Wake wazibuza ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma "ibutho" elingaphakathi kwemizimba yethu, okufanele lisivikele ezifweni, ngezinye izikhathi liphambuka futhi liqale ukuhlasela izitho zethu ezinempilo? Yilokho okudabukisayo, kodwa empeleni okuhlukile esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla. Kulokhu, amasosha ethu omzimba, ibutho lokuzivikela, liqala ukuhlasela isibindi sethu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-Autoimmune Hepatitis kwezokwelapha.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Autoimmune Hepatitis?
Ake sithi kukhona ibutho elivikela izwe lethu. Umsebenzi walelo butho ukuvikela izwe ezitheni zangaphandle (okungukuthi amagciwane anjengamagciwane namagciwane). Isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela sinjalo. Sihlala siqaphile, sifuna futhi sibhubhisa amagciwane angena emzimbeni.
Kodwa, ku-Autoimmune Hepatitis, kwenzeka into exakile kakhulu. Kukhona okungahambi kahle ngalesi simiso sokuzivikela komzimba futhi sibona amangqamuzana ethu esibindi "njengesitha." Bese leli butho, noma ama-antibodies, liqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu esibindi angenacala njengoba nje lihlasela izitha zakwamanye amazwe.
Uma isibindi sihlaselwa ngale ndlela njalo, siyavuvukala futhi sivuvuke. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-hepatitis. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo monakalo unganda futhi ubangele umonakalo omkhulu esibindini.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lalokhu, ngokwelashwa okufanele, lesi sifo singalawulwa kahle kakhulu, sivimbele ukulimala kwesibindi futhi siphile impilo enempilo. Kuphela uma singalashwa lapho siba yingozi khona.
Lesi akusona isifo esivame kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kuka-10 no-50 kwabangu-100,000 bahlushwa yilesi sifo.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-hepatitis ye-autoimmune?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlukaniswa ngohlobo lwama-antibodies akhiqizwa yisimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa kuhle ukwazi uma udokotela wakho ekhuluma ngakho.
| Uhlobo | Ubani othinteka kakhulu? | Ama-antibodies athile afanele |
|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo 1 | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lungakhula kunoma ubani, kodwa luvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40. | Ama-antibodies emisipha abushelelezi (anti-SMA) kanye namanye. |
| Uhlobo 2 | Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kungaba nzima kakhulu kunohlobo lokuqala. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ebuntwaneni. | Ama-antibodies e-anti-liver-kidney microsomal-1 (anti-LKM-1). |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Into eyodwa ngalokhu ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onezimpawu. Ungase ungazi nokuthi unazo. Udokotela wakho angase akuthole ngengozi lapho ehlola igazi lesinye isimo. Kwabanye abantu, izimpawu zingase zivele ngemva kokuba ukusebenza kwesibindi kuqala ukuthikamezeka.
Uma uba nezimpawu, into yokuqala ongayibona ukukhathala okungachazeki. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele ngisho nangemva kokulala usuku lonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabona lezi zimpawu:
- Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-Jaundice)
- Ukuklwebha isikhumba
- Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhumba
- Ubuhlungu bamalunga
- Isisu esibuhlungu
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Isifiso sokudla
- Umchamo omnyama (njengombala wamanzi etiye)
- Izihlalo ezimpunga noma ezimpunga
Kungani lolu hlobo lwesifo luvela?
Abacwaningi abakakazi ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi kuyisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Lokho kusho ukuthi kubangelwa okuthile okungahambi kahle ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Kunezici eziningana okucatshangwa ukuthi zibangela lokhu:
- Ukuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo: Abanye abantu bathambekele kwezakhi zofuzo ekutholeni izifo zokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enaso, ungase ube nethuba elincane lokusithola.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Uma uke waba nokutheleleka ngegciwane njenge-Epstein-Barr, i-herpes, i-parvovirus B19, noma i-hepatitis A, B, noma i-C, "kungavuselela" isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle ngale ndlela.
- Izici Zemvelo: Ubuthi obuthile noma ezinye izehlakalo endaweni ezungezile zingabangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenze ngokweqile.
- Eminye imithi:Akuvamile ukuthi imithi ethile (isibonelo, i-nitrofurantoin, i-minocycline, kanye ne-atorvastatin) ingabangela lesi simo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungayeki ngokuzumayo ukuphuza noma yimuphi umuthi osuvele uwuthatha ngoba nje ubona lo muthi. Kungaba yingozi. Uma unokungabaza, khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe.
Ingabe i-Autoimmune Hepatitis iyathelelana?
Cha. Lutho neze. Lesi akusona isifo esithathelwanayo. Izinhlobo ze-hepatitis ezibangelwa amagciwane afana ne-Hepatitis A, B, kanye ne-C zingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye. Kodwa i-Autoimmune Hepatitis inqubo eyenzeka emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, uma uthinta umuntu onalesi sifo, noma wabelane ngokudla noma isiphuzo naye, ngeke nganoma iyiphi indlela uthole lesi sifo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Kweziguli eziyi-10, eziyi-7 ngabesifazane. Futhi, lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka eqenjini leminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 no-40.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu osevele enesifo sokuzivikela komzimba usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Autoimmune Hepatitis.
| Ezinye Izifo Ezizimele Ezihambisana Ne-Autoimmune Hepatitis |
|---|
| Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 |
| I-ulcerative colitis (izilonda emathunjini amakhulu) |
| Isifo se-Celiac (ukungezwani komzimba ne-gluten) |
| I-Vitiligo (amabala amhlophe esikhumbeni) |
| I-Sjögren's syndrome (isifo esibangela amehlo nomlomo owomile) |
| Isifo sikaGraves (indlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile) |
| Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis |
Yiziphi izinkinga eziba khona uma zingelashwa?
Yilapho sonke okudingeka sigxile khona. Uma i-Autoimmune Hepatitis ingelashwa kahle, umonakalo esibindini unganda kancane kancane futhi uholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
- I-Cirrhosis: Uma isibindi sonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana esibindi aphilile athathelwa indawo yizicubu zesilonda. Isibindi siba nzima njengedwala. Lokhu kusenza singakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi waso kahle.
- Ukwehluleka kwesibindi: Uma i-cirrhosis iba nzima, isibindi singayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusongela ukuphila.
- Umdlavuza wesibindi: Abantu abane-cirrhosis basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi.
- Imithambo ye-Varicose: Uma ukugeleza kwegazi esibindini kuvimbekile, ingcindezi emithanjeni e-esophagus nasesiswini iyakhula bese ivuvukala. Uma lokhu kuqhekeka, kungabangela ukopha okukhulu.
- Ama-Ascites: Uma isibindi singasebenzi kahle, uketshezi luqala ukuqongelela emgodini wesisu.
Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma unalezi zimpawu noma uma ukuhlolwa ngesinye isizathu kukhombisa inkinga esibindini sakho, udokotela wakho angase asole lesi sifo. Inqubo yokuxilonga ihilela izinyathelo eziningana.
1. Ukukubuza imininingwane: Udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo eminingi mayelana nezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho onalesi sifo, imithi oyiphuzayo, nokuthi uyaphuza yini utshwala.
2. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Amehlo akho nesikhumba sakho kuzohlolwa ukuthi asikho yini isiphuzi (i-jaundice), isisu sakho sizohlolwa ukuthi asinakho yini ukuvuvukala kwesibindi noma i-spleen, uketshezi esiswini, kanye nemilenze evuvukile.
3. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa isifo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi | Qiniseka ukuthi azikho ezinye izifo ezithinta isibindi, njenge-hepatitis ebangelwa yigciwane. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi | Hlola amazinga e-enzyme yesibindi sakho. Uma isibindi sonakele, la ma-enzyme aqoqana egazini. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody | Hlola igazi ukuthola ama-antibodies athile (njenge-anti-SMA, i-anti-LKM-1) ahlasela amaseli ethu. |
| Ukuskena | I-ultrasound, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI scan ingahlola ukuma, usayizi, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini umonakalo esibindini. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwesibindi (ukuhlolwa kwengxenye encane yesibindi) | Lolu wuhlolo oluqinisekisa lesi sifo isikhathi esingu-100%. Ingxenye encane kakhulu yesibindi ithathwa ngenaliti encane bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kusenza sazi kahle ukuthi lesi sifo sibucayi kangakanani. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukulawula amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile nokuvimbela ukulimala kwesibindi. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi kulokhu.
1. Ama-Corticosteroids
Le yimithi yama-steroid. Isebenza ngokunciphisa ngokushesha ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Udokotela wakho uzokuqala ngomthamo ophezulu bese ehlisa umthamo kancane kancane njengoba isimo sakho sithuthuka. Umuthi ovame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi -prednisone . Nakuba lokhu kusebenza kahle kubantu abaningi, kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Kunezinye izinketho, njenge -budesonide , kodwa azifanele abantu abane-cirrhosis.
2. Izidambisi-mzimba ezicindezela amasosha omzimba
Njengoba igama lisho, le mithi isebenza ngokucindezela amasosha omzimba, okusho ukuthi yehlisa ijubane. Ingaqalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nama-steroid, noma inikezwe ngemva kokuba umthamo wama-steroid uncishisiwe. I-Azathioprine kanye ne -CellCept® ziyimithi emibili esetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuthi zinemiphumela emibi embalwa kune-steroids, zisetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthathe le mithi ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yakho yonke.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubona imiphumela yokwelashwa?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukufeza ukuphulukiswa, okusho ukuthi zonke izimpawu nemiphumela yokuhlolwa zibuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ukukufeza.
Uma lesi sifo sesiphelile okungenani iminyaka emibili, udokotela angase anqume ukuyeka umuthi. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuyeka ukwelashwa, kunethuba lokuthi lesi sifo sizobuya (siphinde sibuye). Cishe abantu abangu-50% abaya ekuphumuleni bazophinde babuye lesi sifo futhi kudingeke baqale umuthi futhi.
Kwabanye abantu, lesi sifo asipheli ngokuphelele ngemithi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela uzozama ezinye izinhlobo zemithi. Akuvamile kakhulu, ezinye iziguli zingase zingasabeli nhlobo ekwelashweni. Uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu noma kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu, inketho yokugcina kungaba ukufakelwa isibindi .
Linjani ikusasa lomuntu ophila nalesi sifo?
Lena yinkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi, uma ingelashwa, lesi sifo siyingozi. Uma ingelashwa, cishe ama-50% eziguli ayafa zingakapheli iminyaka emi-5.
Kodwa, ngokwelashwa okufanele, isimo sihluke ngokuphelele. Ama-91% alabo abathola ukwelashwa basaphila ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10. Ama-70% asaphila ngemva kweminyaka engama-20. Lokho kusho ukuthi ngokwelashwa, ungaphila impilo ephumelelayo kakhulu, yesikhathi eside.
Ukuphila nesifo esingamahlalakhona esinjengalesi kungaba nzima ngokomzwelo. Kodwa ngokuqaphela izinketho zakho zokwelapha nokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho, ungalawula impilo yakho. Ukwelashwa okunolwazi nokuzinikela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ikusasa lakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autoimmune Hepatitis yisifo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona isibindi sakho. Asibangelwa yigciwane futhi asithelelani kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye.
- Ukukhathala okungachazeki kanye ne-jaundice kuyizimpawu ezivamile, kodwa abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu.
- Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lalokhu, imithi ingalawula lesi sifo kahle kakhulu futhi ivimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe esibindini.
- Ukwelashwa kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokuqhubekayo, ungaphila impilo ende, enempilo, nejabulisayo ngalesi sifo.
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