Uyazi ngomthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu? Ake sifunde ngakho kalula (i-Vena Cava).

Umzimba wethu unjengomshini omangalisayo, akunjalo? Ukuze lo mshini uqhubeke usebenza, yonke ingxenye idinga ukuthola umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngegazi. Inhliziyo ifana nephampu yamanzi, ithumela igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa, ngemva kokusetshenziselwa imisebenzi yomzimba, igazi elilahlekelwe umoya-mpilo kudingeka libuyiselwe enhliziyweni, akunjalo? Yingakho umzimba wethu unezindlela ezimbili ezikhethekile "eziyinhloko". Namuhla sikhuluma ngaleyo mithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko, i-'Vena Cava'.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Vena Cava?

Kulula kakhulu. I-Vena Cava iyimithambo emibili emikhulu emzimbeni wethu. Imithambo yegazi iyimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye enhliziyweni. Lena ifana nemigwaqo emibili emikhulu. Lonke igazi "elisetshenzisiwe" elikhishwe umoya-mpilo eliqoqwe kuwo wonke umzimba liyiswa enhliziyweni ngale mithambo emibili emikhulu.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinhlobo zemithambo:

1. I-Superior Vena Cava: Lona umthambo wesibili ngobukhulu emzimbeni wethu. Igama elithi "Superior" lisho "ngaphezulu." Futhi, lo mthambo uqoqa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, intamo, ikhanda, izingalo, kanye nesifuba esingaphezulu, bese ulibuyisela enhliziyweni.

2. I-Vena Cava Engaphansi: Lona umthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Igama elithi "engaphansi" lisho "ephansi." Ngakho-ke, lo mthambo uqoqa futhi ulethe igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba wethu, njengemilenze, isisu, izinso, nesibindi, liye enhliziyweni.

Cabanga ngalokhu njengokungathi kufana nemizila yamabhasi eSri Lanka. Kunjengokungathi amabhasi amancane (imithambo emincane) avela edolobhaneni ngalinye lezwe afika edolobheni elikhulu bese esuka lapho ehlangana nomgwaqo omkhulu (i-vena cava) oholela eColombo. Imithambo yegazi emincane evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba ihlangana nale mithambo emibili emikhulu bese iletha igazi esiteshini esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi "iColombo", okusho "inhliziyo".

Uyini umsebenzi wangempela wale mithambo emibili?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko nowukuphela kwale mithambo emibili ukuthutha igazi "elingcolile" eligcwele umoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide libuyele enhliziyweni emzimbeni wonke.

Ake sibone ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani:

• Igazi elivela kokubili ku-vena cava ephezulu nephansi liqoqana e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.
• Bese lelo gazi liya e-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo.
• Leli gazi lidonswa lisuka kwi-ventricle yesokudla liye emaphashini ngemithambo ye-pulmonary .
• Umlingo wangempela wenzeka emaphashini. Asusa i-carbon dioxide egazini bese enezela umoya-mpilo kulo ukuze siphefumule. Kufana "nokuhlanza" igazi.
• Igazi "elihlanzekile" manje, eligcwele umoya-mpilo, libuyela e-atrium yesobunxele yenhliziyo.
• Ukusuka lapho iya e-ventricle yesobunxele , bese iphuma lapho iphampulwe iye emzimbeni wonke nge -aorta .

Lo mjikelezo uyaqhubeka. Ngakho-ke uyabona, lo mjikelezo ubungeke uphelele ngaphandle kwale mithambo emibili, akunjalo? Ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ikuphi iVena Cava? Ibukeka kanjani?

Yomibili le mithambo itholakala ngakwesokudla kwenhliziyo. I-Superior Vena Cava itholakala ngakwesokudla kwe-sternum, ithambo elikhulu eliphakathi kwesifuba sethu. Ixhuma ngqo ne-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.

I-vena cava engaphansi iyinde kancane. Iqala lapho imithambo emibili emikhulu esiswini sethu ihlangana khona. Ukusuka lapho, iya phezulu bese ixhuma e-atrium efanele yenhliziyo.

