Ingabe ingane yakho encane ayizwani nezinye izingane? Uzizwa sengathi iyodwa ezweni layo? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola kunzima ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwayo? Kuvamile ngawe njengomzali ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane futhi unemibuzo eminingi ngenxa yezinto ezinjengalezi. Abazali abaningi bakhathazeka ngezinto ezinjengalezi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-autism, esingabonisa lezi zimpawu. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke kalula nangokucacile.
Okokuqala, ake siqonde, iyini i-autism?
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume nge-autism, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka sonke siziqonde.
- I-Autism ayisona isifo: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile sizama ukwelapha "isifo", ukuze "sibe ngcono". Kodwa i-autism ayisona isifo esidinga ukwelashwa. Kuwushintsho endleleni ubuchopho bengane obusebenza ngayo. Ngakho-ke umgomo wodokotela lapha akukhona "ukwelapha" ingane, kodwa ukusiza ingane ukuthi ibhekane nezinselele ebhekene nazo, kuyilapho isiza ingane ukuthi ikhulise amandla ayo kanye namakhono ayo .
- Izingane ezine-autism 'ziyi-Neurodivergent': Ungesabi leli gama lesiNgisi. Kalula nje, lisho ukuthi ubuchopho bazo busebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunokulindelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe ngcono kakhulu kwezinye izinto kunezinye izingane, futhi ingase idinge usizo olwengeziwe ngezinye izinto.
- I-Autism iyi-Spectrum: Cabanga ngayo njengothingo. Njengoba nje kunemibala ehlukene kuthingo, izingane nabantu abadala abane-autism bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ubuntu babo, amakhono abo, kanye nezinselele zabo kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke asikho isisombululo "esifanela bonke". Ingane ngayinye idinga ukwesekwa okuhlukile kuyo, okwenzelwe izidingo zayo.
- Imibono eyiphutha mayelana ne-autism: Sekungamashumi eminyaka, imibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana ne-autism ivame emphakathini. Le mibono eyiphutha ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kubantu abane-autism. Asikwazi ukusula leso sikhathi esidlule, kodwa sifunde kuso. Umgomo wezokwelapha zanamuhla awukhona ukuphoqa izingane ezine-autism ukuba zibe "uhlaka" lomphakathi, kodwa ukuzisiza zithuthukise amakhono eziwadingayo.
Nakuba odokotela besebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi “izimpawu” kanye “nokuxilongwa,” kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi i-autism ingaphezu kokuxilongwa; iyingxenye yobuntu bomuntu.
Yiziphi izimpawu ze-autism enganeni?
Izimpawu ze-autism zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ubunzima ekukhulumisaneni nasekusebenzisaneni nabantu: Lokhu kusho ubunzima ekwakheni ubudlelwano nokuxoxa nabanye.
2.Ukuziphatha okulinganiselwe nokuphindaphindayo, izinto ozithandayo, noma imisebenzi: Lokhu kusho ukwenza izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe, noma ukuba nokukhetha okukhulu kwezinto ezifanayo.
Indlela lezi zimpawu ezibonakala ngayo ingashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka yengane. Ake sibheke lokhu ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.
| Iqembu lobudala | Izici ezingabonakala ekuxhumaneni komphakathi |
|---|---|
| Izingane ezincane |
|
| Izingane Ezindala | |
| Izingane ezincane (Intsha) |
| Iqembu lobudala | Izici zokuziphatha ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Izingane ezincane |
|
| Izingane ezindala nezincane |
Okubalulekile: Ezinye zezinto ezibalwe lapha yizinto ezizokwenziwa yinoma yimuphi umntwana ngesikhathi esithile. Kodwa uma kwenzeka i-autism, lezi zindlela zokuziphatha aziyona into "ezokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi." Futhi zingadala izinselele enganeni esikoleni noma lapho ixhumana nontanga.
Amandla akhethekile namathalente ezingane ezine-autism
Ngaphezu kokukhuluma ngezinselele, izingane nabantu abane-autism banamandla ahlukile kakhulu. Ungacabanga nangalawa "njengamandla abo amakhulu."
- Ukwethembeka nokuqondile: Bavame ukuveza imicabango yabo ngokuqondile nangokwethembeka.
- Ukuma ngokumelene nokungalungile: Banamandla okukhulumela okulungile, noma ngabe kuphambene nombono ovamile.
- Amandla okuziphatha: Bashukumiseleka ukwenza ngokuvumelana nomuzwa wabo oqinile wokulungile nokungalungile, ngisho noma kungekho muntu obabhekile.
- Ukuxhumana namaqembu ahlukene eminyaka: Ungaxhumana kalula nanoma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubudala.
- Ukugxila Okujulile: Kukhona ikhono elimangalisayo lokugxila esihlokweni isikhathi eside futhi uthole ulwazi lochwepheshe ngaleso sihloko.
- Ukucabanga okunengqondo okuqinile: Ungase ube ngcono ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngokucabanga ngokubona nangokuqonda, kunokukhuluma.
Yini ebangela i-autism?
Akukho sizathu esisodwa esitholiwe. Okwamanje kukholelwa ukuthi i-autism ibangelwa inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo kanye nezici zemvelo, njengokuchayeka ezicini zemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Lezi zici zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zithinte ukukhula kobuchopho bengane.
Ezinye izinto okucatshangwa ukuthi zandisa amathuba okuba ne-autism zifaka:
- Umama uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 ubudala.
- Ukukhulelwa futhi zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-12 uthole umntwana oyedwa.
- Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa senzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukopha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, njenge-valproate, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Umkhawulo Wokukhula Kwangaphakathi Kwesibeletho (IGR).
