Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu? Njengenethiwekhi yemigwaqo edolobheni elikhulu, imizimba yethu igcwele imithambo yegazi (noma imithambo yegazi, uma sikhuluma ngokuqondile, imithambo yegazi). Lena yileyo ethwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba esizidingayo ukuze siphile kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngomthambo wegazi obaluleke kakhulu kulesi simiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, osebenza njengomgwaqo omkhulu. Lowo yi -Brachiocephalic Artery . Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile, umsebenzi eliwenzayo mkhulu kakhulu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Brachiocephalic Artery?
Cabanga ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iyiphampu yamanzi eyinhloko emzimbeni wakho. Le phampu ithumela igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke ngepayipi elijiyile kakhulu nelinamandla. Siyibiza ngokuthi i-aorta . Le aorta iphuma enhliziyweni bese igoba njengesibambo selulwane bese yehla. Igatsha lokuqala nelikhulu kunawo wonke eliphuma kuleyo ngqimba, okungukuthi, i-aortic arch , libizwa ngokuthi i-brachiocephalic artery.
Kalula nje, lo mthambo wegazi omkhulu otholakala ohlangothini oluphezulu kwesokudla lwesifuba sethu, osuka ku-aorta. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngegazi ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kwesokudla zomzimba wethu, okungukuthi ingalo yesokudla, uhlangothi lwesokudla lwentamo, kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho .
Amanye amagama amabili asetshenziswa kulokhu:
- Isiqu se-Brachiocephalic: 'Isiqu' sisho isiqu. Sibizwa kanjalo ngoba eminye imithambo emibili emikhulu iqala lapha.
- I-Innominate Artery: Leli igama elidala kancane.
Ngakho-ke lokhu kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu.
Yini ngempela eyenziwa yilo mthambo?
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthwala igazi elihlanzekile neligcwele umoya-mpilo eliphampathwa yinhliziyo liye ezithweni ezingenhla kwesokudla somzimba. Cabanga nje, ubhala ngesandla sakho sokunene, uphakamise isisindo, bese udla. Konke lokhu kudinga amandla avela emisipheni engalweni yakho yokunene. Ukuze uthole lawo mandla, udinga ukuthola umoya-mpilo njalo. Indlela eyinhloko enikeza lelo gazi elicebile umoya-mpilo engalweni yokunene iqala ngalo mthambo we-brachiocephalic.
Kunjalo nangobuchopho bethu. Ubuchopho abukwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle komoya-mpilo ngisho nomzuzwana. Futhi yibo obuhlinzeka ngengxenye yegazi elidingekayo ukuze uhlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho lusebenze. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nezicubu ezingakwesokudla kwentamo nobuso bethu nazo zinikezwa igazi ngamagatsha aphuma kulo.
Kalula nje, ukusebenza kahle kwengalo yakho yesokudla, intamo, kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho bakho kuncike kulo mthambo wegazi omncane, kodwa onamandla kakhulu.
Ingabe leli payipi lithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo noma igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo?
Igazi elihlanzekile nelinomoya-mpilo impela. Leli gazi elihlanzekile, eliphampulwa ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo yethu, liphuma nge-aorta bese lingena emthanjeni we-brachiocephalic. Leli gazi libe selihamba liye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba, linikeze umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba, bese libuya njengegazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo ngemithambo yegazi.
Ikuphi le mithambo emzimbeni?
Itholakala ohlangothini oluphezulu kwesokudla lwesifuba sethu, ngaphezu kancane kwenhliziyo nangaphansi kwentamo. Ngokwezokwelapha, le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Mediastinum . Lesi yisikhala esibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba inhliziyo, i-trachea, kanye neminye imithambo yegazi eminingi emikhulu itholakala ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala.
Nakuba leli yigatsha lokuqala elivela ku-aorta arch, akulona igatsha lokuqala elivela ku-aorta uqobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithambo yenhliziyo , ehlinzeka ngegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo, iqala ku-aorta ekhuphukayo. Ngakho-ke imithambo yenhliziyo empeleni iyigatsha lokuqala le-aorta.
Amagatsha amabili ayinhloko omthambo we-brachiocephalic
Lo mthambo uhamba cishe ngamasentimitha angu-4-5 phezulu bese uhlukana ube amagatsha amabili amakhulu eduze kwejoyinti lapho i-clavicle ne-sternum kuhlangana khona ohlangothini lwethu lokunene. Sibiza lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngokuthi ukuhlukana okubili .
| Igama Lomthambo | Izindawo eziyinhloko zokunikezwa kwegazi |
|---|---|
| Umthambo We-Subclavian Wesokudla | Inikeza igazi engalweni yonke yesokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlinzeka ngegazi ekhanda, entanyeni, nakwezinye izingxenye zesifuba. |
| Umthambo We-Carotid Ovamile Ongakwesokudla | Inikeza igazi ebuchosheni, ebusweni, nasezicutshini ohlangothini lwesokudla lwentamo. |
Lo mthambo wenziwe ngani?
Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, lena inodonga olwakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
- I-Tunica Intima: Lena ungqimba olubushelelezi nolungaphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kalula ngaphandle kokujiya.