Ngokuphathelene nosayizi:

• I-vena cava ephakeme (i-SVC): Cishe amasentimitha angu-7 (cishe amasentimitha angu-3) ubude kanye namasentimitha angu-2 (ngaphansi kwe-intshi) ububanzi.
• I-vena cava ephansi (IVC): ubude obungamamilimitha ayi-100 (cishe amasentimitha angu-4). Ububanzi obungaba ngamamilimitha angu-22 (cishe isentimitha).

Izindonga zazo zakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaseli, izicubu ezixhumanisayo, imicu yezinzwa, kanye nezicubu zemisipha, okuzinika ukuguquguquka namandla eziwadingayo.

Yiziphi izimo ezingathinta i-Vena Cava?

Njengazo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba, le mithambo emibili emikhulu ingaba nezinkinga. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi kukhona ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi kwale mithambo. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kuvimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kahle enhliziyweni. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi 'i-Vena Cava Syndrome'. Kuye ngokuthi umthambo uvimbekile, lokhu kungaba 'i-Superior Vena Cava Syndrome' noma 'i-Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome'.

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• Isimila: Isimila, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu, singakhula futhi sibeke ingcindezi kulo mthambo.
• Amahlule Egazi: Ihlule legazi lingakheka ngaphakathi emthanjeni bese liwuvimba. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-catheter noma ama-pacemaker afakwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa angandisa ingozi yamahlule egazi.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwasebuntwini: Abanye abantu bangase bazalwe benesici kule mithambo.

Izimpawu ezivela kulesi simo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inkinga ikuphi.

Uhlola kanjani impilo yale mithambo yegazi?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzoqala akuhlole bese engenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa imbangela eqondile yenkinga.

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba.
• Ukuskena nge-ultrasound: Ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba kusetshenziswa amaza omsindo.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa izithombe zekhompyutha ezikhethekile ukudala umbono womzimba ohlanganisa izingxenye.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Ukufanekisa Ukuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic):Ukuthola izithombe ezicacile zomzimba usebenzisa insimu yamagnetic.
• I-Coronary Angiography: Ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa ama-X-ray ukubheka ukugeleza kwegazi ngokufaka idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izinkinga ezinjalo?

Indlela yokwelapha incike embangela yenkinga. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okukufanele kakhulu.

• Imithi: Ama-diuretics noma ama-steroid anganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Uma kukhona amahlule egazi, anganikezwa imithi yokuwancibilikisa (ama-thrombolytics) noma ukuvimba amahlule engeziwe ukuthi akheke (ama-anticoagulants).
• Ukususwa kwamahlule egazi: Ngezinye izikhathi ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) lingadluliswa emthanjeni ukuze kususwe amahlule egazi.
• I-Angioplasty kanye ne-Stent: Ukufaka umoya endaweni evinjiwe ngedivayisi efana nebhaluni bese ufaka ithubhu elincane elifana ne-mesh (stent) ukuze lingayinciphisi futhi.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Uma isimila sibangela ukuvaleka, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukuze kususwe isimila. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kungenziwa ukuze kudalwe indlela entsha yokugeleza kwegazi.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: Uma umdlavuza uyimbangela, kungadingeka ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe.
• Isihlungi se-Vena Cava: Uma une-blood clot emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze yakho (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) futhi usengozini ye-pulmonary embolism, udokotela wakho angafaka isihlungi esincane ku-inferior vena cava. Lokhu kuvimbela i-clot ukuthi ikhuphukele emlenzeni.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine le mithambo ebalulekile iphilile?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina yonke imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu iphilile, hhayi nje imithambo emibili ye-vena cava. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukusiza.

• Ukudla okuhle: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukudla ukudla okunamafutha agcwele futhi okunezithelo nemifino eminingi.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Hlala umatasa nsuku zonke. Ngisho nento elula njengokuhamba noma ukugijima ingenza umehluko omkhulu.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka akukuhle emithanjeni yegazi yakho. Khulula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla.
• Lawula ezinye izifo: Uma unezifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, noma isifo sikashukela, zilawule kahle ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Lezi zifo zingalimaza imithambo yegazi.

Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo kulesi sihloko, sicela ungakuzibi. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko. Ukulandela ukwelashwa akunikezile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ululame ngokushesha.