Ingabe ingane yakho ayifani nakuqala? Ingabe ihlala idabukile futhi ithukuthele? Noma ingabe iyathukuthela ngezinto ezincane kakhulu? Ingabe imidlalo nezinto zokuzilibazisa eyayizijabulela azisasizi ngalutho kuye? Njengabazali, kuyinto evamile ngathi ukuzizwa sesaba kakhulu futhi sikhathazekile lapho sibona izinguquko ezinjalo. Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi, "Lokhu kuyinto eyenzekayo uma ukhula." Kodwa akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lesi simo singaba uphawu lwesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka ezinganeni.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukucindezeleka kulaba bantwana?
Kuvamile ukuthi izingane zizwe zidabukile futhi zibe nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. Cabanga ngakho, uma zithola amamaki amabi esivivinyweni noma zilwa nomngane, zizizwa zidabukile. Lokho kujwayelekile. Kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lolo daba luyanyamalala, bese ziqala ukujabula futhi.
Kodwa ukucindezeleka kuyinto ehlukile. Akuyona nje ukudabuka, kuyisimo sezokwelapha. Ingane enesifo sokucindezeleka izizwa idabukile, ithukuthele, futhi ingenasithakazelo kunoma yini isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Lokhu kungathinta ukulala kwayo, isifiso sokudla, kanye nobudlelwano bayo nabangani nomndeni. Ingase ilahlekelwe yisithakazelo emisebenzini eyayiyijabulela, njengokudlala imidlalo noma ukudweba. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingase ibe nemicabango yokuzilimaza.
Uma ubona ukuthi ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Nakuba ukucindezeleka kuyisimo esibucayi, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokucindezeleka izingane ezingabhekana nazo?
Ukucindezeleka akuveli nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kuza ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni.
| Uhlobo lokucindezeleka | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo Sokucindezeleka Esiyinhloko | Lesi yisimo sonke esisazi ngokuthi "ukucindezeleka". Ingane ihlala idabukile futhi ingenathemba. Ithukuthela ngezinto ezincane kakhulu. Indlela yayo yokulala iyashintsha (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ayilali noma ilala kakhulu). Ifuna ukuba yodwa, kude nabangani nomndeni. |
| Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwe-Dysphoric Sangaphambi Kokuya Esikhathini (PMDD) | Lesi simo senzeka emantombazaneni, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuya esikhathini kokuqala. Cishe isonto ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini, abhekana nezimpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Akhala ngaphandle kwesizathu, asheshe athukuthele, futhi abe nenkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo. Izimpawu zomzimba zingafaka phakathi ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukuthamba kwamabele, kanye nokukhathala. |
| Isifo Sokuthinteka Kwezinkathi (i-SAD) | Izimpawu zifana nezokucindezeleka okukhulu, kodwa ziyafika futhi zidlule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sezulu lina, linamafu, noma limnyama. Kodwa-ke, zingavela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. |
| Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwesimo Sengqondo Esiphazamisayo | Lezi zingane zivame ukuba nolaka olukhulu futhi zenze ngezindlela ezingafanele iminyaka yazo. Zingase zihlasele abanye ngamazwi noma ngokomzimba. Uma ingane yakho ithukuthele, ungase ungacabangi ukuthi idabukile. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu kuziphatha. Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala. |
| I-Dysthymia | Lesi yisimo esingesibi kangako njengokucindezeleka okukhulu, kodwa sihlala isikhathi eside. Izimpawu zingafika futhi zidlule eminyakeni edlule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungase ucabange, "Kunjalo nje nasezinganeni." Kodwa kukhona nokwelashwa kwalokhu. |
Kungani izingane zicindezeleka?
Akukho imbangela eyodwa yokucindezeleka ezinganeni, kodwa ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo kanye nezici zemvelo zinegalelo kulesi simo.
Nazi ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko kanye nezici eziyingozi:
- Umlando womndeni: Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (umama, ubaba, izingane zakubo) linesifo sokucindezeleka, ingane isengozini enkulu yokuba naso.
- Izehlakalo ezibuhlungu empilweni: ukuhlukana kwabazali, ukufa kwelungu lomndeni, ukuthutha indlu, ukushintsha izikole, njll.
- Ukuxhashazwa esikoleni: Ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo okuvela kwabanye abantwana kungaba nomthelela omkhulu engqondweni yengane.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Izingane eziphila nezimo zezokwelapha zesikhathi eside ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo sokuwa, kanye ne-asthma zisengozini enkulu yokuthola ukucindezeleka.
- Izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni: Ukucindezeleka kungabangelwa nokungalingani kwamakhemikhali (ama-neurotransmitter) ebuchosheni bethu alawula imizwa efana nenjabulo nokudabuka.
- Ukuthomba: Izimo zengqondo zezingane zingashintsha ngokushintsha kwama-hormone okwenzeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi ingane inokucindezeleka?
Uma unenkinga ngengane yakho, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela wezingane wengane yakho. Udokotela uzoqala ahlole ukuthi ikhona yini imbangela engokomzimba yezinguquko zengqondo zengane yakho.