- I-Tunica Media:Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi lwemisipha. Lufana ne-elastic. Lungafinyela futhi lunwebeke uma kudingeka. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye nokugeleza kwegazi.
- I-Tunica Adventitia: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu oluvikelayo. Lunikeza umthambo amandla nesimo.
Ingabe lo mthambo uyafana emzimbeni womuntu wonke? (Ukuhlukahluka kokwakheka komzimba)
Cha. Imizimba yabantu abaningi injengoba ngichazile ekuqaleni, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nomehluko omncane. Lokhu ngokuvamile akubangeli izinkinga ezinkulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Anatomic Variations .
Imithambo emithathu emikhulu ivame ukuvela e-aorta arch:
1. Umthambo We-Brachiocephalic
2. Umthambo We-Subclavian Ongakwesokunxele
3. Umthambo We-Carotid Ovamile Wesobunxele
Kodwa kwabanye abantu, le ndlela ingahluka. Isibonelo, umthambo we-brachiocephalic kanye nomthambo we-carotid wesobunxele ovamile kungavela esiqwini esifanayo. Bese amagatsha amabili amakhulu aqala ekugobeni kwe-aorta. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, njenge -CT scan, okwenziwa ngesinye isizathu.
Ingabe kunemithambo emibili ye-brachiocephalic, kwesokudla nakwesobunxele?
Iningi labantu linomthambo owodwa we-brachiocephalic, futhi ungohlangothini lwesokudla. Kodwa akuvamile ukuthi abanye abantu babe nalo mthambo ohlangothini lwesokudla nolwesobunxele ngenxa yokungafani kwesakhiwo emizimbeni yabo.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta lo mthambo?
Nakuba lo mthambo uqinile, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingadala umonakalo omkhulu kuwo .
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-tracheo-innominate fistula (TIF) | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo, esingasongela ukuphila. Abanye abantu banenkinga yokuphefumula futhi bafakwa ipayipi ngembobo entanyeni yabo (i-tracheostomy). Uma leli payipi lishiywa endaweni yalo isikhathi eside, lingabangela ukuxhumana okungavamile (i-fistula) phakathi kwe-trachea nomthambo we-brachiocephalic oseduze. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha okukhulu futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. |
| I-atherosclerosis | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-cholesterol namafutha kwakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, kunciphisa ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi. Kufana nokugqwala okwakheka epayipini lamanzi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi. Lesi simo sivame ukuthinta imithambo yegazi ye-carotid entanyeni, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi imithambo yegazi ye-brachiocephalic nayo ingathinteka. Lokhu kunganciphisa inani legazi eligeleza liye ebuchosheni nasezingalweni. |
| I-Aneurysm | I-aneurysm yindawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lomthambo ovuvukala njengebhaluni. Lokhu kufana nendawo ebuthakathaka ethayini lemoto evuvukala njengebhamuza. Lesi yisimo esingavamile se-aneurysm emthanjeni we-brachiocephalic. Kodwa uma kwenzeka, kunengozi yokuthi iqhume. |
Siwugcina kanjani lo mthambo oyigugu uphilile?
Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ugcine yonke imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho iphilile, hhayi nje kuphela umthambo we-brachiocephalic. Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho yonke yenhliziyo.
- Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kuwumonakalo omkhulu ongawenza emithanjeni yakho.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti kanye noshukela ngangokunokwenzeka. Yidla izithelo eziningi, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye nokudla okucebile nge-fiber.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Zivocavoce ngandlela thile, njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili, okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi isisindo somzimba sinjani ngobude bakho.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka. Izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzibandakanya nomsebenzi omuhle wokuzilibazisa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.
- Sebenzisa imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Uma unezimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, noma i-cholesterol ephezulu, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi.
- Lala ngokwanele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu omdala alale amahora angu-7-9 ngosuku ukuze inhliziyo yakhe ibe nempilo enhle.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo. Bona udokotela wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe ngokuphelele.
Ukufunda ngesakhiwo somzimba wethu (i-anatomy) kungaba nzima kancane. Kodwa futhi kuyinto emangalisayo kakhulu. Ungase ufunde ngalezi zinto ngenxa yesimo sempilo, noma ngenxa nje yokuthola ulwazi. Kodwa-ke, uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umthambo we-brachiocephalic uwumthambo wegazi omkhulu osuka e-aorta yenhliziyo.
- Lokhu kunikeza igazi elinomoya-mpilo kakhulu engalweni yesokudla yomzimba, entanyeni yesokudla, kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho.
- Ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amabili amakhulu: i-Right Subclavian kanye ne-Right Common Carotid.
- Izimo ezifana nokufakwa kwe-cholesterol (atherosclerosis) kanye nokuba buthaka nokuvuvuka kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi (i-aneurysm) kungathinta lo mthambo wegazi.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema), ungagcina lo mthambo kanye nohlelo lwakho lonke lwenhliziyo luphilile.
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nendlela umzimba wakho osebenza ngayo, ungangabazi ukuxoxa ngayo nodokotela wakho.
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