Wake wanikezwa uhlobo lomuthi 'we-Barbiturate' ngudokotela? Noma wake wezwa leli gama ndawana thize? Empeleni lolu uhlobo lomuthi oluphumuza ingqondo nomzimba wethu futhi lusilethele ukozela. Nakuba lolu umuthi omdala kancane, odokotela basaluncoma kwezinye izimo ezithile zezokwelapha. Kodwa kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho uwasebenzisa. Kulungile, ake sixoxe ngalawa 'ma-Barbiturate' ngokucacile.
Ayini ama-barbiturate kalula?
Kalula nje, ama-'Barbiturates' uhlobo lomuthi ocindezela, noma onciphisa ijubane, ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho sezinzwa esiyinhloko (okungukuthi, ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla). Angaphansi kwesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-'sedative-hypnotic'.
- Imithi yokudambisa ukucindezeleka: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukukuthulisa nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka.
- Ama-hypnotics: Lokhu kukwenza uzizwe ulele.
Lo muthi usebenza ngokwandisa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuthi i-`gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)` ebuchosheni bethu. I-`GABA` ilawula umsebenzi wamaseli obuchopho futhi iwenze azole kancane. Uma uthatha ama-`Barbiturates`, umphumela we-`GABA` uyanda, ngakho umsebenzi wobuchopho bakho wehla kakhulu, okwenza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ulele.
Yiziphi izimo lapho odokotela benikeza lo muthi?
Esikhathini esidlule, lawa 'ma-barbiturate' ayesetshenziswa kakhulu ukunikeza i-anesthesia ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ukufaka isiguli ebuthongweni obukhulu. Kodwa namuhla, kuye kwasungulwa imithi emisha ephephile futhi enemiphumela emibi embalwa.
Kodwa-ke, ama-barbiturate asewumuthi obalulekile kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa kakhulu:
- Vimbela futhi ulawule ukuxhuzula: Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuxhuzula kubantu abanezimo ezifana nokuxhuzula.
- Ngokuqwasha: Lokhu kunikezwa ukwelapha ukuqwasha kwesikhashana.
- Ukuzolalisa isiguli ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-anesthesia: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwengqondo kwesiguli nokusenza silale ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukulawula umfutho ophezulu wangaphakathi kwekhanda: Uma umfutho wegazi ophakeme wangaphakathi kwekhanda (`umfutho wegazi ophakeme wangaphakathi kwekhanda`) ukhuphuka esimweni esifana nokulimala kobuchopho, le mithi inganikezwa ukuze inciphise.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi kufanele uthathwe kuphela ngeseluleko sikadokotela, ngomthamo kanye nesikhathi esinqunywe nguye . Ungalokothi usebenzise imithi yabanye abantu noma uthathe okungaphezu kwalokho okunqunywe udokotela.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-barbiturates ezisetshenziswa kakhulu?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-'Barbiturates' emhlabeni. Ezinye zisetshenziswa ezweni lethu, ezinye azisetshenziswa. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame ukubonwa.
| Igama Lomuthi | Isetshenziselwani ikakhulukazi? |
|---|---|
| I-Phenobarbital | Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ukuvimbela nokulawula ukuxhuzula (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni). |
| I-Amobarbital | Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukungakwazi ukulala isikhathi esifushane kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa ezithile. |
| I-Butalbital | Lokhu akukwenziwa kuphela. Kunikezwa kanye neminye imithi efana neParacetamol, i-Aspirin, kanye ne-Caffeine ye-migraines kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. |
| I-Pentobarbital | Isetshenziselwa ukukuthulisa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi wokubulala izinzwa nokuvimbela ukuxhuzula okuqhubekayo. |
| I-Primidone | Umuthi oguqulwa ube yiPhenobarbital emzimbeni. Lo muthi unikezwa futhi ukuvimbela ukuquleka. |
Ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinzuzo zale mithi
Inzuzo eyodwa ekhethekile yama-barbiturate ukuthi ayahlukahluka ngobude besikhathi sokusebenza kwawo. Amanye akhishwa emzimbeni ngemizuzu embalwa, kanti amanye ahlala emzimbeni izinsuku eziningi. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi akhethe umuthi ofanele izidingo zesiguli.
Zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokusebenza kwazo.
| Isigaba | Isikhathi sokusebenza | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusebenza okufushane kakhulu | Isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, njengemizuzu eyi-15. | I-Methohexital |
| Okusebenza isikhathi esifushane | Cishe amahora angu-3-4. | I-Pentobarbital, i-Secobarbital |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi nendawo | Cishe amahora angu-4-6. | I-Amobarbital, i-Butalbital |
| Isebenza isikhathi eside | Amahora ayi-12 noma ngaphezulu. | I-Phenobarbital |
Yiziphi izingozi nezinkinga zama-barbiturates?
