"Isifo sikashukela" yisifo esivamile kubantu abaningi ezweni lethu, futhi yisifo abantu abaningi abanaso. Mhlawumbe othile emndenini wakho, umngane, noma ngisho nawe uqobo uyathinteka yilesi simo. Kodwa abantu abaningi abazi kahle ngalokhu. Abanye abazi nokuthi banesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi sifo, noma esaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi `(Diabetes Mellitus)`, ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Kuyini ngempela isifo sikashukela?
Kalula nje, isifo sikashukela siyinkinga eyenzeka lapho umzimba wethu ukhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Insulin' noma uma usebenzisa i-insulin eyikhiqizayo. Cabanga ngale ndlela: amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu afana nezindlu ezincane. Lezi zindlu zidinga amandla, noma "uphethiloli", ukuze zisebenze. Lophethiloli "uyi-Glucose" noma ushukela, owenziwe ngokudla esikudlayo. Kodwa ukuze lo glucose ungene ezindlini ezibizwa ngamaseli, udinga ukhiye obizwa ngokuthi "i-insulin".
Lesi sihluthulelo se-insulin senziwa yisitho esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Pancreas" esiswini sethu. Isifo sikashukela sibangelwa yisinye noma ngaphezulu kwezizathu ezilandelayo:
- I-pancreas yakho ayikhiqizi nhlobo i-insulin .
- Ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin encane kakhulu .
- Umzimba awusabeli kahle ku-insulin. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "Ukumelana ne-insulin." Kufana nokuba nesihluthulelo kodwa ukhiye uphukile emnyango.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena emaselini kodwa iqoqana egazini. Yilapho amazinga kashukela egazini enyuka khona, okuholela kushukela.
Isifo sikashukela siyisifo esihlala impilo yonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukusiphatha kahle futhi uphile impilo enempilo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela. Ake siziqonde kahle.
| Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela | Kalula nje... | Ubani ovame ukuthinteka kakhulu? |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1 | Amasosha omzimba abhubhisa amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba ulahlekelwa yiyo yonke i-insulin. Umthombo wawo oyinhloko we-insulin yimijovo yangaphandle. | Nakuba kuvame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni noma ebudaleni (ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-20), kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala. |
| Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2 | Umzimba ukhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa inani layo alanele. Noma amaseli omzimba awasabeli kuleyo insulin (Ukumelana ne-insulin). Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni. | Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 futhi abakhuluphele ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhuluphala ngokweqile, manje sekuyenzeka nakubantu abasebasha, ngisho nasezinganeni. |
| I-Prediabetes | Amazinga kashukela egazini aphezulu kunokuvamile, kodwa awaphezulu ngokwanele ukuthi angabizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kufana nesixwayiso. | Noma ubani osengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili usengozini. Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. |
| Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa | Isimo sesikhashana sesifo sikashukela esibangelwa izinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. | Kwenzeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lesi simo sivame ukuphela ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili iyanda kamuva. |
Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko, kunezinhlobo ezingandile njenge-"Monogenic diabetes", ezibangelwa izici zofuzo. Isifo sikashukela singabangelwa nayimithi ethile noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela? Uzibona kanjani?
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zingahluka kancane kuye ngohlobo lwaso. Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo sikashukela singaba khona ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (zingavela ngokuzumayo) | |
| Ukuzizwa womile ngokweqile | Umuzwa wokungomi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphuza amanzi angakanani. |
| Ukuchama njalo | Ukudinga ukuchama njalo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba mncane naphezu kokudla kahle. |
| Ukukhathala ngokweqile nokukhathala | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho noma ungenzanga lutho. |
| Umbono ofiphele | Ushintsho oluthile embonweni, uzizwa ufiphele. |
| Izimpawu ezengeziwe zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (ngokuvamile zikhula kancane kancane) | |
| Ukupholisa amanxeba okulibaziseka | Ngisho nesilonda esincane sithatha isikhathi ukuphola. |
| Isikhumba esilumayo | Ukulunywa njalo, ikakhulukazi endaweni yesitho sangasese sowesifazane. |
| Izifo Zemvubelo | Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo okuvamile. |
| Ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni zomzimba | Ukuzwa ukusha noma ukuqaqamba ezandleni nasezinyaweni. |
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa asivamile ukuba nezimpawu, yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela?
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezingenhla, noma uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sikashukela, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kwegazi okuyinhloko ukuze kutholakale isifo sikashukela.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuzila Ushukela Egazini (i-FBS): Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa ngemva kokuzila ukudla amahora angu-8-10 (ngaphandle kokudla noma ukuphuza noma yini ngaphandle kwamanzi).
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c (HbA1c): Lokhu kunikeza umbono wamazinga akho ajwayelekile kashukela egazini ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule.
- Ukuhlolwa Koshukela Ongahleliwe (RBS): Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT): Kuthathwa isampula yegazi ngemva kokuzila ukudla, bese kuphuzwa isiphuzo esinoshukela, bese kuthathwa igazi futhi ngemva kwehora elilodwa namahora amabili ukuhlola izinga likashukela.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela esingaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela
Akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila , kungalawulwa kahle kakhulu futhi ungaphila impilo enempilo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa yile:
- Ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuqondiwe.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol.
- Ukuvimbela ezinye izinkinga zempilo (amehlo, izinso, izinkinga zemizwa) ezingase zibangelwe isifo sikashukela.
Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela onaso.
1. Imithi
- I-insulini: Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kanye nabanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kudingeka bathathe imijovo ye-insulini.
- Imithi Yomlomo: Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, odokotela banikeza amaphilisi anjenge-metformin. Lawa asiza umzimba ukuthi usebenzise i-insulin kangcono noma ukhiqize i-insulin eningi.
2. Ukudla Okunempilo
Ukudla kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni isifo sikashukela. Ushukela neziphuzo ezinoshukela, kanye nokudla okunesitashi (isinkwa, ilayisi) kungakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini ngokushesha.
- Izinto ezinhle zokudla:Imifino, izithelo (buza udokotela wakho), imidumba, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, inyama engenamafutha amaningi, kanye nenhlanzi.
- Izinto okufanele uzinciphise: Ushukela, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti, ukudla okucutshungulwe.
3. Ukuzivocavoca
Ukuzivocavoca okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, njengokuhamba ngokushesha noma ukubhukuda, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto, kungathuthukisa indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ku-insulin. Kungakusiza futhi ukulawula isisindo sakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
Ingabe isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili singavinjelwa?
Yebo, ungakwazi ngempela! Nakuba isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 singenakuvinjelwa, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 .
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Uma ukhuluphele kakhulu, zama ukunciphisa isisindo.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Uma ubhema, yeka.
- Uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini, bona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Uma udinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuya e -Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikashukela akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, yisimo esingaphathwa kahle.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ukudla kwakho, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
- Qaphela izimpawu. Uma ungabaza, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Hlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kanye nomfutho wegazi njalo.
- Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ikakhulukazi ngendlela yokuphila enempilo.
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