Njengomama nobaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibanakekela kangakanani abantwana bethu abancane, asikwazi ukubavimbela ekuguleni noma ekutholeni ukulimala okuncane. Ngakho-ke, lapho ingane igula noma izizwa ingaphilile, sonke sizama ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bayo nokungakhululeki. Omunye wemithi ethandwa kakhulu esiyisebenzisayo ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nobuhlungu ezikhathini ezinjengalezi yi-paracetamol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-acetaminophen. Kodwa kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu lapho unikeza lo muthi ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane. Uma umthamo uphansi ngisho nakancane, kungavela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ngakho-ke iyini i-paracetamol enikezwa lezi zingane ezincane?
Kalula nje, lo muthi ungathengwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela, futhi usetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nokuqeda ubuhlungu ezinganeni. Isithako esisebenzayo kulo muthi yi-acetaminophen. Sithola lokhu ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene emikhiqizo njengeTylenol, Panadol, Calpol. Ngokuvamile, amamililitha ama-5 (ml) esiraphu ye-paracetamol enikezwa izingane ezincane aqukethe amamililitha ayi-160 (mg) e-acetaminophen.
Kuvamile kakhulu kithi ukunikeza lo muthi ezinganeni. Uma nje kunikezwa umthamo ofanele, uphephile kakhulu, futhi uyasebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni umkhuhlane nobuhlungu. Yingakho odokotela nabo bewuncoma.
Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa i-paracetamol ezimweni ezinjengalezi:
- Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane
- Umkhuhlane wegciwane ofana nomkhuhlane
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ubuhlungu bokuqaqa amazinyo
Kodwa khumbula, lo muthi ulawula izimpawu okwesikhashana kuphela. Uma izinkinga zengane yakho ziqhubeka, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela wakho.
Ake sazi kahle izinhlobo nomehluko we-paracetamol?
Nakuba i-paracetamol ingumuthi ofanayo, iza ngezindlela ezahlukene namandla ahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ezenzelwe abantu abadala, izingane ezindala kanye nezinsana.
- Kwabantu abadala: Lokhu kuza ngesimo samaphilisi, ama-capsule, amasachethi okuphuza, kanye nama-suppositories asemathunjini. Amanye amaphilisi aqukethe u-325mg, kanti amanye amaphilisi 'anamandla kakhulu' aqukethe u-500mg. Kukhona nemithi ehlanganisa i-paracetamol nezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu, njenge-ibuprofen. Eminye imithi yokukhwehlela kanye neyomkhuhlane ingase ibe ne-paracetamol.
- I-Paracetamol Yabantwana: Lezi zivame ukwenziwa ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-2-11. Ziza ngesiraphu namaphilisi ahlafunwayo.
- I-Paracetamol Yezinsana: Lezi ziwuketshezi ezenzelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Ziza nesirinji yepulasitiki ukuze zilinganise inani eliqondile lomuthi.
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-paracetamol yezingane kanye ne-paracetamol yezingane
Esikhathini esidlule, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kuka-2011, ukugcwala kwesiraphu ye-paracetamol enikezwa izingane ezincane kwakuphakeme. Okusho ukuthi, kwakukhona umuthi omningi enanini elincane loketshezi. Kodwa ukugcwala kwesiraphu enikezwa izingane ezindala kwakuphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abazali kwakungadingeki banike izingane zabo uketshezi oluningi lapho benikeza umuthi.
Kodwa umehluko kulezi zingxube ezimbili uholele ezigamekweni eziningana ezingezinhle neze. Abanye abazali, ngenxa yokungazi, banikeze izingane isilinganiso esifanayo sesiraphu yokugxilisa ingqondo ephezulu njengezingane ezindala. Umphumela ube ukuthi izingane ziye zaphuza ngokweqile, zaba nesimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi ubuthi be-acetaminophen, futhi kwadingeka zilaliswe esibhedlela.
Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo, kusukela ngo-2011, izinkampani zemithi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zinqume ukukhiqiza ama-syrup e-paracetamol ezinsana kanye nezingane ngesilinganiso esifanayo (160 mg/5 ml).
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale ufunda ilebula elisebhodleleni ngokucophelela bese uhlola kabili umthamo kanye nokuhlushwa kwawo ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane yakho noma yimuphi umuthi. Uma unamabhodlela emithi amadala ekhaya, hlola usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Gwema ukunikeza umuthi ophelelwe yisikhathi.
