Ingabe udokotela ukunike wena noma othandekayo wakho umuthi wokuquleka, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuqwasha? Kungenzeka ukuthi unikwe i-barbiturate. Nakuba le mithi isebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha, idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela kanye nesiqondiso sochwepheshe. Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi le mithi isebenza kanjani.
Ayini ama-Barbiturates?
Kalula nje, ama-barbiturate ayisigaba semithi esebenza njengemithi yokudambisa noma yokuhlikihla, okusho ukuthi abangela ukuphumula noma ubuthongo. Futhi ayizinto ezinamandla ezisetshenziswa ukulawula noma ukuvimbela ukuquleka.
Le mithi isebenza ngokusebenzisana ne-chemistry yobuchopho bakho. Ngokukhethekile, ithuthukisa imiphumela ye-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuthi i-GABA (i-gamma-aminobutyric acid). I-GABA empeleni "isistimu yokubhuleka" yobuchopho, eyehlisa ijubane lomsebenzi wezinzwa. Ngokukhulisa lo mphumela, ama-barbiturates adala umuzwa wokuzola, ukuphumula, kanye nokozela.
Kungani odokotela bebanikeza imithi?
Esikhathini esidlule, ama-barbiturate ayevame ukusetshenziswa njenge-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ngenxa yekhono lawo lokudala ukudambisa ubuhlungu obujulile. Namuhla, imithi emisha enemiphumela emibi embalwa ivame ukuthandwa ngale njongo.
Kodwa-ke, ama-barbiturate ahlala ebalulekile ezidingweni ezithile zezokwelapha ezibalulekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ahlanganiswa nezinye izithako ezifana ne-paracetamol ukuze kulawulwe ubuhlungu.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi:
- Ukulawula Ukuquleka: Ukusiza ukuphatha nokuvimbela ukuquleka okuphindaphindiwe ezimweni ezithile.
- Ukungalali: Kusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwesikhashana kwezinkinga ezinkulu zokulala.
- Ukuphumula ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Ukuzolisa isiguli nokukhuthaza ubuthongo ngaphambi kwenqubo yezokwelapha.
- Ukuphatha Ukucindezeleka Kwegazi Ekhanda: Ukunciphisa ingcindezi ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwekhanda ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezithile.
Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zama-Barbiturates
Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zikhona emhlabeni jikelele, akuzona zonke ezitholakalayo noma ezisetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwe. Nazi izibonelo ezivamile:
| Igama Lomuthi | Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko |
|---|---|
| I-Phenobarbital | Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuphatha nokuvimbela ukuxhuzula. |
| I-Butalbital | Isetshenziswa kancane yodwa; ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-aspirin, i-paracetamol, noma i-caffeine ukwelapha ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu lokuxineka. |
| I-Primidone | Omunye umuthi osebenzayo wokuvimbela ukuquleka. |
| I-Methohexital | Isetshenziselwa ukubulala izinzwa ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezimfushane kakhulu noma ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, njengokwelashwa nge-electroconvulsive. |
Izinzuzo kanye nobude besikhathi sesenzo
Ngenxa yokuthi le mithi isunguliwe, sinemininingwane yezokwelapha yamashumi eminyaka ngokusebenza kwayo. Ivame ukuba usizo njengezinketho zesibili lapho imithi yokuqala ingasebenzi.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ubude bazo obuhlukahlukene bokusebenza, okuvumela odokotela ukuthi bakhethe okufanelekelayo isidingo somtholampilo—kusukela ezinkethweni ezisebenza isikhathi esifushane kakhulu zokuhlinzwa okufushane kuya ekwakhiweni okusebenza isikhathi eside kokuvimbela ukuquleka okuqhubekayo.
| Isigaba | Isikhathi Esisebenzayo |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza okufushane kakhulu | Imizuzu eyi-15 noma ngaphansi (isib., i-Methohexital). |
| Okusebenza isikhathi esifushane | Cishe amahora angu-3-4 (isb., i-Pentobarbital). |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi nendawo | Cishe amahora angu-4-6 (isb., i-Butalbital). |
| Isebenza isikhathi eside | Kufika emahoreni ayi-12; ingahlala ohlelweni izinsuku eziningana (isb., i-Phenobarbital). |
Izingozi Nezinkinga
Ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu, ama-barbiturate manje asenikezwa ngokuqapha okukhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde okulandelayo:
- Ukubekezelela, Ukuthembela, kanye Nokulutha: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho ungase ube nokubekezelela, okudinga imithamo ephezulu ukuze kube nomphumela ofanayo. Ukuthembela kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho uthembele kulo muthi; ukuyeka ngokuzumayo kungabangela izimpawu ezinkulu zokuhoxa. Ukulutha kuhilela ukungakwazi ngokwengqondo ukuyeka umuthi naphezu kwemiphumela emibi.
