Ingane eneminyaka efanayo endlini eseduze isiqalile ukuhamba. Kodwa ingane yakho isakhasa nje. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kuyinto evamile ukuthi umama noma ubaba azizwe esaba futhi ekhathazekile. "Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle ngomntanami?", "Kungani engakwenzi lokhu okwamanje?" Kumelwe ukuthi nawe uzibuze, akunjalo? Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izingane ezifanayo, futhi zikhula ngesivinini esihlukile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka sikhathazeke kancane ngalokhu kubambezeleka. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla, ukuthola izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kubambezeleka kwentuthuko?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi yiziphi "izinyathelo zokukhula". Lezi zinyathelo ziyizinto ezintsha umntwana azifundayo njengoba ekhula. Cabanga ngezinto ezifana nokumomotheka kokuqala kwengane yakho kuwe, ukuphendulela intamo yayo, ukugoba, ukuguqa ngamadolo, ukuma, ukuhamba, ukusho amagama okuqala athi "mama" kanye "dada," nokuvayiza izandla zayo. Zonke lezi yizinyathelo zokukhula.
Ngokuvamile kuba nobudala obuthile ukuze izingane zifinyelele ngayinye yalezi zigaba ezibalulekile. Kodwa lokhu akuwona umthetho obekwe ngokuqinile. Ezinye izingane zihamba kusenesikhathi, ezinye zihambe sekwephuzile. Lokho kuvamile.
Kodwa-ke, sibiza ingane ngokuthi ukubambezeleka kokukhula uma ihlala iphuza ukufinyelela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zigaba eminyakeni ethile . Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ingane yakho isemuva kakhulu emakhonweni athile uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo, sidinga ukukunaka lokho.
Khumbula, ukuthi nje ingane yakho yephuza kancane ukwenza into eyodwa akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kuyiphutha lokukhula. Kodwa uma ungabaza, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko lokhu kubambezeleka okungenzeka ngazo?
Ukukhula kwengane akuyona inqubo ehambisana nohlangothi olulodwa. Kuyinqubo enezici eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kunezindawo eziningana eziyinhloko lapho ukubambezeleka kungenzeka khona. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo lokulibaziseka | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Amakhono Okuqonda | Lokhu kubhekisela ekhonweni lengane lokucabanga, ukufunda, ukuqonda, nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ingane ebambezeleka kule ndawo ingaba nobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo elula noma ukuxazulula izinkinga ngamathoyizi (isib., ukubeka isimo esifanele esikhaleni esifanele). |
| Amakhono Ezenhlalo Nangokomzwelo | Lokhu kuhlanganisa indlela abaxhumana ngayo nabanye, indlela abaveza ngayo imizwa yabo, kanye nendlela abakhuluma ngayo ngezidingo zabo. Ingane ebambezeleka kulesi sigaba ingaba nobunzima bokuqonda isimo sobuso, idlale nezinye izingane, futhi ingase ithukuthele ngokuzumayo lapho kuba noshintsho endleleni yayo evamile yokusebenza. |
| Amakhono Okukhuluma Nolimi | Lokhu kuyinto abazali abayiqaphela ngokushesha. Kuhilela kokubili ukuqonda ulimi nokusebenzisa amagama ukuxhumana. Kuhlanganisa ukubambezeleka ekukhulumeni, inkulumo engacacile, kanye nobunzima bokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo. |
| Amakhono Okunyakaza Okuhle Nokukhulu | Lokhu kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Amakhono Okuhamba Okukhulu yizinto ezisebenzisa imisipha emikhulu yomzimba (ukugingqa, ukuhlala, ukuhamba, ukugijima). Amakhono Okuhamba Okuhle yizinto ezisebenzisa imisipha emincane njengeminwe (ukubamba ithoyizi, ukudweba ngepensela, ukudla). Ungase ubone ukubambezeleka kokunye noma kokubili kwalokhu. |
Kuyini Ukulibaziseka Kwentuthuko Yomhlaba Wonke?