Ngoba izimpawu zezinye izifo zingafana nokucindezeleka. Isibonelo:
- I-anemia
- Izinkinga ze-thyroid (i-Hypothyroidism)
- Ukuntuleka kwevithamini D
- Isifo sikashukela
Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ayikho imbangela engokomzimba, udokotela uzokudlulisela wena nengane yakho kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.
Lapho, uchwepheshe uzobuza imibuzo kuwe nakumntanakho, futhi athole ulwazi mayelana nokuziphatha nemizwa yengane yakho. Bangathola nolwazi kothisha bengane yakho. Konke lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane yakho inokucindezeleka noma cha.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukucindezeleka?
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha ukucindezeleka ezinganeni: ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kanye nemithi. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala uma zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisetshenziswa ndawonye.
1. Ukwelashwa Ngezingxoxo
Lokhu kusebenzisa kakhulu indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . Kalula nje, kusiza ingane ukuthi ibone izindlela zokucabanga ezimbi futhi izishintshe zibe ezinhle. Kufundisa ingane izindlela zokuphatha imizwa yayo, ukubhekana nezinkinga, kanye nokuzola.
2. Imithi
Uma udokotela enquma ukuthi kuyadingeka, uzonikeza imithi yokwelapha ukucindezeleka. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwemithi enikezwa izingane yi- SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors). Le mithi isebenza ngokwandisa amazinga e-serotonin, ikhemikhali ebuchosheni ethinta injabulo yethu. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemithi enikezwa izingane yilezi:
- I-Fluoxetine (Prozac®)
- I-Sertraline (Zoloft®)
- I-Paroxetine (i-Paxil®)
Njengayo yonke imithi, lena ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Ungalokothi uyeke ukunikeza ingane yakho imithi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungase kube kubi kakhulu isimo sengane yakho.
| Imiphumela emibi yemithi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze | |
|---|---|
| Uma kuvela lezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. | |
| - Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba | - Umkhuhlane omkhulu |
| - Igazi esitulweni | - Ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula |
| - Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile | - Isiyezi, ikhanda elikhanyayo |
| - Izinguquko ezingazelelwe embonweni, ubuhlungu bamehlo | - Imicabango yokuzilimaza noma ukuwohloka kwesimo sakho sengqondo |
| Lokhu kuvame ukuphela phakathi namasonto ambalwa (kodwa yazisa udokotela wakho). | |
| - Izinguquko ekufiseni ukudla | - Ukungalali noma ukulala ngokweqile |
| - Umlomo owomile | - Ikhanda elibuhlungu |
| - Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu, uhudo | - Ukuthuthumela |
Ngingamsiza kanjani umntanami, njengomzali?
Ukusekelwa nothando lwengane yakho kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sikhathi esinzima. Kunezinto eziningana ezibalulekile ongazenza.
- Lalela ingane yakho: Lalela ngokucophelela lokho ekushoyo. Hlonipha imizwa yayo. Ungayinaki imibuzo yayo ngokubuza ukuthi "Kuyini lokho?"
- Yiba nesineke: Ukwelashwa kuthatha isikhathi ukukhombisa imiphumela. Ngakho-ke yiba nesineke. Ungamcindezeli ingane yakho.
- Gcina irekhodi lezinguquko zengane yakho: Gcina ibhuku lokulala kwengane yakho, ukudla kwayo, ukuziphatha kwayo, kanye nemiphumela emibi yemithi. Lokhu kuzosiza kakhulu uma uvakashela udokotela.
- Dala indawo enhle: Yenza indawo yasekhaya ibe yindawo ephephile nesekelayo yengane. Ungakhulumi ngezingxabano zomndeni phambi kwengane.
- Faka imikhuba emihle: Vivinya ingane yakho nsuku zonke, yiphe ukudla okunempilo, futhi uyisize ilale ngokwanele.
- Zinakekele: Lesi kungaba isikhathi esicindezelayo nakuwe. Ngakho-ke cabanga nangempilo yakho yengqondo. Funa iseluleko uma kudingeka.
Kufanele ngifune nini usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha?
Ngokuvamile, uma isimo sengqondo sengane sishintsha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, uma inezinkinga ezinkulu zokulala, noma uma yenqaba ukuya esikoleni izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu, bona udokotela.
Futhi, ungalokothi ulibale ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezilandelayo:
Uma ingane yakho ikhuluma, ibhala, noma ibonisa ukuziphatha okunjalo, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungayiyisa ingane yakho eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Noma shayela ucingo lwe-National Institute of Mental Health ku-1926 ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Lesi simo akusona iphutha lakho noma lengane yakho. Kuyisifo esingathinta noma ubani. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nothando lwakho nokusekelwa, ingane yakho ingaphinde iphile impilo enempilo nejabulisayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukucindezeleka ezinganeni akusikho nje ukudabuka, kuyisimo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Qaphela izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasemizweni yengane yakho ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
- Lokhu akulona iphutha lengane noma elakho. Ngakho ungazibeki icala.
- Uma unokungabaza, ungalibali bese uthintana nodokotela wengane yakho. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.
- Uthando lwakho, isineke, kanye nokusekela ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze ingane yakho ilulame ngokushesha.
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