Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho encane ayifani nezinye izingane, ukuthi iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile? Ingase ikhethe ukuba yodwa, idlale yodwa, noma ingakulaleli uma ukhuluma nayo, noma ingakubheki emehlweni. Kuvamile ukuthi umzali azizwe esaba noma ekhathazekile ngezinye izikhathi ezinjengalezi. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-autism, esikhathaza abazali abaningi, nokuthi odokotela basithola kanjani.
Kalula nje, iyini i-autism?
Okokuqala, ake siqonde lokhu. I-Autism ayisona isifo. Kuyisifo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Igama elithi 'spectrum' libaluleke kakhulu lapha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezinalesi simo ezifanayo. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo. Ezinye zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zingasebenza ngokuzimela. Ngakho-ke, ungaqhathanisi ingane yakho nenye ingane ene-ASD.
Ukutholwa kwalesi simo kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu enganeni nasemndenini. Ngoba uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi, singasiza ingane ithuthukise amakhono ayo futhi siyisize. Kodwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukubona lokhu. Ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kwaso. Lokho kusho ukuthi asinakutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ngeskeni. Odokotela bakuthola lokhu ngokubheka ngokucophelela ukuziphatha kwengane nokucela ulwazi kini, bazali.
Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngodokotela wezingane.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kulolu hambo ukubona udokotela wezingane wengane yakho njalo. Ngokuvamile, izingane ziyiswa emtholampilo njalo ngenyanga noma ngezikhathi ezithile. Ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni kwezinyanga ezingu-18 nezingu-24 , udokotela uzohlola ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ingane ikhula kahle yini. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngisho noma ingane ibonakala ingenazo izinkinga.
Ngalesi sikhathi, udokotela uzobheka ingane, akhulume nayo, futhi akubuze imibuzo. Uzokubuza ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini onalesi simo, futhi uzokubuza ngentuthuko nokuziphatha kwengane. Izimpendulo ozinikezayo zibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kutholakala kwesifo.
Ungesabi ukuphendula imibuzo kadokotela ngokwethembeka. Ukusho ngokucacile ukuthi ucabangani nokuthi ubonani kuyilona usizo olukhulu kakhulu ongalunika ingane yakho.
Ake sibone ukuthi odokotela banaka kakhulu ini.
| Isigaba sokuqapha | Izinto udokotela azifunayo |
|---|---|
| Intuthuko Ebalulekile |
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| Ukuziphatha kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi |
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Ngemva kokuhlola konke lokhu, uma ungenazo izinkinga ezinkulu, lokho kuphelela lapho. Kodwa uma udokotela enokungabaza noma ebona ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni kwengane yakho, uzokudlulisela eqenjini lochwepheshe ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Ukuhlangana nethimba lochwepheshe
Uma udokotela wakho enquma ukuthi ingane yakho idinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, uzohlangana nethimba lochwepheshe abangochwepheshe be-autism. Leli thimba lingase lihlanganise:
- Isazi Sengqondo Sezingane:Izinga lengqondo yengane, ukuhlakanipha kwayo, kanye nokuziphatha kwayo kuyahlolwa.
- Isazi Sezifo Zolimi Lokukhuluma: Sivivinya ikhono lengane lokukhuluma nokuqonda ulimi.
- Udokotela Wezokwelapha Emsebenzini: ubheka imisebenzi yansuku zonke yengane (ukudla, ukugqoka, ukudlala) kanye nezinkinga zemizwa.
- Udokotela Wezingane Othuthukayo
- Udokotela wezinzwa
Lezi zivivinyo zibheka kakhulu izinga lokuqonda kwengane, amakhono olimi, kanye namakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke (njengokudla, ukugqoka, nokusebenzisa indlu yangasese).
Ukuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni kwalesi simo
Ukuze ingane itholakale ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ine-autism, kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezibekwe ku-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), umhlahlandlela oshicilelwe yi-American Psychiatric Association.
Kalula nje, ukuze ingane itholakale ine-ASD, kumele ibonise izinselele ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Izinselele zokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana nabantu: Izingane ezine-ASD zinobunzima "bokuxhumana" nabanye, ukuqonda izimpendulo zazo, ukufunda izinkomba zokuxhumana nabantu, ukubukana emehlweni, kanye nokuqhuba izingxoxo ezivamile. Zingase ziqale ukukhuluma sekwephuzile kunezinye izingane. Zingase zibe nobunzima nangamakhono okulawula imisipha adingekayo ezintweni ezifana nokudweba nokudlala.
2. Ukuziphatha okulinganiselwe nokuphindaphindayo: Izingane ezine-ASD zingase zibonise ukuziphatha okuphindaphindayo njengokushukuma ngendlela efanayo, ukuphinda amagama noma imishwana efanayo, futhi zicasuke kakhulu ngisho nangoshintsho oluncane kakhulu endleleni yazo yokuphila. Zingase zikhathazeke kakhulu ngesihloko esisodwa (isib. izimoto, izitimela, ama-dinosaur). Zingase zibe nezinkinga zokuzwa.
Ezinye izivivinyo
Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze babone ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele lezi zimpawu. Futhi, ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, kukhona ngisho nesofthiwe esebenzisa idatha kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukusiza ekuxilongeni i-ASD. Nakuba lokhu kungakabi yinto evamile ezweni lethu, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, usizo abalunikezayo luzokhula.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisona isifo, iyisifo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho. Ingane ngayinye enalesi simo ihlukile.
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni lomntwana. Ngakho-ke uma unokungabaza ngengane yakho, ungalibali ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane ngakho.
- Ukuxilongwa akuyona into ephela ngokuhlolwa okukodwa. Kuyinqubo equkethe izinyathelo eziningana.
- Uma ingane yakho itholakale ine-ASD, ungesabi. Kunezingcweti eziningi nezindlela ezingasiza ingane yakho ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo.
- Njengomzali, ulwazi olunikezayo lubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nalolu hambo. Ngakho-ke vuleleka futhi uthembeke kudokotela wakho ngakho konke.
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