Ngezinye izikhathi ingane ingaba nokubambezeleka kwesinye sezici ezishiwo ngenhla. Isibonelo, ingane enekhono lokugijima, ukugxuma nokudlala ingaba nokubambezeleka kuphela ekukhulumeni.
Kodwa-ke, uma ingane ibonisa ukubambezeleka okukhulu ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwezingenhla, odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-Global Developmental Delay .
Lokhu kuhluke kanjani ku-autism?
Lona umbuzo abazali abaningi abanawo. Kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili.
- Ukulibaziseka Kokukhula: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingane ihamba kancane kunontanga yayo ekufundeni amakhono athile. Kodwa-ke,Ngokungenela kusenesikhathi kanye nokusekelwa okudingekayo, izingane eziningi zingabambisana nabanye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi yisimo esinganqotshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele.
- I-Autism Spectrum Disorder: Lesi yisimo sokukhula kwemizwa esivame ukuhlala impilo yonke. Izingane ezine-autism zinobunzima bokuxhumana nokuxhumana nabanye. Zibona umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile.
Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili ekuqaleni, kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nje lapho uqaphela ukuthi ingane yakho inesikhathi sokulibaziseka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela iyini.
Bheka ukuthi ingane yakho nayo inazo yini lezi zimpawu.
Izimpawu zokulibaziseka kokukhula ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo ethintekile. Ngezansi kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile.
- Ukwehluleka ukugoba, ukuhlala, ukuguqa, noma ukuhamba ngendlela efanele iminyaka.
- Ubunzima ngezinto ezifana nokubamba izinto ezincane nokudweba ngepensela (amakhono okunyakaza amancane).
- Kubonakala sengathi kunzima ukuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo.
- Ukungabi nentshisekelo noma ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ezilula.
- Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo sokujoyina noma sokudlala nezinye izingane.
- Inkulumo ephuzile noma inkulumo engacacile.
- Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto.
- Ukungakwazi ukuqonda imiphumela yento abayenzayo (isib., ukuwisa into phezulu bese iwela).
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Ngokuvamile kunzima ukukhomba imbangela eqondile yokubambezeleka kwentuthuko. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, kuye kwatholakala izici eziningana ezibangela lokhu.
1. Izici zofuzo: Ezinye izimo zofuzo zingabangela ukubambezeleka kokukhula, njenge-Down syndrome noma i-Fragile X syndrome.
2. Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha:
- Ukuchayeka kukamama ezintweni ezinobuthi njengotshwala nezidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa.
- Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo enganeni ngesikhathi izalwa.
3. Izizathu zemvelo nezinye:
- Ukuchayeka kwengane ezintweni ezinobuthi ezifana nomthofu ngemva kokuzalwa.
- Ukungondleki kahle.
- Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okuvamile (okungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhuluma) noma izinkinga zokubona.
- Ukulimala okukhulu kwengqondo noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane.
Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu? (Ukuhlolwa Kokuthuthukiswa)
Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi uma uya emtholampilo wengane, udokotela noma umbelethisi uhlala eqaphela ukukhula kwengane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthiKubizwa ngokuthi i-Developmental Screening.
Lokhu akusikho okufanele ukwesabe. Kuwukubona ukuthi ingane ifundile yini amakhono ayisisekelo okufanele afundwe kuleyo minyaka, noma ukuthi inazo yini izinkinga.
Udokotela wenza lokhu:
- Ukukubuza imibuzo: Ukukubuza imininingwane mayelana nendlela ingane yakho eziphatha ngayo kanye nalokho ekwenzayo ekhaya.
- Ukudlala nengane: Ukunikeza ingane amathoyizi, ukukhuluma nayo, nokubuka indlela ingane efunda ngayo, ekhuluma ngayo, eziphatha ngayo, futhi ehamba ngayo.
