Ingabe isifo sikashukela siyawathinta amehlo akho? (I-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela) Ake sifunde ngakho.

Ingabe unesifo sikashukela? Noma ingabe othile omaziyo unesifo sikashukela? Khona-ke engizokusho kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Isifo sikashukela yisifo lapho amazinga kashukela egazini emzimbeni enyuka khona. Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo emehlweni ethu ngezindlela ezingalindelekile. Lowo monakalo ubizwa ngokuthi `(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` noma isifo se-retinal esihlobene nesifo sikashukela. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, kulungile?

Iyini i-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela?

Kalula nje, `(I-Diabetes-Related Related Retinopathy)` isho ukuthi isifo sikashukela senza buthaka futhi sonakalise imithambo yegazi ku-retina engaphakathi kwamehlo akho. Cabanga ngakho njengekhamera. I-retina isebenza njengefilimu kule khamera. Kulapha lapho izithombe zibonakala khona lapho kukhanya kwehla. Ngakho-ke, lapho le mithambo emincane ehlinzeka ngegazi ku-retina yonakele ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, i-retina nayo iyeka ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungaholela ekuboneni okunciphile, ekuboneni okufiphele, futhi ekugcineni, ngisho nasekungabonini .

Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela ozothola lesi simo. Futhi, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sibambezele ukuqala kwaso, noma sinciphise ngisho nomphumela waso uma sisenzeka. Ngakho ungesabi, kulungile? Ake sixoxe ngalokho futhi.

Kunezigaba ezimbili zalesi sifo.

`(I-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela)` ayibi yimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Inezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. Isigaba sokuqala: I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela esingasabalali (NPDR)

Lesi yisigaba sokuqala salesi sifo. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, imithambo yegazi ku-retina iqala ukuvuza igazi. Cabanga ngakho njengombhobho wamanzi ophukile. Lo monakalo ungabangela ukuthi eminye yemithambo yegazi ivaleke. Lokhu kwenzeka njengoba umzimba uzama ukulungisa umonakalo. Ungase ungabi nezimpawu ezinkulu kulesi sigaba.

2. Icala elibi kakhulu: I-proliferative diabetes-related retinopathy (PDR)

I-NPDR iqhubekela esigabeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-PDR lapho imithambo yegazi eyonakele iba yingozi kakhulu. Yilapho imithambo yegazi emisha, kodwa ebuthakathaka, iqala ukwakheka esikhundleni seleyo eyonakele. Le mithambo emisha yakhiwa ngomzamo wokwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuyi-retina. Kodwa-ke, le mithambo emisha ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ingaqhuma kalula futhi yophe igazi. Leli gazi lingaqoqana entweni efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso ebizwa ngokuthi i-vitreous. Njengoba le mithambo emisha yakheka ebusweni be-retina, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ijeli inganamathela kule mithambo futhi i-retina ingahlukana (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal) . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amathuba okuba yisiphukuphuku aphezulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Ezigabeni zokuqala ze-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy, ungase ungaboni zimpawu. Yileyo ngxenye eyesabekayo. Ungase ungaboni zinguquko embonweni wakho kuze kube yilapho umonakalo usukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu seziqala ukubonakala, zingafaka:

• Umbono ofiphele noma ophambene: Kuzwakala sengathi ubheka ngenkungu, noma izinto zibonakala zinwebekile.
• Izinguquko ekuboneni umbala: Imibala eyayibonakala ngokucacile ngaphambili manje ingase ibonakale ifiphele noma ingacacile kangako. Ungase ube nokungaboni kahle kombala okusha.
• Ubumpumputhe basebusuku (nyctalopia): Ukubona kuncipha kakhulu ebusuku.
• Ama-eye floater (myodesopsias): Kuzwakala sengathi amachashazi amancane amnyama noma imicu iyantanta phambi kwamehlo.
• Amabala angaboni (ama-scotoma): Ezinye izingxenye zalokho okubonayo azibonakali.
• Ukukhubazeka kwensimu yokubona: Inani lokubona endaweni ezungezile liyancishiswa.
• Ubuthakathaka bokubona kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono ekugcineni.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha .

Kungani lesi simo senzeka?

Imbangela eyinhloko isifo sikashukela . Lesi simo singabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sikashukela.

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 `(Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1)`
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 `(Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2)`
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-3c `(Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-3c)`
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Isifo sikashukela yisimo esiqala lapho amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ehlala ephezulu isikhathi eside . Uma lokhu shukela kwakheka, konakalisa izindonga zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Kuthinta nemithambo yegazi ebucayi emehlweni akho.