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani ama-barbiturate engasetshenziswa kabanzi njengoba ayesetshenziswa ngaphambili kungenxa yezingozi zawo nemiphumela emibi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
- Ukubekezelela, Ukuthembela, kanye Nokulutheka:
- Ukubekezelela: Uma uqhubeka nokuthatha umthamo ofanayo, umzimba wakho uyawujwayela futhi awukwazi ukuthola umphumela ofanayo njengakuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele wandise umthamo womuthi ukuze uthole umphumela ofanayo.
- Ukuthembela: Umzimba ujwayela kakhulu umuthi kangangokuthi awukwazi ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kwawo. Uma umuthi uyekwa ngokuzumayo, kungase kube nezimpawu zokuhoxa ezifana nokungahlaliseki nokuthuthumela.
- Umlutha:Lesi yisimo sengqondo. Ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, naphezu kokwazi ukuthi sizoba nemiphumela emibi, futhi umuntu uyaqhubeka nokusifuna nokusisebenzisa.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezinkinga zokuphefumula: Le mithi yehlisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi. Uma uphuza ngokweqile, ukuphefumula kwakho kungayeka ngokuphelele futhi kube yingozi empilweni. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukusebenzisana neminye imithi: Ama-barbiturates athinta ukusebenza kwesibindi sethu. Ngakho-ke, eminye imithi oyithathayo (isib. amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, imithi yokunciphisa igazi) ingasuswa emzimbeni ngokushesha, okunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.
- Izingozi komama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo: Ukuthatha lo muthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungathinta ukukhula komntwana esibelethweni. Futhi, ungadlulela enganeni ngobisi lwebele. Ngakho-ke, uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela bese uya ku-ETU?
Uma unikezwe ama-barbiturate, qhubeka nokuya emihlanganweni yakho njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshelile. Lena akuyona imithi yesikhathi eside ngokuvamile. Udokotela wakho uzohlola isimo sakho bese enquma ukuthi udinga ukuqhubeka nokuthatha imithi noma ukushintshela kwenye indlela yokwelapha.
Futhi, uma uzizwa sengathi umuthi awusebenzi kahle, noma uma imiphumela emibi iphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Isikhathi sokuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ngokushesha
Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile kwe-barbiturate zifana nezokudakwa utshwala. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, thatha isiguli usiyise ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) noma ukuphelelwa umoya Ukozela okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, noma i-coma
- Ukudideka, ukungakwazi ukucabanga kahle
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane kakhulu (bradycardia) noma mhlawumbe ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kodwa okubuthakathaka isiyezi esinzima
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- I-Hypothermia (izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomzimba)
- Ukushintsha kombala wezindebe noma izinzipho okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis) - Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
- Ukungakwazi ukugxila emehlweni, abafundi abancane noma abakhulu ngokungavamile
Ukweqisa i-barbiturate kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela impilo, ngakho-ke ungazinaki lezi zimpawu.
Kulungile yini uma ngiphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha lo muthi?
Lutho neze!Ama-barbiturates notshwala kuyinhlanganisela eyingozi kakhulu. Kokubili kucindezela uhlelo lwezinzwa, ngakho-ke uma kusetshenziswa ndawonye, imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ukumiswa kokuphefumula, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi, ngisho nokufa. Ngakho-ke, gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.
Izimpawu zokuthembela kanye nokuhoxa
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa lo muthi, umzimba wakho ungathembela kuwo. Uma uyeka ukuwuthatha ngokuzumayo, umzimba wakho uzoba nezimpawu zokuhoxa. Lokhu kungaba yingozi.
- Ukungaphumuli okukhulu kanye nokukhathazeka
- Ukuthuthumela kwesandla
- Ukudideka
- Izimo zokuxhuzula ezinzima
Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, okungukuthi, uma uzizwa ungakhululekile lapho uyeka ukuthatha umuthi, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukutshela udokotela wakho ngakho. Odokotela bayazi ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yohlobo lwale mithi. Ngemuva kwalokho, anganciphisa kancane kancane umthamo womuthi futhi akusize uyeke umuthi ngaphandle kokungakhululeki.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Barbiturates uhlobo lomuthi onciphisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, okubangela ukuzola nokozela.
- Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifana nokuquleka kanye nokungalali.
- Lo muthi kufanele uthathwe kuphela uma unqunywe udokotela. Thatha kuphela ngomthamo onqunyiwe kanye nesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
- Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuba umlutha kanye nokweqisa izidakamizwa uma uzithola uphuza utshwala. Uma ubona izimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, hamba uye ku -ETU ngokushesha.
- Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi. Kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Gcina imithi yakho ivaliwe futhi iphephile, ikakhulukazi kude nezingane kanye nabantu abasha.
- Uma unemibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma unemibuzo mayelana nomuthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokukhululekile.
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