Lokhu akufani nekhadi lombiko. Kuyindlela nje yokubona ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula kahle yini noma idinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe. Akubandakanyi ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba, uma kukhona ukubambezeleka, lapho kusheshe kutholakale, kuba lula kakhulu ukusiza ingane. Ukubambezeleka kungandisa ubunzima bokufunda kwengane.
Yini oyenzayo uma uthola ukuthi kukhona ukubambezeleka?
Uma udokotela wakho ekhathazekile ngokukhula kwengane yakho, uzokudlulisela wena nengane yakho kochwepheshe noma abelaphi abafanele. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Uchwepheshe Wezokukhuluma
- Uchwepheshe Wezokwelapha Emsebenzini
- Udokotela Wezokwelapha Umzimba
- Udokotela ogxile ekuthuthukisweni kwengane (Udokotela Wezingane Othuthukisayo)
- Udokotela wezinzwa wezingane
- Udokotela wezindlebe
Laba bantu bazohlola ingane ngokucophelela, bathole imbangela yokubambezeleka, futhi banqume ukuthi ingane idinga ukwelashwa okunjani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Early Intervention Services .
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma uthola usizo ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle. Kufana nesitshalo esincane. Uma ufaka umanyolo omncane namanzi ekuqaleni, uzokhula kahle. Kunjalo-ke.
Singabasiza kanjani abazali bethu ingane yethu?
Nakuba unikeza ingane yakho ukwesekwa okukhethekile, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza njengomzali ekhaya ezizosiza kakhulu ekukhuleni kwayo.
- Dlala nengane yakho: Ukudlala kuthuthukisa wonke amakhono engane. Ukudlala ngezinto ezifana ne-play-dough kuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza komzimba. Ukugijima nokugxuma ngaphandle kuthuthukisa amakhono omzimba kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu.
- Funda izincwadi nengane yakho: Uma ingane yakho izwa amagama amaningi, amakhono ayo olimi azothuthuka kangcono. Yenza umkhuba wokufunda incwadi yezindaba ezimfushane ngaphambi kokulala ebusuku. Babonise izithombe encwadini bese ukhuluma ngazo.
- Nciphisa Isikhathi Sesikrini (Ithelevishini, Ucingo): Izingane zifunda kangcono uma zixhumana nabanye ubuso nobuso, hhayi lapho zibheke isikrini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa isikhathi sesikrini sengane singadluli ihora elilodwa ngosuku.
- Yenza isimiso: Siza ingane yakho ukuba ijwayele ukulandela isimiso. Uma wenza isimiso ngezithombe bese usinamathisela odongeni, kuzoba lula ngengane yakho ukuqonda ukuthi yini okudingeka iyenze ngokulandelayo.
- Hlala uxhumana nodokotela kanye nabelaphi njalo: babuze ukuthi ingane yakho injani, yini enye abangayenza ekhaya, bese uxoxa ngemibuzo yakho kanye nokukhathazeka kwakho nabo.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke futhi ukhathazekile lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inokukhubazeka kokukhula. Kodwa akusikho ukuphela komhlaba. Ngokusekelwa nokwelashwa okufanele, ingane yakho ingaphila impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umntwana. Okubaluleke kakhulu uthando lwakho, ukunakekelwa, kanye nesikhuthazo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Akuzona zonke izingane ezikhula ngesivinini esifanayo. Ungakhathazeki ngokuqhathanisa ingane yakho nezinye izingane.
- Uma unezinkinga eziqhubekayo mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho, ungagcini kuwe, kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho nakanjani.
- Ukubambezeleka kokukhula akusona isifo. Kumane kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ingane idinga usizo olwengeziwe lokufunda izinto ezithile.
- Uma inkinga isheshe itholakale futhi ixazululwe, imiphumela iba ngcono. Ngakho-ke ungachithi isikhathi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha.
- Njengomzali, uthando lwakho, isineke, kanye nokusekela kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwengane yakho.
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