- Izingozi Zokuphefumula Nezenhliziyo: Ama-Barbiturate anciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi. Ukweqisa izidakamizwa kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula okusongela impilo. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo (shayela u-911 noma vakashela umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze) ngokushesha uma usola ukweqisa izidakamizwa.
- Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: Ama-barbiturates athinta ama-enzyme esibindi, okungase kubangele ukuthi eminye imithi oyithathayo isuke emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu, okunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.
- Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Le mithi ibeka izingozi ezinkulu embungwini okhulayo futhi ingadlula ubisi lwebele. Yazisa udokotela wakho njalo uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele uphuze imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele futhi ulandele ngokuqinile uhlelo olunconyiwe. Ungalokothi ushintshe umthamo wakho noma uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngokwakho.
Kufanele uye nini eGumbini Lezimo Eziphuthumayo (ER)?
Uma wena noma omunye umuntu othatha ama-barbiturate ekhombisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, kungaba uphawu lokweqisa izidakamizwa.Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela impilo. Funa ukunakekelwa okusheshayo emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze noma ushayele izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ze-911/.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
- Ukudideka okukhulu noma ubunzima bokucabanga
- Ukuquleka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
- Inhliziyo eshaya kancane kakhulu (bradycardia) noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kodwa okubuthakathaka
- Isiyezi esikhulu noma i-vertigo
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi (i-hypothermia)
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni noma ezinzipho (i-cyanosis)
- Ukungakwazi ukugxila amehlo akho noma abafundi abancane noma abakhulu ngokungavamile
Izimpawu Zokulutheka Nezidakamizwa
Uma uphuzwa isikhathi esithile, umzimba wakho ungathembela kule mithi. Ukuyiyeka ngokuzumayo kungaholela ezimpawini zokuhoxa, ezihlanganisa:
- Ukungaphumuli nokukhathazeka
- Ukuthuthumela (ukuthuthumela) emilenzeni
- Ukudideka
- Ukuquleka okukhulu
Ungazithathi kalula lezi zimpawu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zingaba yingozi empilweni.
Ungesabi ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho
Sicela ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukutshela udokotela wakho uma ubhekene nalezi zimpawu. Ukuthembela ngokomzimba kule mithi kuyinto eyaziwayo yezokwelapha, futhi udokotela wakho uyakuqonda lokhu. Uma uvulekile ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unciphise ngokuphepha umuthi ngokunciphisa kancane kancane umthamo uze ukwazi ukuwuyeka ngokuphelele.
Ukubaluleka Kokugcina Imithi Ngokuphepha
Ngenxa yengozi yokusebenzisa kabi, kufanele ugcine le mithi ekhabetheni eliphezulu nelikhiyiwe. Yigcine kude nezingane kanye nentsha. Lesi sinyathelo sokuqapha sisiza ekuvimbeleni ubuthi obungazelelwe noma eminye imiphumela eyingozi ebangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
💬 🤒 Yini esingayenza ekhaya uma ingane ikhwehlela?
Ukukhwehlela kwengane kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Gxila ekugcineni ingane inamanzi amaningi futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ithola ukuphumula okwanele. Sicela ukhumbule, ungalokothi unike ama-syrup okukhwehlela ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Eminye imithi emidala ingase ibe nezingxenye ezidambisayo njenge-barbiturates ezingathinta ukuphefumula. Yingakho ukuqonda le mithi kubalulekile.
💬 🛑 Ingabe kuyingozi uma ingane ilala kakhulu ngemva kokuthatha isiraphu yokukhwehlela?
Yebo, kufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu. Eminye imithi yokukhwehlela iqukethe izithako ezicindezela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Esikhathini esidlule, ama-barbiturate ayevame ukusetshenziswa kumafomula anjalo okudambisa ubuhlungu. Nakuba engasetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhwehleleni namuhla, kubalulekile ngabazali ukuthi baqaphele lolu hlobo lwemithi.
💬 💊 Kulungile yini ukuthenga umuthi wokukhwehlela wengane ngaphandle kwekhawunta?
Lutho neze. Ukunikeza izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili umuthi wokukhwehlela ngaphandle komuthi kadokotela kungaba yingozi. Amakhemikhali athile kweminye imithi angaba nemiphumela emibi efana ne-barbiturates. Sicela ufunde lesi sihloko ukuze uqonde ukuthi ayini ama-barbiturates nokuthi awuthinta kanjani umzimba.
