Ukwesaba nokukhathazeka okufika ezingqondweni zethu lapho sithola ukuthi sinomdlavuza akunakuchazwa ngamazwi. Kodwa namuhla, ngesayensi yezokwelapha ethuthukisiwe, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zokwelapha nokulawula umdlavuza. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngendlela yokwelapha okungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uyizwe, kodwa isebenza kahle kakhulu. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi i-Brachytherapy. Lokhu ukwelashwa kwemisebe ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Kuyini i-Brachytherapy?
Kalula nje, i-brachytherapy uhlobo lokwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi yomdlavuza. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe okuvamile, umshini ovela ngaphandle komzimba uletha imisebe esigaxeni. Kodwa le ndlela ihlukile.
Lapha, idivayisi, njengembewu encane, ama-pellets, noma ama-capsule aqukethe izinto ezikhipha imisebe, ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphakathi noma eduze kakhulu nesimila. Cabanga ngakho njengokukhanyisa isibani esincane eduze kwesimila. Imisebe ekhishwa yile divayisi iya ngqo emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza bese iwabhubhisa.
Inzuzo enkulu lapha ukuthi iningi lemisebe lilethwa ngqo kumdlavuza, kanti umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungeze umdlavuza mncane kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela imiphumela emibi embalwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa kodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, njengokwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT) noma ukuhlinzwa.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-brachytherapy?
Yebo, le ndlela yokwelapha ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: izimila zesikhashana kanye nezimila ezihlala njalo. Ake sibone ukuthi umehluko uyini.
| Uhlobo lokwelashwa | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izimila Zesikhashana | |
| Izinga Lomthamo Ophansi (LDR) | Ngale ndlela, idivayisi yemisebe ishiywa emzimbeni izinsuku eziyi-1 kuya kweziyi-7, ikhipha njalo imithamo ephansi yemisebe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, udokotela uyayisusa idivayisi. |
| Izinga Lomthamo Ophakeme (i-HDR) | Umthamo omkhulu kakhulu wemisebe ulethwa isikhathi esifushane, ngokuvamile imizuzu eyi-10-20. Idivayisi isuswa ekupheleni kweseshini ngayinye yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kungenziwa kabili ngosuku izinsuku ezifika kwezi-5 noma kanye ngesonto amasonto afika kwezi-5. |
| Izimila Ezihlala Njalo | |
| Ukufakelwa Kwembewu | Ngale ndlela, imbewu encane enemisebe ifakwa unomphela esimila. Lezi zikhipha imithamo ephansi yemisebe amasonto noma izinyanga eziningana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebe iyaphela, futhi imbewu engasebenzi ihlala emzimbeni. Ayisuswa. |
Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lusetshenziselwa ziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza?
I-Brachytherapy isebenza kahle kakhulu kumdlavuza wendawo ongakasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ezinye zezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu okusetshenziselwa lokhu kwelashwa yilezi:
- Umdlavuza we-prostate
- Umdlavuza wezifo zabesifazane (isibonelo, umdlavuza wesibeletho, wesibeletho, noma wesitho sangasese sowesifazane)
- Umdlavuza webele
- Umdlavuza wamehlo
- Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokwelashwa?
Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela wakho akwazi ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho, uzokuhlola futhi athathe umlando wezokwelapha ophelele. Kungase kudingeke futhi enze izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena.
Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile yalokho okudingeka ukwenze ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Ngokuvamile ungase ucelwe ukuba wenze izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Yeka ukuthatha imithi ethinta ukujiya kwegazi (isib., imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulant), imithi yokunciphisa izinhlungu njenge-NSAID) isikhashana, njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho.
- Ukuhlanza amathumbu usebenzisa i-enema ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
- Gwema ukudla nokuphuza amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuya esibhedlela.
- Ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela le miyalelo ngqo.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Indlela yokwelapha iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza onawo kanye nohlobo lwe-brachytherapy olukhethayo (i-LDR, i-HDR, noma i-permanent). Iyahlukahluka futhi kuye ngokuthi idivayisi yemisebe ibekwe kuphi.
- Ukwelashwa nge-Interstitial brachytherapy: Yilapho idivayisi ifakwa khona ngqo ngaphakathi kwesimila. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa umdlavuza we-prostate, eminye imidlavuza yabesifazane, kanye nomdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile (ama-sarcoma).
- I-Intracavity brachytherapy: Yilapho idivayisi ifakwa khona ngaphakathi kwembobo emzimbeni, eduze kwesimila. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa emidlavuzeni yabesifazane efana neyesibeletho kanye nesibeletho.
Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia (i-anesthesia) ukuze uvikeleke ekuzweleni ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Uma usukhululekile, i-Radiation Oncologist izolandela lezi zinyathelo:
1. Ukufakwa kwe-catheter noma i-applicator: Kufakwa ithubhu (i-catheter) noma idivayisi (i-applicator) ukuze kuhanjiswe izinto ezikhipha imisebe endaweni yomdlavuza. Lokhu kuqondiswa endaweni eqondile ngokuskena.
2. Ukufakwa kwedivayisi yemisebe: Okulandelayo, idivayisi yemisebe ithunyelwa ngepayipi iye noma eduze kwesimila. Imisebe ekhishwa yilokhu ibhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
3. Ukususa idivayisi (ukwelashwa kwesikhashana kuphela): Endleleni ye-HDR, idivayisi isuswa ngemva kweseshini eyodwa yokwelashwa. Endleleni ye-LDR, ngezinye izikhathi isuswa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ngemva kokwelashwa, izinhlungu zobuhlungu zinikezwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki lapho kususwa izinto ezifana ne-catheter.
Ziyini izinzuzo kanye namazinga empumelelo okwelashwa?
I-Brachytherapy iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu yomdlavuza ongakasabalali.
- Ukuhlasela kwemisebe okuqondiswe kakhulu kunamandla amakhulu okubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Imiphumela emibi mincane ngoba kunomonakalo omncane ezicutshini ezinempilo.
- Isikhathi sokululama sifushane kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza.
Kusebenza kangakanani lokhu kwelashwa?
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-brachytherapy kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni izimo ezifana nomdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza we-prostate. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kwelashwa kuye kwakwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele umdlavuza futhi kwawuvimbela ukuthi ungabuyi.
Kodwa into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule: Akuwona wonke umdlavuza futhi akuzona zonke iziguli ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela ongayilindela kulokhu kwelashwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.
Ingabe kukhona izingozi noma imiphumela emibi kulokhu kwelashwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Incike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza olashwayo kanye nendlela yokwelashwa. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela emibi eminingi ingeyesikhashana. Eminye ingaba yesikhathi eside, kodwa ingalawulwa.
Imiphumela emibi evamile:
- Ubunzima bokuchama noma ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama (`(Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo)`)
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile
- Izibazi zesitho sangasese sowesifazane
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo, noma ubunzima bokulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
Okubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumela emibi ivame ukukhawulelwa engxenyeni yomzimba eyelashwe. Isibonelo, ukwelashwa kwe-prostate kungabangela izinkinga zomchamo noma zamathumbu, kodwa isicanucanu sincane kakhulu.
Umuntu othole ukwelashwa kanye nabanye
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Isikhathi sokululama ngemva kokwelashwa nge-brachytherapy sifushane uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, njengokuhlinzwa. Kuye ngohlobo lokwelashwa, ungase uzizwe ungcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma ngesonto. Kubalulekile ukuphumula izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokwelashwa futhi ugweme imisebenzi enzima. Qhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho.
Ingabe kuphephile ukuba seduze nomuntu oye welashwa?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo.
- Uma uthole ukwelashwa kwesikhashana kwe-brachytherapy , ngeke kube khona imisebe emzimbeni wakho ngemva kokususwa kwedivayisi, ngakho-ke akukho bungozi bokuxhumana eduze nabanye.
- Uma uthole ukwelashwa kwe-brachy okuhlala njalo (isib. ukufakelwa kwembewu), inani elincane kakhulu lemisebe lizokhishwa emzimbeni wakho amasonto noma izinyanga eziningana.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Lo msebe uhamba amabanga amafushane kakhulu ngaphandle komzimba. Yingakho ungalimazi izicubu ezinempilo ezizungeze umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke ingozi kwabanye incane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengesinyathelo sokuqapha , odokotela bavame ukweluleka abesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane ezincane ukuba bagweme ukuxhumana eduze isikhathi eside ezigabeni zokuqala.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo
- Ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo noma indle
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Brachytherapy iyindlela yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe ebeka umthombo wemisebe ngaphakathi noma eduze kakhulu nesimila ukuze ihlose futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo uyancishiswa ngakho-ke imiphumela emibi iyancishiswa.
- Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu kumdlavuza ongakasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: zesikhashana kanye nezihlala njalo. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Nakuba imiphumela emibi ingenzeka, ivame ukulawuleka futhi ilinganiselwe endaweni elashwe kuyo.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokwelashwa.
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