Wake wacabanga ukuthi ingxenye encane yomzimba wakho ingasindisa impilo yomuntu wonke? Kufana nento yeqhawe, akunjalo? Yilokho okushiwo ukunikela ngomnkantsha. Mhlawumbe uke wezwa ngakho, noma mhlawumbe ukubonile ku-movie. Kodwa abantu abaningi bayakwesaba kancane, abakuqondi kahle. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukunikela ngomnkantsha?
Ukunikela ngomongo wethambo inqubo yokuthatha ingxenye yomongo wethambo, okungukuthi, amaseli okuqala, kumuntu ophilile bese uyinika umuntu onesifo segazi. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuvuna umongo wethambo".
Cabanga ngale ndlela, ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu omzimba wethu, njengethambo lesinqe kanye ne-sternum, kukhona izicubu ezithambile ezifana nesiponji. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umongo wamathambo . Lena 'imboni yokwenza igazi' yomzimba wethu. Amaseli abomvu egazi owadingayo ukuze uphile, amaseli amhlophe egazi akuvikela ezifweni, ama-platelet asiza ekugoqeni igazi uma uphuma igazi, konke lokhu kwenziwa uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lweseli ngaphakathi kwalo mongo wamathambo. Siwabiza ngokuthi amaseli okuqala .
Manje, lapho abanye abantu beba nomdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia noma i-aplastic anemia, 'ifektri yabo yokwenza igazi' iyayeka ukusebenza kahle. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho la maseli okuqala athathwe emnkantsheni womuntu ophilile enikezwa leso siguli, lawo maseli ayahamba ayohlala emnkantsheni wesiguli bese eqala ukwenza igazi elisha nelinempilo. Kufana nokususa umshini ophukile bese ufaka umshini omusha sha ukuze uqalise kabusha ifektri.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu onikela ngomnkantsha angazizwa ubuhlungu phakathi nale nqubo, ngoba kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.
Kungani abanye abantu bedinga ukufakelwa umnkantsha?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lesi sidingo sivela lapho umongo womuntu ungasebenzi kahle noma ukhiqiza amangqamuzana anesifo. Njalo ngonyaka, izinkulungwane zabantu ziba nezimo ezingelapheka ngokufakelwa umongo. Ukufakelwa umongo wethambo kwenziwa ikakhulukazi kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Umdlavuza okhula egazini (isib. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma (i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma))
- Izifo lapho umongo wethambo ungasebenzi kahle (isib. i-aplastic anemia)
- Ezinye izifo zegazi ezizuzwa njengefa (isb. i-thalassemia)
- Ubuthakathaka besistimu somzimba
Esigulini esinjengalesi, ukuthola umongo omusha, onempilo kufana nokuthola impilo yesibili.
Inselelo enkulu: Ukuthola umuntu ofanele!
Inselele enkulu lapha ukuthola okulungele isiguli.Ukuthola umuntu onikela ngomongo. Ngingawuhlola kanjani lo mlinganiso?
Cabanga nje ukuthi yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu 'inekhadi lobunikazi'. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) . Lezi uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini olutholakala egazini lethu. Manje, ukuze kufakwe umongo wethambo kothile, amakhadi obunikazi, noma izinhlobo ze-'HLA', zomnikeli kanye nomemukeli kumele zifane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kalula nje, zifana nokukhiya nokhiye. Uma lokhu kufana kuphelele kuphela lapho umzimba uzokwamukela khona amaseli asanda kufakelwa ngaphandle kokuwalahla 'njengezitha zakwamanye amazwe'.
Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe abantu abangu-30% bayakwazi ukuthola umuntu onikela ngomnkantsha ofanelana nomuntu emndenini wabo (umfowabo noma udadewabo). Kodwa abanye abangu -70% kumele bathole lesi sipho sokuphila kumuntu ongaphandle komndeni, umuntu abangamazi ngisho nokumazi. Yingakho ukubhaliswa kwabanikela ngomnkantsha kugcinwa emhlabeni wonke.
Ingabe uhlanga noma ubuzwe kuyathinta ukufana?
