Wake wazizwa sengathi isikhumba sakho noma amhlophe amehlo akho aphenduke aphuzi? Noma wake wezwa othile ethi, "Ingane iphuzi kancane, sidinga ukukhanyisa izibani" uma uya kobona umntwana osanda kuzalwa? Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi i-jaundice. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi 'i-bilirubin' emizimbeni yethu iyanda. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini le test ye-bilirubin nokuthi kungani yenziwa.
Iyini ngempela i-bilirubin?
Kalula nje, i-bilirubin iyi-pigment ephuzi-orenji ekhiqizwa lapho amangqamuzana ethu abomvu ephuka. Cabanga ngamaseli abomvu egazi emizimbeni yethu njengezisebenzi ezincane. Asebenza isikhashana bese 'ethatha umhlalaphansi', okusho ukuthi ayafa. Lo mkhiqizo ongcolile ubizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin.
Okuvamile ukuthi isibindi sethu sithatha i-bilirubin egazini, sishintshe uhlobo lwayo lwamakhemikhali, bese siyikhipha emzimbeni. Iningi layo likhishwa endle njenge-bile, kanti inani elincane likhishwa emchameni.
Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lakho le-bilirubin liphakeme kunejwayelekile, kusho ukuthi amaseli akho abomvu egazi ayaphuka ngokushesha kunejwayelekile, noma isibindi sakho asikwazi ukuhlanza kahle le bilirubin futhi siyikhiphe emzimbeni wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenzeka uma kukhona ukuvaleka endleleni ethwala i-bilirubin isuka esibindini iye esitulweni.
Kungani sidinga ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin?
Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane, odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo ukuze babheke futhi baqaphe izifo zesibindi kanye nemigudu ye-bile. Isibonelo, kungasiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezifana ne-cirrhosis, i-hepatitis, noma amatshe enyongo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia, ikakhulukazi i-hemolytic anemia, lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ebhujiswa khona ngokushesha kunalawo akhiqizwayo.
I-jaundice, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo, kwenzeka lapho amazinga e-bilirubin eba phezulu kakhulu. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Odokotela bazonquma ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yengane, izinga le-bilirubin, kanye nohlobo lwayo.
Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa?
Amazinga e-Bilirubin angalinganiswa kokubili emchameni wakho nasegazini. Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuvame ukwenziwa ukuhlola i-bilirubin. Uma umchamo wakho ubonisa i-bilirubin, udokotela wakho uzobe eseyalela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze anqume inani eliqondile egazini lakho.
Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe welebhu uzothatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti encane. Kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa, igazi livame ukuthathwa ngokwenza ukubhoboza okuncane esithendeni somntwana.
Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane kanye nalabo abesaba izinaliti, ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngaphandle kokufaka inaliti. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukulinganisa i-bilirubin nge-transcutaneous . Idivayisi encane ibekwa esifubeni noma ebunzini lomntwana bese kukhanya kuyo. Ingalinganisa amazinga e-bilirubin ngaphandle kokuthatha igazi.
Ubani okufanele abhale lolu vivinyo?
Kunezimo eziningana lapho udokotela wakho angase acele khona lolu vivinyo. Bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Izimpawu ezizwakalayo | Izimo ezisolisayo |
|---|---|
| Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice) | Isifo sesibindi, ukuvaleka kwe-bile duct, i-anemia |
| Umchamo omnyama (njengamanzi etiye) | Inkinga ngokusebenza kwesibindi |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | I-hepatitis noma ezinye izifo |
| Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa | Ukwanda kwesibindi, i-cirrhosis |
| Izihlalo ezinombala wobumba (omhlophe) | Ukuvaleka kwemisele yenyongo |
| Ukuzizwa njalo kokukhathala okukhulu | I-anemia, isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlolwa kunconywa nakulabo abaphuza utshwala ngokweqile, labo abaye bavezwa yigciwane le-hepatitis, kanye nalabo abasola ukuthi baye baba nokusabela okunobuthi emithini ethile.
Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
Ngokuvamile, uzokwaziswa ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze lutho amahora ama-4 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa . Futhi, eminye imithi oyithathayo ingathinta imiphumela yalolu vivinyo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, ngisho namavithamini.
- Imithi engakhuphula amazinga e-bilirubin ihlanganisa: amanye ama-antibiotic, ama-antimalarial, i-morphine, ama-contraceptive omlomo, kanye namanye ama-steroid.
- Imithi enganciphisa amazinga e-bilirubin: ama-barbiturates, i-caffeine, i-penicillin, kanye nemithamo ephezulu yama-salicylates.
Ithini imiphumela?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kulinganisa izinga lakho eliphelele le-bilirubin. Singakwazi futhi ukuthola amazinga ezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokwahlukana.
1. I-bilirubin engahlanganisiwe: Ibizwa nangokuthi "engaqondile." Lena yi-bilirubin 'engavuthiwe' ekhiqizwa lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ewohloka. Ihamba ngegazi iye esibindini.
2. I-bilirubin ehlanganisiwe: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "okuqondile." Ngemva kokufika esibindini, i-bilirubin 'engavuthiwe' iguqulwa ngamakhemikhali futhi yenziwe ifomu elingakhishwa emzimbeni. Leyo bilirubin 'ehlanziwe' yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-bilirubin ehlanganisiwe.
Amazinga ajwayelekile e-bilirubin
| Umuntu/Uhlobo | Izinga Elijwayelekile (mg/dl) |
| -- ...
| Abantu abadala (abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18) | Kufika ku-1.2 mg/dl (I-Bilirubin Ephelele) |
| Izingane (ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18) | Kufika ku-1.0 mg/dl (I-Bilirubin Ephelele) |
| Izinsana Ezisanda Kuzalwa | Kufika ku-12 mg/dl (I-Bilirubin Ephelele) - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu |
| Okuhlanganisiwe (Okuqondile) | Kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.3 mg/dl |
Kuthiwani uma izinga le-bilirubin liphezulu? (I-Bilirubin Ephakeme)
Uma izinga le-bilirubin lomuntu omdala liphakeme kune-2.0 mg/dl, kungaba uphawu lwe-jaundice. Uma izinga lengane esanda kuzalwa liphakeme kune-15 mg/dl, odokotela bazoqala ukwelashwa.
Izimbangela zokwanda kwe-bilirubin:
- I-anemia
- I-Cirrhosis
- Ukusabela ekumpontshelweni igazi
- I-Gilbert syndrome - Lesi yisimo esivamile, esizuzwa njengefa esibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme ephula i-bilirubin.
- I-hepatitis ebangelwa yigciwane
- Isifo sesibindi esibangelwa ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile
- Amatshe enyongo
- Ukuzivocavoca okunzima, njengokugijima i-marathon
Izimbangela zokwanda kwe-bilirubin ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa:
- Ukungafani kohlobo lwegazi phakathi kukamama nomntwana
- Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa
- Ukutheleleka okuzuzwe njengefa
- Isifo esithinta isibindi
Kuthiwani uma izinga le-bilirubin liphansi? (I-Bilirubin Ephansi)
Amazinga aphansi e-bilirubin ngokuvamile awabhekwa njengenkinga enkulu. Kungabangelwa yi-caffeine noma imithi ethile. Akuvamile ukuthi kuhlotshaniswe nezifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba.
Ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora ambalwa noma usuku ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Uma uthola imiphumela yakho, udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi isho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Bilirubin iwumkhiqizo wemvelo odakazwayo lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ewohloka.
- Uma lokhu kwanda egazini, isikhumba namehlo kuba phuzi. Sikubiza ngokuthi i-jaundice.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kungakunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yesibindi sakho, izinkinga ze-bile duct, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia.
- Uma unezimpawu ze-jaundice, noma usola isifo sesibindi, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ungakhathazeki ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile.
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