Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukuphefumula uma uzikhandla? Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulume nawe ngokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba noma ukhathazekile uma uzwa igama elithi "bypass." Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngokuhlinzwa kwe-heart bypass, noma lokho okubizwa ngezokwelapha ngokuthi i-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass (CABG)?
Cabanga ukuthi kunezimoto eziningi endleleni eya emsebenzini nsuku zonke, noma umgwaqo uvaliwe. Wenzani-ke? Uthatha indlela ehlukile, okungukuthi, umgwaqo oseceleni noma omunye umgwaqo, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo kulokhu kuhlinzwa.
Sinemithambo yegazi eyinhloko (imithambo yegazi) enikeza igazi ezinhliziyweni zethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi imithambo yenhliziyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ekudleni esikudlayo ziyanqwabelana ngaphakathi kwale mithambo, njengokugqwala okwakha ngaphakathi kwepayipi, okunciphisa indlela yokungena. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi izinto zokwakha `(Plaque)` noma `(Atheroma)`. Lapho imithambo yegazi incipha ngale ndlela, imisipha yenhliziyo ayitholi inani legazi eliyidingayo. Yilapho ubuhlungu besifuba `(Angina)` bufika khona. Uma lokhu kuvimbeka kuba kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kwakheka ihlule legazi futhi livimbe ngokuphelele indlela yokungena enciphile, kungenzeka `(Heart Attack)`.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kumayelana nokudala indlela entsha, umthambo omusha, ukuze igazi ligeleze liye enhliziyweni, lidlule lowo mthambo wegazi ovinjiwe nonciphile. Kufana nokudala umgwaqo omusha wokudlula lowo mjamo wezimoto. Ukuze kudalwe le ndlela entsha, kuthathwa umthambo wegazi emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuvamile, umthambo othathwe emlenzeni, engalweni, noma ngaphakathi esifubeni usetshenziselwa lokhu.
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kudala indlela entsha (yokudlula) ukuze igazi ligeleze emithanjeni yegazi evinjiwe enhliziyweni. Lokhu kubuyisela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo futhi kusindise impilo yakho.
Ngezinye izikhathi, akuyona nje imithambo yegazi eyodwa evalekayo. Ingavimba nemithambo emibili, emithathu, noma emine. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kufanele kwenziwe izindlela ezintsha zayo ngayinye. Lokho sikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa "okuphindwe kabili (2),`` `okuthathu (3),`` noma ``okuphindwe kane (4) ngokudlula``.
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Njengoba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, uzohlolwa kaningana ukuze uhlole ukufaneleka komzimba wakho ngaphambi kwenqubo. Kuphela ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa lapho uzokwazi khona ukubhekana nokuhlinzwa bese unquma ukuthi uyakudinga ngempela yini.
| Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa | Kalula nje, ibukeka kanjani? |
|---|---|
| I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo kanye nephethini yokushaya kwayo kuyahlolwa. |
| I-Echocardiogram (i-Echo) | Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo. Kubheka ubukhulu, ukuma, kanye nokuthi inhliziyo iphampa kahle kangakanani igazi. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca | Uma uhamba nge-treadmill, uqapha indlela inhliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo. |
| I-Catheterization Yenhliziyo / I-Angiogram | Lesi yisilingo esibaluleke kakhulu. Ipayipi elincane lifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni noma emlenzeni, kufakwe idayi emithanjeni yenhliziyo yakho, bese kuthathwa i-X-ray. Lokhu kungabonisa ngqo ukuthi ukuvaleka kukuphi nokuthi kungakanani. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Nomchamo | Funda ngokusebenza kwezinso kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzobuza nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo njengamanje. Eminye imithi (ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi) kuzodingeka iyekwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kungase kudingeke futhi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza (ukuzila ukudla) amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani?
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane, kodwa lezi zinto zenziwa ngenkathi ulaliswe ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi usebuthongweni obukhulu lapho ungezwa lutho khona.
1. I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, uzolaliswa ubuthongo obukhulu. Ngeke uzwe lutho kuze kube yilapho ukuhlinzwa sekuphelile.
2. Ukudlula kwenhliziyo: Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu udluliselwa okwesikhashana emshinini okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi "uMshini Wokudlula Inhliziyo Namaphaphu". Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuhlinzekwe umzimba umoya-mpilo negazi njalo. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngenkathi inhliziyo isashaya. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Off-pump CABG".
3. Ukusikwa kokuhlinzwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikwa phakathi kwesifuba, phansi eduze kwe-sternum.
4. Ukuvula isifuba: Ngemuva kwalokho ithambo lesifuba liyasikwa ngokucophelela phakathi bese lihlukaniswa kabili ukuze kufinyelelwe enhliziyweni. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuzophinde kuxhunywe ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi kuzophola.
5. Ukudala i-bypass: Okulandelayo, njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho ngaphambili, kuthathwa ucezu lomthambo wegazi ophilile ovela emlenzeni wakho, engalweni, noma esifubeni, bese kuthi olunye uhlangothi lwawo lunamathele emthanjeni oyinhloko wenhliziyo, i-aorta, kanti olunye uhlangothi lunamathele ngaphansi kokuvaleka. Yile ndlela indlela entsha edalwa ngayo.
