Sonke siyazi ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma "umfutho wegazi ophakeme." Kodwa wake wezwa ngesimo lapho umfutho wegazi okhethekile esibindini sethu ukhuphuka khona? Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Portal Hypertension.' Nakuba leli gama liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, lesi yisimo esingathinta kakhulu impilo yesibindi sethu. Ngakho ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kuyini ngempela i-Portal Hypertension?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke into emangalisayo eyenzekayo emizimbeni yethu. Lonke igazi elicebile ngezakhamzimba elivela esiswini sakho, emathunjini, kanye nasesinqeni liyaqoqana bese liya esibindini ngomthambo owodwa omkhulu. Lo mthambo oyinhloko ubizwa ngokuthi "umthambo we-portal." Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lokhu kungukuphakelwa kwegazi okuyinhloko esibindini.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi kukhona "ukuqhuma okukhulu kwethrafikhi" ndawana thize kulo mthambo oyinhloko, okungukuthi, ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Uma kukhona okonakalayo esibindini futhi imithambo yegazi emincane engaphakathi kwaso ivinjiwe, igazi elingenayo alikwazi ukugeleza kahle. Kwenzekani-ke? Umfutho wegazi kulowo mthambo oyinhloko we-portal kanye neminye imithambo exhunywe kuwo uyanda ngokweqile. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Portal Hypertension .
Uma lokhu kucindezela kukhula, igazi lizama ukugeleza ngeminye imithambo emincane nebuthakathaka. Bese leyo mithambo (ikakhulukazi leyo esemphinjeni nasesiswini) iyavuvukala, ibe njengebhaluni, futhi ingaqhuma futhi yophe kalula. Siyibiza ngokuthi le mithambo evuvukele imithambo evuvukile . Lena yinkinga eyingozi kakhulu yalesi sifo.
Yiziphi izizathu zalesi simo?
Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu ye-Portal Hypertension yi-cirrhosis yesibindi . Kalula nje, i-cirrhosis yisimo lapho isibindi silimala khona njalo ngesizathu esithile futhi isibindi siba lukhuni ngenxa yezibazi ezakheka njengoba amanxeba ephola. Njengoba nje isibazi sakheka esikhumbeni sethu lapho inxeba liphola. Lesi sibazi sivimbela ukuhamba kwegazi esibindini.
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani isibindi singalimala:
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
- Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-Hepatitis B no-C.
- Isifo Sesibindi Esinamafutha.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, lesi simo singabangelwa nangamahlule egazi emthanjeni we-portal, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane (isib. i-Schistosomiasis), kanye nezinye izimbangela ezingavamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, akukho sizathu esithile esingatholakala.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Portal Hypertension?
Ezimweni eziningi, azikho izimpawu ezithile ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo. Izimpawu zivela kuphela lapho kuvela izinkinga esixoxe ngazo. Uma udokotela ekutshelile ukuthi unesifo sesibindi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Izimpawu/inkinga | Kusho ukuthini lokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukopha Kwamathumbu | Ukuhlanza igazi, ukuphuma umnyama, indle ephuzile, noma ukuphuma igazi nendle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqhuma kwemithambo evuvukele (ama-varice). Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. |
| Ama-Ascites | Isisu siyavuvukala ngenxa yokuqongelela koketshezi esiswini. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi "ama-mahodaraya". |
| Ukudideka kwengqondo (i-Encephalopathy) | Ukusebenza kabi kwesibindi kubangela ukuthi ubuthi egazini buye ebuchosheni, okubangela ukudideka, ukukhohlwa, ukozela kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha. |
| Amaseli egazi anciphile | Ukwehla kwama-platelet, okusiza ukujiya kwegazi, kungaholela ekushayweni kalula noma ukwehla kwamaseli amhlophe egazi, alwa nezifo. |
Khumbula, uma uhlanza igazi noma unendle emnyama, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ngeshwa, imbangela eyinhloko ye-Portal Hypertension ayikwazi ukwelashwa ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvimbela nokuphatha izinkinga, ikakhulukazi ukopha okuvela ezifweni zomphimbo.
1. Ukwelashwa Nge-Endoscopic
Lona owokuqala osetshenziswa ekwelapheni imithambo ye-varicose.
- Ukubopha: I-endoscope, ipayipi elinekhamera, ifakwa ngomlomo bese kubekwa ibhande elincane lerabha lizungeze umthambo wegazi, livale umthambo.
- Ukwelashwa nge-sclerotherapy:Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka isixazululo sokujiya kwegazi emthanjeni.
2. Imithi
- Ama-Beta-blocker: Imithi efana ne-Propranolol yehlisa ingcindezi ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi futhi inciphise ingozi yokopha.
- Ama-Diuretics: Uma isisu sigcwele uketshezi (ama-ascites), le mithi inikezwa ukususa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni.
- I-Lactulose: Lo muthi usiza ukulawula i-encephalopathy.
3. Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Yeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele.
- Ungaphuzi noma yimiphi imithi yokubulala izinhlungu, eminye imithi, noma itiye lezitshalo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Eminye imithi ingaba yingozi esibindini.
- Nciphisa usawoti (i-sodium) owudlayo. Yidla ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
- Uma unokudideka kwengqondo, ungase ucelwe ukuthi unciphise ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithile
Uma ukwelashwa okungenhla kwehluleka ukulawula ukopha noma ukuvuvukala kwesisu, odokotela bangase basebenzise ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza ngokunciphisa ingcindezi ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi.
- AMACEBISO (i-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt): Lokhu akuyona indlela yokuhlinzwa. Kule nqubo, kufakwa ipayipi elincane (i-stent) ngesibindi ngaphansi kwesiqondiso se-X-ray, okudala indlela entsha phakathi komthambo we-portal nomunye umthambo ophuma esibindini. Lokhu kushintsha ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kunciphisa ingcindezi emithanjeni. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela ngaphezu kuka-90%.
- I-DSRS (Distal Splenorenal Shunt): Lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa. Kulokhu, umthambo we-spleen uxhunywe emthanjeni wezinso zesobunxele. Lokhu kunciphisa nokucindezela futhi kulawula ukuhamba kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusasetshenziswa njalo.
- Ukufakelwa Kwesibindi: Lokhu kungaba yisisombululo kuphela seziguli ezinesifo sesibindi esisesigabeni sokugcina.
Ngemva kokwelashwa okunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni yakho ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela kanye nokuqokwa kokulandela ngqo . Ukuskena nokuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ngaleso sikhathi kungasiza ekunqumeni impumelelo yokwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-portal ukwanda komfutho wegazi emithanjeni yegazi yesibindi. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cirrhosis.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza igazi, ukuphuma kwendle emnyama, noma isisu esikhulu, esivuvukile, ungazinaki. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukulawula izinkinga eziyingozi njengokuphuma kwegazi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka utshwala ngokuphelele, uphuze imithi njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho, futhi ulandele ukudla okungenasawoti omningi.
- Ungesabi lesi sifo futhi uhlupheke wedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile bese uthola ukwelashwa okufanele kanye neseluleko.
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