- Ukuncipha kokunikezwa komoya-mpilo embungwini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
Ingabe i-autism izuzwa njengefa?
Yebo, kungaba njalo. Kodwa kukhona umehluko omncane phakathi "kofuzo" kanye "nofuzo."
I-Autism "iwufuzo" ngomqondo wokuthi izinguquko ezakhiweni ezithile zithinta indlela ubuchopho bengane obusebenza ngayo. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinguquko zofuzo zingakhula enganeni ngokwayo. Uma kunjalo, akuyona into ezuzwe njengefa.
Nokho, izinguquko zofuzo zingadluliselwa ezinganeni zisuka kubazali. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi i-autism ingaba yinto ezuzwa njengefa, njengoba ibonakala ezinganeni zakubo.
Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ukuthi une-autism?
Inqubo yokuxilonga i-autism ihilela izinyathelo eziningana. Ngokuvamile iqala ngokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile kwengane. Odokotela bezingane batusa ukuhlolwa kwe-autism lapho ingane inezinyanga ezingu-18 nezingu-24 ubudala. Udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo embalwa mayelana nokuziphatha kwengane yakho kanye nokuxhumana kwayo.
Uma udokotela esola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-autism, uzokudlulisela komunye udokotela ochwepheshe kule ndawo. Lowo chwepheshe uzokhuluma nawe, achithe isikhathi nengane yakho, futhi abuke ingane yakho.
Zenzelwe ukuxilongwaIzindlela ezisetshenziswa kumhlahlandlela wezokwelapha i-DSM-5-TR yilezi: Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ingane ine-autism, kumele ibe nobunzima kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
A. Kumelwe kube nobunzima kuzo zonke izindawo ezintathu zomphakathi:
1. Ukubuyisana ngokwenhlalo nangokomzwelo: Lokhu kubhekisela ebunzimeni bokushintshana ngemibono kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, njengasengxoxweni.
2. Ukuxhumana okungenazwi: Ubunzima bokusebenzisa nokuqonda izinto ezifana nokubonana ngamehlo kanye nolimi lomzimba.
3. Ukwakha nokugcina ubudlelwano: Ubunzima bokuhlalisana kahle nabanye kanye nokuziphatha ngendlela efanele ezimweni ezahlukene.
futhi
B. Okungenani izindawo ezimbili kwezine zokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kumele zibe khona:
1. Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, noma inkulumo: ukuphinda noma ukusho into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe.
2. Ukunamathela ngokuqinile enkambisweni noma ephethini efanayo: ukumelana ngokuqinile noshintsho.
3. Izintshisekelo ezijulile kakhulu noma ezingavamile: Intshisekelo eningi kakhulu entweni ethile noma esihlokweni.
4. Ukusabela okuphezulu noma okuphansi kakhulu ezintweni ezishukumisa imizwa: Ukusabela okuncane noma okungaphansi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ezintweni ezinjengomsindo, ukukhanya, ukuthinta, njll.
Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-autism?
Ayikho into efana nokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa komchamo. I-Autism ihlolwa uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe obheka ingane futhi ethola ulwazi kubazali. Izindlela zokuhlola ezijwayelekile ezifana ne-"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)" zingasetshenziswa kulokhu. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungenziwa, akuhlonzi i-autism. Kungahlonza kuphela izici zezakhi zofuzo ezingase zibangele izinguquko ebuchosheni bengane.
Ukunikeza ukwelashwa nokusekelwa
Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene zokusekela izingane ezine-autism. Lezi zisebenza ukwakha phezu kwamandla engane ngenkathi zisiza ekubhekaneni nezinselele ezibhekene nazo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zifundisa abazali namalungu omndeni indlela yokusekela ingane yabo.
Khumbula, uma lokhu kusekelwa kuqala kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3 , kulapho kuzoba nenzuzo enkulu ekusaseni lomntwana.
Izimo ezihambisanayo ezingase zenzeke nge-autism nazo zingadinga ukwelashwa. Isibonelo:
- Izinkinga zokunaka (Ukuntuleka Kokunaka/Isifo Sokukhathala Okungapheli - i-ADHD)
- Izinkinga zokukhathazeka
- Izinkinga zokulala
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula
- Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okungapheli (OCD)
Kulezi zimo, odokotela bangase batuse ukwelashwa okufana ne-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), imithi uma kudingeka, kanye ne-Individualized Education Plan (IEP) yezidingo zemfundo zengane yakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho konke lokhu ngokukhululekile.
Ukuba ngumzali kufana nokuba ngumfundi. Ufunda njalo, ukhula nengane yakho. Uma ingane yakho ine-autism, ukufunda kwakho kungase kuhluke kancane kunalokho obekulindele. Kodwa umqondo oyisisekelo uyafana - ingane yakho iyakuhola, futhi uyalandela. Khumbula, awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Odokotela bengane yakho kanye nethimba lokwelapha bakanye nomndeni wakho kuzo zonke izinselele kanye nayo yonke injabulo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisona isifo, ingushintsho ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Ngakho-ke esikhundleni sokufuna "ikhambi," gxila ekusekeleni ingane yakho nasekuqiniseni amandla ayo.
- Yonke ingane ene-autism ihlukile, ngakho ungabaqhathanisi nezinye izingane, kodwa qonda izidingo ezihlukile zengane yakho.
- Ukuthola lesi sifo ngokushesha okukhulu nokunikeza ukwesekwa nokwelashwa okudingekayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni lengane.
- Qaphela, yazisa, futhi ukhuthaze amakhono ahlukile engane yakho kanye namandla ayo, kanye nezinselele ebhekene nazo.
- Awuwedwa. Uma unemibuzo, noma ukukhathazeka, khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho wezingane (udokotela).
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