6. Ukuphela kokuhlinzwa: Ngemva kokuba i-bypass isiqediwe, inhliziyo iyaqalwa kabusha futhi ikhishwe emshinini. I-sternum ibe isixhunywa kabusha ngocingo olukhethekile, bese ukusika kwesifuba kuvalwa ngezitishi.
Yonke inqubo ingathatha amahora amathathu kuya kwayisithupha , kuye ngokuthi udinga ukudlula kangaki kanye nesimo sakho sempilo.
Ingabe kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza ukuhlinzwa?
Yebo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, manje kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa.
- I-CABG Engasebenzisi Iphampu: Lokhu akusebenzisi umshini wenhliziyo namaphaphu. Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukuhlinzwa ngenkathi inhliziyo isashaya.
- I-CABG Engangeni Kakhulu: Kulokhu, ukusikwa okukhulu akwenziwa phakathi kwesifuba. Kunalokho, kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane okuningana phakathi kwezimbambo bese kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ngazo.
- I-CABG esizwa yirobhothi: Kule ndlela, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukuhlinzwa esebenzisa irobhothi. Ukusikwa nakho kuncane kakhulu.
Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bazonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi, futhi kubalulekile ukuzazi.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi |
|---|---|
| Isixazululo sesikhathi eside: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke iminyaka eminingi. Imiphumela mihle kakhulu. | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmias) |
| Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sokuvinjelwa okuningi:Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha umuntu onemithambo yegazi eminingi evalekile. | Ukopha |
| Ingozi ephansi yokudinga ukwelashwa kabusha: Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okufana nokubekwa kwe-stent (i-Angioplasty), ingozi yokuthi umthambo uvaleke futhi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass iphansi. | Ukutheleleka kwamanxeba |
| Ukusindisa izimpilo: Ngokususa ubuhlungu besifuba nokunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ungaphila impilo enempilo nende. | Ukulimala kwezinso |
| Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (lokhu akuvamile kakhulu) |
Khumbula, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lithatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze linciphise zonke lezi zingozi, ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile ngalokhu.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Isikhathi sokululama...
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoqala ukungeniswa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile esibhedlela (ICU) . Lapho, konke kusukela ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo yakho kuya ekucindezelweni kwegazi lakho kuzoqashwa ngokucophelela. Uma isimo sakho sesizinzile, ngokuvamile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, uzodluliselwa egunjini elivamile.
Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa , ngemva kwalokho ungaya ekhaya.
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya...
Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha ukululama ngokuphelele. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqaphela kancane.
- Gwema ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo: Njengoba kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ithambo lesifuba liphole, gwema ukuphakamisa noma ukusunduza izinto ezisindayo.
- Ukushayela: Odokotela bavame ukweluleka ukuthi ungashayeli amasonto ama-4-6.
- Ukuphumula: Phumula ngokwanele. Kodwa ungalali embhedeni usuku lonke. Qala ukuhambahamba wenze imisebenzi emincane.
- Ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba: Amanxeba esifubeni sakho kanye nalapho imithambo yakho ikhishwe khona kufanele agcinwe ehlanzekile. Isibhedlela sizokunikeza imiyalelo yokuthi ungawanakekela kanjani.
Ingabe ufuna ukushintsha impilo yakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Impela yebo!Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kumane kuwukulungiswa kwemithambo yakho evalekile. Kodwa isimo esiyisisekelo esibangele ukuvaleka, okuwukuqongelela kwe-cholesterol, sisesemzimbeni wakho. Inkinga ingaphinde ivele emithanjeni emisha noma kweminye imithambo.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukulawula ukudla: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti kanye noshukela. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, imifino, kanye nokudla okune-fiber eningi.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Qala ukuzivocavoca kancane kancane, njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho. Ukuhamba nsuku zonke kuwumqondo omuhle.
- Yeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, yeka namuhla. Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu enhliziyweni.
- Ukuthatha imithi ngendlela efanele: Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho (eyehlisa i-cholesterol, elawula umfutho wegazi, futhi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi) ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa usuku olulodwa.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo: Ngemva kokuphuma esibhedlela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuya ohlelweni olufana nalolu. Uzonikezwa isiqondiso sendlela yokuzivocavoca nokulawula ukudla kwakho ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha .
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Isiyezi noma ukuquleka
- Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo
- Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha
- Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi)
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yenhliziyo (i-CABG) akumelwe ukwesabe. Kuyinqubo ephumelela kakhulu enganikeza inhliziyo yakho impilo entsha futhi isindise impilo yakho.
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kudlula imithambo yegazi evalekile enhliziyweni futhi kudala indlela entsha yokugeleza kwegazi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ngisho noma ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, uma ungalandeli indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema), inkinga ingase ibuye.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza onakho ngalokhu. Bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza.
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