Isilinganiso esifanele se-paracetamol okufanele sinikezwe ingane
Inani le-paracetamol ingane yakho elidingayo linqunywa isisindo somzimba wayo, hhayi iminyaka yayo . Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Unganiki izingane ezingaphansi kwamasonto ayi-12 (izinyanga ezi-3) i-paracetamol ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa umthamo wesiraphu ye-paracetamol, ngokuvamile engu-160mg/5ml, ngokusekelwe esisindweni sengane. Nakuba lezi kuyizincomo ezijwayelekile, landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
| Isisindo somntwana (ngamakhilogremu) | Inani lesiraphu okufanele linikezwe (160mg/5ml) |
|---|---|
| 2.7 kg - 5.3 kg | 1.25 ml |
| 5.4 kg - 8.1 kg | 2.5 ml |
| 8.2 kg - 10.8 kg | 3.75 ml |
| 10.9 kg - 16.3 kg | 5 ml |
| 16.4 kg - 21.7 kg | 7.5 ml |
| 21.8 kg - 27.2 kg | 10 ml |
| 27.3 kg - 32.6 kg | 12.5 ml |
| 32.7 kg - 43.1 kg | 15 ml |
| Ngaphezu kwama-43.2 kg | 20 ml |
Kubaluleke kakhulu:
- Lo mthamo unganikezwa kanye njalo emahoreni angu-4-6 .
- Unganikezi imithamo engaphezu kwemine zingakapheli amahora angama-24 nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Ungasebenzisi izipuni zasekhishini ukukala umuthi. Sebenzisa njalo isirinji noma inkomishi yokulinganisa ehambisana nomuthi.
Izingozi Zokusebenzisa I-Paracetamol Ngokweqile
Ukuthatha i-paracetamol eningi kakhulu kuyingozi kunoma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Kunomkhawulo wokuthi isibindi sethu singamelana ne-paracetamol engakanani. Ukudlula lowo mkhawulo kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, ngisho nokufa.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko izingane ezingathuthukisa ngazo lesi simo:
1. Ukweqisa umthamo ngephutha: Ukunikeza okungaphezu kwenani elibekiwe noma ukunikeza umuthi futhi ngaphambi kokuba kudlule amahora ama-4.
2. Ukunikeza izinhlobo eziningana zemithi equkethe i-paracetamol ngesikhathi esisodwa: Isibonelo, ukunikeza isiraphu ye-paracetamol yomkhuhlane, bese unikeza esinye isiraphu yomkhuhlane (engase iqukathe ne-paracetamol) ngemva kwesikhashana.
Izimpawu Zokudlula I-Paracetamol
Uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu , yiyise emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ubuhlungu ohlangothini oluphezulu kwesokudla lwesisu
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokukhathala ngokweqile
- Umchamo omnyama, igazi emchameni, noma ukwehla kokuchama kaningi
- Ukudideka, ukulala ngokweqile, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
- Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho iphuze i-paracetamol eningi kakhulu, yiyise esibhedlela ngokushesha bese ushayela iNational Poisons Information Centre eColombo National Hospital ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Esibhedlela, ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni ingane isithathe isikhathi esingakanani imithi kanye nobunzima besimo. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza isisu, ukunikezwa kwe-activated charcoal, kanye nokunikezwa kwe-antidote N-acetylcysteine (NAC) ngemithambo yegazi.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma ingane engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala inomkhuhlane ongu-100.4°F (38°C) noma ngaphezulu.
- Uma umkhuhlane wengane ungaphezu kuka-40°C (104°F).
- Uma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala inomkhuhlane ohlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24.
- Uma ingane engaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala inomkhuhlane ohlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
- Uma ubuhlungu bungapheli ngisho nangemva kokunikeza i-paracetamol.
- Uma ingane ikhombisa izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kolimi, izandla nezinyawo (yiya ku-ETU ngokushesha).
Uma ingane yakho ithatha imithi yesinye isimo sezokwelapha (isib. isifo sokuwa, isifo sofuba), qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokunikeza i-paracetamol.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Njalo nquma umthamo we-paracetamol ngokusekelwe esisindweni sengane , hhayi eminyakeni yobudala.
- Sebenzisa njalo isirinji noma inkomishi yokulinganisa ehambisana nomuthi ukukala umuthi. Azikho izipuni zasekhishini!
- Gwema ukunikeza umthamo ongaphezu konqunyiwe. Unganikezi umthamo ongaphezu kuka-4 emahoreni angama-24.
- Uma unikeza ingane yakho eminye imithi (ikakhulukazi i-cough/cold syrups), hlola njalo ukuthi inawo yini ama-paracetamol.
- Gcina yonke imithi endaweni ephephile, kude nezingane.
- Uma unokungabaza ngomthamo noma ngesimo sengane yakho, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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