Yebo. Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amathuba okufaniswa kwe-HLA aphezulu phakathi kwabantu bohlanga noma isizinda esifanayo sohlanga. Izakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukuzivikela kwethu komzimba zibonisa umehluko othile kuye ngokuthi singohlanga luni.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umuntu eSri Lanka edinga ukufakelwa umongo, unethuba elihle lokuthola umnikeli ofanele eSri Lanka. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu abavela kuzo zonke izinhlanga nemiphakathi babhalise njengabanikeli bomongo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma othile ewudinga, uzokwazi ukuthola umnikeli ofanele ngokushesha.
Ngingabhalisa kanjani ukuba ngumnikeli womnkantsha?
Uma ufuna ukubhalisa njengomnikeli womnkantsha eSri Lanka, kunezindawo eziningana eziyinhloko lapho ungathola khona ulwazi. I-National Cancer Institute, iMaharagama idlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Ungathola futhi okwengeziwe ngalokhu nge-National Blood Transfusion Service.
Inqubo yokubhalisa ivame ukuhamba kanje:
1. Ukunikeza ulwazi: Okokuqala, sizothola ulwazi oluyisisekelo kanye nemininingwane mayelana nesimo sakho sempilo.
2. Ukuthatha isampula: Okulandelayo, kuthathwa isampula ukuthola uhlobo lwakho lwe-'HLA'. Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthathe amangqamuzana ambalwa ku-'cheek swab' ngaphakathi komlomo wakho. Noma kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe inani elincane kakhulu legazi.
3. Ukubhalisa: Uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA luyahlaziywa bese lolo lwazi lufakwa kurejista yabanikeli.
Ngemva kwalokho, akukho ongakwenza. Uzoxhumana kuphela uma uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA lufana nesiguli noma kuphi emhlabeni. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuthi nje ubhalisile akusho ukuthi uzoba ngumnikeli womnkantsha. Ungase ungaphinde uthole ucingo. Kodwa uma wenza kanjalo, kusho ukuthi unethuba lokusindisa impilo yomunye umuntu.
Yiziphi izizathu zokungafaneleki ukunikela ngomnkantsha?
Nakuba noma ubani amukelekile ukujoyina lo mkhankaso omuhle, iziqu ezithile zempilo ziyacatshangelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komnikeli kanye nomemukeli. Lezi zimo ezilandelayo ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezingafaneleki ukunikela ngomnkantsha.
| Isizathu sokungafaneleki | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Ngokuvamile, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 abavunyelwe ukunikela. |
| I-HIV/AIDS | Umuntu onegciwane lesandulela ngculazi akakwazi ukunikela. |
| Izimo ezinzima ze-arthritis | Izimo ezinzima njenge- rheumatoid arthritis . |
| Izifo ezizenzakalelayo | Izifo ezizivikela ngokuzenzakalelayo yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ahlasela khona umzimba. |
| Izifo zokujiya kwegazi | Izifo ezihlobene negazi ezifana ne -hemophilia . |
| Umdlavuza | Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa (i-chemotherapy, i-radiation) komdlavuza ngaphambilini. |
| Isifo sikashukela | Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abathatha imijovo ye -insulin abakwazi ukunikela. |
| Isifo senhliziyo | Izimo zenhliziyo ezinzima. |
| I-Hepatitis B noma C | Uma lokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane kukhona emzimbeni. |
| Isifo sezinso | Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. |
Lolu hlu aluphelele. Uma unesifiso sokunikela, kodwa unesifo esithile, kungcono ukuxoxa ngaso nodokotela wakho . Uzokwazi ukubuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi anqume ukuthi ungumuntu ofanele yini.
Isebenza kanjani inqubo yokunikela ngomnkantsha wamathambo?
Cabanga nje, usubhalisiwe, futhi ngolunye usuku uthola ucingo oluthi ulungele isiguli. Kwenzekani ngemva kokwamukela? Ake sibheke isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
1. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Okokuqala, impilo yakho iyonke izohlolwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungele ngokuphelele lokhu. Kulokhu, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC), ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso nesibindi (i-CMP), kanye nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi sokujiya kwegazi (i-PTT).
- Ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka: Hlola izifo ezahlukahlukene ezithelelanayo njenge-HIV, i-hepatitis, kanye ne-cytomegalovirus (CMV).
- Ezinye izivivinyo: Kwenziwa i-ECG kanye ne-X-ray yesifuba ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, udokotela we-anesthesia uzokuxilonga futhi akulungiselele ukuhlinzwa.
2. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Lokhu kwenzeka ekamelweni lokuhlinza.