Imithambo yegazi eyonakele izama ukuzilungisa futhi ithole ezinye izindlela zokugcina igazi ligeleza. Ngenxa yalokho, leyo mithambo yegazi emisha nebuthakathaka engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni yakheka ebusweni be-retina. Le mithambo ingaqhuma kalula futhi iphume igazi iye entweni efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous). Futhi, uketshezi lungavuza emithanjeni yegazi eyonakele futhi lubangele ukuthi ingxenye ephakathi ye-retina, ingxenye lapho sibona khona ngokucacile futhi sihlukanisa khona imibala (i-macula), ivuvuke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-macular edema . Ngemuva kwalokho, umbono uba lufifi.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Kunezinye izici eziningana eziyingozi ezingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-`(i-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)`.

• Isifo sikashukela okunzima ukusilawula: Ingozi iphezulu uma amazinga kashukela egazini ehlala ephakeme.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• Izinga le-cholesterol ephezulu egazini (i-hyperlipidemia)
• Izifo ezihlobene nenhliziyo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo nesifo semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo
• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso

Uma lezi zimo zikhona, ingozi yokulimala kwamehlo iyanda kakhulu uma ihlanganiswa nesifo sikashukela.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zalesi sifo

Uma i-Retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela ingalawulwa kahle, kungase kube nezinkinga ezengeziwe.

• I-macular edema ehlobene nesifo sikashukela (ukuvuvukala enkabeni ye-retina okubangelwa isifo sikashukela)
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal
• Ukopha engxenyeni yeso efana nejeli (i-vitreous hemorrhage)
• I-Glaucoma (ukwanda komfutho wamehlo)
• Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi engxenyeni ye-retina enikeza umbala kanye nokubona okubukhali (i-macular ischemia)

Ekugcineni, lezi zinkinga zingabangela ukuthi amaseli athola ukukhanya ngaphakathi kweso, abizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptors, ayeke ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela kanye nokungaboni.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, izinguquko eziningi esweni ezibangelwa yi-`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` azibonisi izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wamehlo angazibona lezi zinguquko kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nokusebenzisa umuthi wokukhulisa iso. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile)` .

Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela angase abone izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Amabala kakotini ngaphakathi kweso
• Ukopha kwe-retinal
• Imithambo yegazi emincane evuvukele futhi eqhumayo (ama-microaneurysms)
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi esweni (imithambo yegazi emisha eyakheka ngaphakathi kweso)
• Ukuvuvukala kwengxenye ephakathi ye-retina (i-macular edema)
• Ukufakwa kwamafutha ku-retina (ama-exudates e-retinal)
• Imithambo yegazi ebonakala ingajwayelekile ku-retina
• Ukopha okuya entweni efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous hemorrhage)

Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo sikashukela, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho ngudokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Ilashwa kanjani i-`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)`?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. `(I-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` yisimo esingelashwa, kodwa asinakwelashwa ngokuphelele . Ezinye zezimpawu kanye nezinguquko ku-retina zingelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma umonakalo usumkhulu kakhulu, ezinye izinto azikwazi ukuguqulwa.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha eziyinhloko: ukulawula isifo sikashukela sakho kanye nokwelapha amehlo akho.

1. Ukuphatha isifo sikashukela sakho

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ngokusobala ukuthi uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho liphezulu kanye ne-hemoglobin A1C, kulapho ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy iphakama khona . Ngakho-ke, ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho - okusho ukuthi uwagcine ephansi futhi ezinzile - kubaluleke kakhulu ukulibazisa ukuqala kwalesi sifo nokunciphisa ubukhali baso.

Ukuze ulawule isifo sikashukela, kufanele wenze lezi zinto:

• Ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho njalo:Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa kweminwe noma ukuqapha njalo ushukela wegazi.
• Qaphela ukudla okudlayo: Lokho okudlayo kuthinta ngqo amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kanye nenani le-A1C.
• Ukuthatha imithi yakho oyinikezwe udokotela ngendlela efanele: Thatha imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile. Lokhu kuzosiza kakhulu ekugcineni amazinga kashukela egazini lakho engaphakathi kwesilinganiso esinconywayo.
• Ukuya kohlolwa njalo: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngempilo yakho jikelele. Ungakwazi ukubona izinguquko ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo njengoba kunconywa: Lokhu kubalulekile uma unesifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela esingaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukwelashwa kungaqala ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo ube unomphela.
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele: Lokhu kusiza nokulawula isifo sikashukela. Udokotela wakho womndeni uzokuqondisa kulokhu.

