Uma udokotela ekutshela noma othandekayo wakho ukuthi kudingeka baphathwe ngamakhemikhali, ungase uzizwe ukwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka. Lokho kuyinto evamile. Uma sizwa igama elithi "i-chemo," sivame ukuba nomfanekiso onzima nobuhlungu ezingqondweni zethu. Kodwa uma sifunda kabanzi ngalokhu kwelashwa, lokho kwesaba kuyaphela. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-chemotherapy, ukuthi yenzani, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nayo ngendlela elula kakhulu nenobungane.
Iyini ngempela i-chemotherapy?
Kalula nje, i-chemotherapy uhlobo lomuthi onikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ibizwa nangokuthi "i-chemo" ngamafuphi. Lolu uhlobo olulodwa nje lokwelapha umdlavuza. Kunezinye izinhlobo zemithi ezisetshenziswa futhi ukulwa namangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Ama-hormone asiza ukukhula kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokuvimbela umdlavuza ekutholeni lawo ma-hormone.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Lezi yimithi esiza amasosha omzimba wethu ukulwa nomdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Le mithi isebenza ngokushintsha indlela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana futhi aziphatha ngayo, okuvimba ukukhula kwawo.
Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziqondiswa udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza . Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa kanye nokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kanjani?
Amaseli omdlavuza amaseli ahlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali isebenza ngokubhubhisa la maseli omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha futhi awavimbe ukuthi ahlukane kakhulu.
Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise i-chemotherapy ngezinjongo ezahlukene. Bheka leli thebula ukuze uqonde.
| Inhloso yokwelashwa | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa okusizayo | Ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, bhubhisa ngokuphelele noma yimaphi amangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza angabonakali angase ahlale emzimbeni. |
| Ukwelashwa kokwelapha | Yelapha ngokuphelele umdlavuza futhi uwenze ungakhuli futhi (mhlawumbe uhlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe). |
| Ukwelashwa kwe-Neoadjuvant | Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, nciphisa isimila ukuze kube lula ukwelapha. |
| Ukwelashwa kobuhlungu | Ezimweni lapho umdlavuza ungelapheki ngokuphelele, umgomo uwukunciphisa isimila, ukunciphisa izimpawu (njengobuhlungu), nokusiza isiguli siphile ngokunethezeka. |
Silungiselela kanjani ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali?
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuze abone ukuthi impilo yakho ikulungele yini. Okwamanje, ungazilungiselela ngale ndlela. Lokhu kulungiselela kuzokunika amandla amaningi, ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba.
- Funda ngokwelashwa: Buza udokotela wakho ngezinhlobo zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ozoyithola, izinzuzo zayo, kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Uma wazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, kulapho kuzoba lula khona ngawe ukubhekana nalokhu.
- Lungiselela imiphumela emibi kusenesikhathi: Isibonelo, uma wazi ukuthi ungase ulahlekelwe izinwele zakho, ungenza isinqumo sokugqoka iwigi noma isikhafu esihle kusenesikhathi. Kungase kube noshintsho esikhumbeni kanye nokuzwela elangeni. Ungalungisa imikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba emnene kusenesikhathi ukuze uyisebenzise ngezikhathi ezinjalo.
- Bona udokotela wamazinyo: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungabangela izilonda emlonyeni kanye noshintsho ekunambithekeni kokudla. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha noma yiziphi izinkinga zamazinyo noma izifo zezinsini ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.
- Cabanga ngezindaba zezimali: Thola ulwazi mayelana nomshuwalense kanye nezinzuzo zesibhedlela kusenesikhathi. Uma uhlele lezi zinto kusenesikhathi, kuzoba lula ngawe ukugxila ekwelashweni kuphela.
- Hlela isimiso sakho somsebenzi: Kungase kudingeke ushintshe izinsuku zakho zomsebenzi namahora. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuzothinta kanjani umsebenzi wakho, bese ukhuluma nomqashi wakho bese wenza amalungiselelo ngokufanele.
