Ungase ube ngumuntu onesifo sikashukela, noma ungase ube nelungu lomndeni noma umngane onesifo sikashukela. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wababona abantu abanjalo besebenzisa imijovo ye-insulin. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-insulin imane nje iyimithi yesifo sikashukela. Kodwa empeleni, i-insulin yinto ekhiqizwa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu futhi ibalulekile kithi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sithole ukuthi iyini ngempela i-insulin, ukuthi yenzani emzimbeni, nokuthi ihlobene kanjani nesifo sikashukela.
Iyini ngempela i-insulin?
Kalula nje, i-insulin iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wethu. Yenziwa yisitho esibizwa ngokuthi ama-pancreas ethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ikhiqizwa uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-beta cell' kuma-pancreas. Le hormone ibalulekile empilweni yethu. Ngoba yi-insulin le esiza amaseli ukuguqula ushukela, noma i-glucose, esiyithola ekudleni esikudlayo ibe amandla.
Cabanga ngalokhu. Imizimba yethu ithola ushukela (ushukela) ekudleni okucebile ngama-carbohydrate esikudlayo, njengelayisi, isinkwa, namazambane. Lo shukela uwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla ukuze amangqamuzana omzimba wethu asebenze. Kufana nophethiloli wemoto. Uma lo shukela usegazini, udinga ukungena emaseli ukuze wenze amandla. Kodwa iminyango yamangqamuzana ivaliwe. I-insulin iyisihluthulelo esivula leyo minyango.
Uma i-insulin ingezwa egazini, iyahamba bese ithumela isignali emaseli, ithi, "Vula umnyango manje, i-glucose iyangena." Bese i-glucose ingena emaseli bese ikhiqiza amandla.
Ngakho-ke cabanga, kwenzekani uma i-pancreas yakho ingakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, noma uma amaseli akho engaphenduli kahle ku-insulin eyenzayo (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin)? I-glucose egazini ayikwazi ukungena emaseli. Bese izinga likashukela egazini liba phezulu kakhulu. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi i-hyperglycemia , noma "ushukela ophezulu." Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, isifo sikashukela siyakhula.
Ingabe i-insulin iyawanciphisa noma iyawakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. I-insulin isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Okusho ukuthi, ithatha i-glucose entanta egazini iyifake emangqamuzaneni, okufana nokuhlanza igazi.
Imizimba yethu inesimiso esihle kakhulu esilawula lokhu. Nakuba i-insulin yehlisa ushukela egazini, kukhona enye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-glucagon ekhulisa amazinga kashukela egazini uma kudingeka. Lezi ezimbili zisebenza njengezinhlangothi ezimbili zesikali, zigcina amazinga ethu kashukela egazini ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile.
Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela ethatha i-insulini evela ngaphandle njengomjovo, ngezinye izikhathi inani elithathwayo lingaba ngaphezu kwenani elidingekayo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, izinga likashukela egazini lizokwehla kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-hypoglycemia . Lesi futhi isimo esiyingozi. Esimweni esinjalo, udinga ukudla okuthile okunoshukela (ucezu lweswidi, isipuni sikashukela) ngokushesha ukuze ubuyisele izinga likashukela. Uma ushukela wehla kakhulu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Kukhona nemijovo ye-glucagon enganikezwa ngezikhathi ezinjalo. Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ufunde kabanzi ngakho.
Yiziphi izifo ezihambisana ne-insulin?
Izimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha zingavela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni, noma ukungakwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngendlela efanele, noma i-insulin eningi kakhulu.
Izimo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin noma ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-insulin
Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sikashukela.
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1: Lesi yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Kalula nje, amasosha omzimba ethu ahlasela futhi abhubhise amaseli e-beta akhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas ngephutha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba awusakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Laba bantu kumele bathathe i-insulin emithonjeni yangaphandle ukuze baphile.
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 3: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuphazamiseka ngenxa yomonakalo we-pancreas. Isibonelo, ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside kwe-pancreas (i-Chronic Pancreatitis), i-cystic fibrosis (i-Cystic Fibrosis), noma ukususwa kwe-pancreas ngokuhlinzwa (i-Pancreatectomy) kungabangela lesi simo.
- Isifo Sikashukela Esizimele Esizimele Kwabantu Abadala (i-LADA): Lokhu kufana nesifo sohlobo 1, kodwa izimpawu zivela kamuva kakhulu. Ngokuvamile sivela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala.
Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukumelana ne-insulin
Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi umzimba ukhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa amaseli emzimbeni (ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana emisipha, amafutha, nesibindi) awasabeli kahle kuleyo insulin. Kufana nokuzama ukuvula umnyango ngokhiye ogqwalile.
- I-Prediabetes: Lesi yisimo lapho amazinga kashukela egazini ephakeme kunokuvamile, kodwa engekho phezulu ngokwanele ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukumelana ne-insulin. Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2: Lolu uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela oluvame kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukumelana ne-insulin kuyanda kuze kufike lapho i-pancreas ingakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu kashukela egazini.
- Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa: Lesi simo sivela kwabanye besifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kukholakala ukuthi sibangelwa ama-hormone akhishwa yi-placenta, abangela ukumelana ne-insulin. Lesi simo sivame ukuphela ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngokweqile
Lesi yisimo esingavamile. I-Insulinoma iyisimila esikhula kuma-pancreas. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-pancreas akhiqize inani elikhulu le-insulin uma lingadingeki. Lokhu kubangela amazinga kashukela egazini aphansi ngendlela eyingozi (i-hypoglycemia). Kodwa-ke, la ma-tumor angelapheka ngokuphelele ngokususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-insulin ezinikezwa isifo sikashukela?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-insulin ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela. Zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezisebenza ngayo ngokushesha nokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni. Uma unesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo kanye nomthamo okulungele wena.
Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-insulini | Isikhathi esithathiwe ukusebenza | Isikhathi emzimbeni |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusebenza okusheshayo | Phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 kuya kwengama-20 | Phakathi kwamahora amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu. Ngokuvamile kuthathwa ngaphambi kokudla. |
| Okusebenza isikhathi esifushane/Okuvamile | Phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-45 | Phakathi kwamahora ama-5 kuya kwangu-8. |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi nendawo | Cishe amahora amabili | Phakathi kwamahora angu-14 kuya kwangu-24. |
| Isebenza isikhathi eside | Cishe ihora | Kufika emahoreni angama-24. Kusiza ukugcina isisekelo usuku lonke. |
| Isebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu | Cishe amahora ayi-6 | Kufika emahoreni angu-48 (izinsuku ezi-2). |
Ezinye zalezi ziza ne-insulin exutshwe kusengaphambili (exutshwe kusengaphambili). Konke lokhu kulungiselelwa udokotela wakho ngokwezidingo zomzimba wakho.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokujova nge-insulin?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, i-insulin ingaba nemiphumela emibi, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuphathwa.
- Ushukela ophansi egazini (i-Hypoglycemia): Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka uma uthatha i-insulin eningi kunalokho umzimba wakho okudingayo. Kungabangela ukujuluka, ukuthuthumela, indlala enkulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
- Izinguquko zesikhumba endaweni yokujova: Uma uqhubeka nokufaka i-insulin endaweni efanayo, amafutha anganqwabelana ngaphansi kwesikhumba bese enza amaqhubu. Noma amafutha angancibilika abe amaqhubu esikhumbeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-localized lipodystrophy . Yingakho kubalulekile ukushintshanisa izindawo zokujova.
- Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangaba nokungezwani komzimba kwezinye izinhlobo ze-insulin. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukubomvu, ukulunywa, kanye nokuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Ungazami ukushintsha umthamo ngokubona kwakho.
Yiziphi izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokufaka i-insulin?
Ngokuvamile, izindawo ezifanele kakhulu zokujova i-insulin yizindawo lapho kunezicubu ezinamafutha khona.
- Indawo yesisu (cishe amasentimitha amabili ukusuka enkabeni)
- Ngaphambili noma emaceleni emathangeni
- Ingemuva kwengalo engenhla
- Ingxenye engenhla yezinqe
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukushintsha izindawo ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokuhlikihla indawo efanayo. Uma uhlikihle uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwesisu sakho ekuseni, hlikihla uhlangothi lwesokudla ebusuku. Shintshela emathangeni akho kusasa. Ukwenza kanjalo kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zesikhumba okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni.
Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kwe-insulin?
Lena inkinga engathi sína kakhulu.Umuntu onesifo sikashukela oncike kwi-insulin (ikakhulukazi umuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1) akanakuphila ngaphandle kwe-insulin.
Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, amazinga kashukela egazini akhuphuka ngokungalawuleki. Njengoba engakwazi ukusebenzisa i-glucose ukuze athole amandla, amangqamuzana omzimba aqala ukushisa amafutha ukuze athole amandla. Le nqubo ikhiqiza umkhiqizo obizwa ngokuthi "ama-ketone." Lawa ma-ketone aqoqana egazini, okwenza kube ne-asidi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) .
I-DKA yisimo esisongela impilo ngokuzumayo. Singakhula zingakapheli amahora angama-24. Singenzeka ngokushesha nakakhulu uma uhlanza. Izimpawu zifaka ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nephunga elimnandi lokuphefumula. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha . Uma ungelashwa, ukufa kungavela.
Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa i-insulin, qaphela kakhulu ukuthi ugcwalisa i-insulin yakho ngaphambi kokuba iphele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-insulin akuyona nje umuthi wesifo sikashukela, iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa yimizimba yethu futhi ebalulekile empilweni.
- Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-insulin ukusiza ukuhambisa ushukela (i-glucose) egazini uye emangqamuzaneni ukuze usetshenziselwe amandla. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.
- Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo sikashukela. Ezinye zibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, kanti ezinye zibangelwa ukungasabeli komzimba ku-insulin (ukumelana ne-insulin).
- Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-insulin ezinikezwa ngaphandle. Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma uhlobo kanye nomthamo ofanele wena.
- Uma ufaka i-insulin, shintsha izindawo ezithintekile kunokuyifaka endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zesikhumba.
- Kumuntu othembele ku-insulin, ukulahlekelwa yi-insulin kusongela impilo. Qaphela izimo eziyingozi njenge-DKA. Uma ungabaza, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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