- Okokuqala, uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu , uzobe ulele ngokuphelele.
- Bazokuphendula esiswini sakho bakubeke phansi.
- Udokotela ufaka inaliti ekhethekile engenalutho esikhumbeni ngemuva kwethambo lakho lesinqe bese ekhipha uketshezi lomnkantsha.
- Kungani kufanele ukhethe ithambo lesinqe? Ngoba liqukethe amaseli ethambo kanye nama-stem cell anempilo kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.
- Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ufake inalithi izikhathi eziningana ukuze uthole inani elidingekayo.
- Ngokuvamile, kutholakala phakathi kwamaphayinti angu-1 nama-2 (cishe ilitha elingu-0.5 - 1) lomnkantsha wamathambo oketshezi. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengokuningi, kuyintoNgaphansi kuka-10% womnkantsha wakho wonke. Umzimba wakho uyakha kabusha leli nani phakathi namasonto ambalwa.
- Yonke inqubo ithatha cishe ihora .
3. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa
- Uzoyiswa egumbini lokululama. Kuzodingeka uhlale lapho cishe ihora.
- Abahlengikazi bazokulinda ukuthi uphinde uqonde futhi bazohlala behlola izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi.
- Kuzofakwa ibhandishi lapho inaliti ifakwe khona. Bazohlola futhi ukuthi akukho yini ukopha okungajwayelekile.
- Uma usukwazi ukuphuza uketshezi, ithubhu ye-saline (ithubhu ye-IV) izosuswa.
- Abahlengikazi bazokukhuthaza ukuthi wenze izinto ezinjengokuphefumula okujulile nokukhwehlela ukuze kusize ekunciphiseni imiphumela yokungalali kahle.
Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kancane futhi unesicanucanu. Kodwa lokho kuzothuthuka kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile ungaya ekhaya kusihlwa noma ngakusasa. Kodwa awukwazi ukushayela wena, udinga umuntu ozokushayela.
Imiphumela emibi kanye nesikhathi sokululama
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezincane kakhulu. Kukhona ukusabela okungenzeka ku-anesthesia, izifo, kanye nomonakalo emsipheni noma emisipheni lapho inaliti ifakwe khona. Kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu .
Ngesikhathi sokululama, ungase ubhekane nalokhu:
- Ubuhlungu emhlane ongezansi kanye nasesinqeni: Ungase uzizwe ubuhlungu futhi uqine izinsuku ezimbalwa, njengokungathi ulimele. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uthathe umuthi olula wokuqeda izinhlungu (isib. i-paracetamol) ngalokhu.
- Ukuphuka: Indawo lapho inaliti ifakwe khona ingaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukukhathala: Abanye abantu bazizwa bekhathele futhi benenkinga yokuhamba izinsuku eziningana.
- Ukuntuleka kwensimbi: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo zensimbi izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze usize ekubuyiseleni amazinga amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi.
Iningi labantu lingabuyela emisebenzini yalo evamile ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuphumula . Kungathatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ukululama ngokugcwele.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwaneliseka kwengqondo okutholayo kule nqubo. Umuzwa wokuthi omunye umuntu, mhlawumbe ingane encane, usephila futhi ngenxa yakho awunakuqhathaniswa. Leyo yinzuzo enkulu lapha.
Uma uba nezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu endaweni yokujova, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
Ekugcineni, ingabe umnikeli nomamukeli bangahlangana? Yebo. Kodwa kuphela uma bobabili befuna. Lezi zinhlangano ezixhumanisayo ziyasiza futhi ekuhleleni imihlangano enjalo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngomnkantsha kuyisenzo esihle esingasindisa impilo yomuntu ohlushwa izifo ezibulalayo njengomdlavuza wegazi.
- Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ephelele, ukuze umnikeli angazizwa ubuhlungu . Kuwukuhlinzwa okuphephile kakhulu.
- Inselele enkulu ukuthola i- HLA efanela isiguli. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubhalisa abanikeli abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Umzimba wakho uzovuselela inani lomnkantsha owutholayo zingakapheli amasonto ambalwa , futhi ngeke ukubangele umonakalo wesikhathi eside.
- Uma unesifiso sokuba ngumnikeli, ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe ezikhungweni ezifana neMaharagama Apeksha Hospital noma iNational Blood Donation Service.
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