- Yenza uhlelo losuku lokwelashwa: Hlela ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi yini ongayenza phakathi nakho (funda incwadi, ulalele umculo). Ukudla ukudla okuncane cishe ihora ngaphambi kokwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi njengesicanucanu.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kungahluka kuye ngokuthi unikezwa kanjani i-chemotherapy. Ngokuvamile, i-chemotherapy inikezwa ngendlela ehamba emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-systemic chemotherapy'.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Lokho kusho ukuthi... |
|---|---|
| Ngokusebenzisa umthambo (Nge-Intravenous - IV) | Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Umuthi ufakwa emthanjeni, njengosawoti. |
| Njengomjovo | Inikezwa njengomjovo ojwayelekile esikhumbeni noma emisipheni. |
| Imithi yomlomo | Inikezwa njengephilisi noma uketshezi. |
| Njengomuthi wokugcoba ongaphandle | Kweminye imihlobo yomdlavuza, isetshenziswa esikhumbeni njengokhilimu. |
Ngezinye izikhathi, i-chemotherapy inikezwa ukuhlasela umdlavuza kuphela. Isibonelo, i-intrathecal chemotherapy inikezwa oketshezini oluphakathi kobuchopho nomgogodla.
Indlela yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nge-IV (umzila we-intravenous)
Kusetshenziswa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ukuze kunikezwe imithi ngemithambo yegazi.
- Inaliti: Ngokuvamile ixhunywe emthanjeni engalweni.
- I-Catheter: Ipayipi elincane neliguquguqukayo, elivame ukufakwa emthanjeni osesifubeni.
- Imbobo: Idivayisi encane efana nediski efakwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Inaliti inamathiselwa kulembobo uma kudingeka umuthi.
- Iphampu: Idivayisi exhunywe ku-catheter noma i-port elawula ukulethwa kwemithi emzimbeni ngesivinini esifanele nangenani elifanele.
Lawa ma-catheter nama-port awusizo kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukufakwa kwezinaliti njalo uma uqhubeka nokwelashwa.
Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-chemo?
Lena yinto eyethusa wonke umuntu kakhulu. Imithi ye-chemotherapy ihlose amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha. Amaseli omdlavuza amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha. Kodwa emizimbeni yethu, akukhona nje kuphela amaseli omdlavuza, kodwa futhi namaseli anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha. Isibonelo:
- Amaseli ezinwele
- Amaseli ohlelo lokugaya ukudla
- Amaseli egazi (amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi)
- Amaseli esikhumba
Ngenxa yokuthi imithi ye-chemo ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwala maseli anempilo nala maseli omdlavuza, ingalimaza nala maseli anempilo. Yingakho kuvela imiphumela emibi.
Eminye imiphumela emibi evamile abantu abaningi ababhekana nayo yile:
- Ukukhathala
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- I-Anorexia
- Ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo
- Ukopha
- Ukuchayeka kalula ezifweni (ngenxa yokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba)
- I-anemia
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuyona yonke le miphumela emibi ezothinta wonke umuntu. Futhi manje kunemithi eminingi emihle nezindlela zokuphatha eminingi yayo. Tshela udokotela wakho noma ithimba lezokwelapha ngokushesha nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okutholayo.
Ingabe imiphumela emibi iyaqhubeka ngemva kokwelashwa?
Imiphumela eminingi emibi iyanyamalala ngemva kokumiswa kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, eminye imiphumela ingavela ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka kamuva. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'imiphumela yangemva kwesikhathi'.
- Ubunzima bokukhumbula nokucabanga ("ubuchopho be-chemo")
- Isifo senhliziyo (`Ubuthi benhliziyo`)
- Ukulimala kwemizwa (i-Neuropathy)
- Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kusenesikhathi
- Imiphumela ekhonweni lokuba nezingane (Ukungazali)
Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi uthole iseluleko esidingekayo.
Ingabe i-chemo ingayelapha ngokuphelele umdlavuza?
Yebo, kungenzeka. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zisabela kahle kakhulu ku-chemotherapy. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umdlavuza uyanyamalala ngokuphelele ngemva kokwelashwa. Odokotela basebenzisa igama elithi ``ukwelapha`` ngokuqapha okuthile, ngoba kuhlale kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya.
Kodwa-ke, kunezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke asebeluleme ngokuphelele emdlavuza futhi baphila impilo enempilo ngenxa ye-chemotherapy. Ngakho-ke ungesabi. Lesi yisikhali esisebenza kahle kakhulu nesinamandla sokulwa nomdlavuza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela enamandla yokwelapha ebhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Asikho isidingo sokukwesaba, kubalulekile ukukuqonda kahle .
- Imiphumela emibi ingase ibe khona, kodwa eminingi yayo iyalawuleka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo ngokukhululekile.
- Ukulungiselela kahle ngaphambi kokwelashwa kuzokunika amandla amakhulu engqondo nawomzimba.
- Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, nabangani bakho bakhona ukukusekela. Ngakho-ke hlala uqinile.
- Ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.
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