2. Ukwelashwa kwamehlo

Umgomo wokwelashwa kwamehlo ukulawula izimpawu zokubona nezamehlo nokunciphisa noma ukunciphisa umonakalo ku-retina. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithile ze-Retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela zifaka:

• Imithi: Isibonelo, kusetshenziswa imithi yokulwa nokukhula kwemithambo yegazi (i-anti-VEGF) noma ama-corticosteroids. Lokhu kufakwa esweni. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzochaza ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
• Ukuhlinzwa nge-laser: Ezinqubweni ezifana ne -laser photocoagulation , uchwepheshe wamehlo usebenzisa i-laser ukwelapha i-retina yakho. Lokhu kungamisa ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha, engajwayelekile, kuyinciphise, noma kumise ukuvuza kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono wasebusuku noma umbono ongaphandle.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo: Uma i-retina yakho isihlukanisiwe (i-retinal detachment), uma igazi liqoqene ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous hemorrhage) futhi lingaphumi, noma uma kukhona omunye umonakalo omkhulu ku-retina, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-vitrectomy .

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma unesifo sikashukela, noma utholakale une-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo njalo. Uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele ufike kangaki ukuzohlolwa. Ukulandela lolu hlelo kungakusiza ukuthi ubone noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Futhi, bona udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo okushintsha kancane kancane kombono :

• Ukubona okunciphile noma ukungaboni kahle njengakuqala.
• Umbono ofiphele noma osontekile.
• Uma ezinye izingxenye zezinto ozibukayo zimnyama, zifiphele, noma zibukeka zihlukile kunezangaphambili.

Kodwa-ke, uma ubona izinguquko ezisheshayo zombono ezifana nalezi, kufanele uye esibhedlela esiseduze noma egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele ngokuzumayo noma ukulahlekelwa umbono okukhulu.

Hlobo luni lwekusasa umuntu one-`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` angalulindela?

I-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela iyisimo esihlala njalo, esihlala isikhathi eside. Ayikho ikhambi laso. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusilawula nokunciphisa ukulahleka kokubona.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela ozoba naso. Kodwa-ke, singaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwenza konke ongakwenza ukuze usivimbele noma usibambezele.

Uma uthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi uthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, ungavimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono futhi ubambezele ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, uma ulawula kahle isifo sakho sikashukela futhi ugcina amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngaphakathi kwamazinga anconywe odokotela bakho, unethuba elihle kakhulu lokunciphisa imiphumela yalesi sifo.

Ngeshwa, abanye abantu bangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokulibazisa lezo zinkinga ngangokunokwenzeka nokuphatha izinguquko zokubona ezibangelwa isifo sikashukela.

Ingabe i-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho nokugcina izinga eliphansi le-hemoglobin A1C kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela. Uma wenza lezi zinto, i-retinopathy ingabuyela emuva ngezinye izikhathi.

Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela onalokhu, kodwa labo abanamazinga kashukela egazini angalawuleki kanye nalabo abanesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside banamathuba amaningi okuthola "i-Retinopathy Ehlobene Nesifo Sikashukela".

Ngisho noma ungenaso isifo sikashukela, uma usengozini enkulu yokuba naso (isibonelo, uma une-prediabetes), ungathatha isinyathelo ngaphambi kokuba utholakale unesifo sikashukela. Ukuthatha isinyathelo kusenesikhathi kungavimbela noma kubambezele ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Kungathinta nokuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izimpawu zokuqala ze-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu. Uma othile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi abazali bakho, izingane zakini, noma izingane, enesifo sikashukela, nawe usengozini enkulu yokuba naso. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulawula kahle kangakanani isifo sikashukela sakho, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kunganele ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-"Diabetes-Related Retinopathy". Kodwa-ke, ukulawula isifo sikashukela sakho, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo, nokunakekela amehlo akho kusabaluleke kakhulu. Kungasiza ekuvikeleni umbono wakho.

Udokotela wakho wesifo sikashukela angakuqondisa kulokhu futhi akuthumele kuchwepheshe wamehlo. Ngokunakekelwa nokusekelwa okuvamile, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uvikele umbono wakho oyigugu.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi ezinye izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• Uma unesifo sikashukela, nakekela amehlo akho ngokukhethekile. I-Retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela ingaba yisimo esibi kakhulu.
• Gcina ushukela wegazi lakho kanye namazinga e-"Hemoglobin A1C" akho elawulwa. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
• Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, kufanele nakanjani uhlolwe amehlo akho ngudokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka (ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile). Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kulula ukukwelapha.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho (ukufiphala, amabala amnyama, ukushintsha kombala), bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma ubhema, yeka. Ukubhema nakho kungabhebhethekisa lesi simo.
• Lawula izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol.

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Kukhona odokotela namalungu omndeni abangakusiza. Uma ungesabi, uthola ukwelashwa okufanele, futhi uphila impilo enempilo, ungavikela amehlo akho.

Isifo sikashukela, ukulimala kwamehlo okubangelwa isifo sikashukela, i-retinopathy, impilo yamehlo, ukuvikelwa kwamehlo, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo