazokudlulisela ezivivinyweni ezidingekayo kanye nabelaphi abafanele. Uma uqala ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle.

Ukwelashwa Kokuzwa Nokukhuluma, i-AVT, Ukukhubazeka Kokuzwa, Ingane Ayikwazi Ukuzwa, Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo, Ukufakelwa Kwe-Cochlear, Usizo Lokuzwa, Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengane, Iseluleko Sokukhulisa Abazali, Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo IsiSinhala, Ukulahlekelwa Yizwa Ezinganeni