Ingabe unesihlungu esingapheli somphimbo, ushintsho ezwini lakho, noma umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho? Sivame ukungakunaki lokhu njengokujwayelekile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngomdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal , uhlobo lomdlavuza womphimbo olungavamile kodwa olusakazeka ngokushesha. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula necacile.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal?
Lona umdlavuza okhula engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo wethu (i-pharynx), ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-larynx ekhiqiza izwi lethu. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amangqamuzana akuleyo ndawo aba angajwayelekile, ahlukane ngokungalawuleki, bese enza amathumba. Enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lomdlavuza ukuthi lungasakazeka ngokushesha (lusakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba . Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi alubonisi izimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala, abantu abaningi bangase bephuze kancane ekuwutholeni.
Kodwa lokhu akuyona umdlavuza ovame kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, lesi sifo sibikwa kaningi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, yize singavamile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalo mdlavuza?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezinkulu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isifo siqhubeka, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zivele. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela wakho .
| Isibonakaliso | Imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalokhu |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu noma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho | Ngokungafani nomkhuhlane ovamile, lobu buhlungu buhlala njalo. |
| Ukusha kwezwi | Ushintsho olubonakalayo ezwini lakho ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla | Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma umuzwa wokuqina lapho ugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo. |
| Ubuhlungu bendlebe | Lobuhlungu bungabangelwa yimizwa egijima kusukela emphinjeni iye endlebeni. |
| Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni | Kungaba yiqhubu elingenabuhlungu entanyeni. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukwenza umsindo (stridor) | Ukuzwa umsindo wokukhala kwekhwela lapho uphefumula. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi | Lesi yisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo | Uma wehlisa isisindo kakhulu ngaphandle kokuzama. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akubona bonke abanalezi zimpawu abanomdlavuza. Kodwa uma ziqhubeka, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuzihlola.
Kungani lo mdlavuza uvela? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Imbangela eqondile yalo mdlavuza ayaziwa okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale izici eziningana ezibalulekile ezandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Ukubhema: Lesi yisici esiyinhloko nesinkulu kakhulu esibangela umdlavuza womphimbo. Lokhu akubandakanyi ugwayi, ugwayi, kanye ne-beedis kuphela, kodwa futhi nakho konke okufana nokuhlafuna ugwayi kanye nokusebenzisa isinemfu.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abaphuza utshwala nsuku zonke futhi ngobuningi. Ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu uma uphuza utshwala kanye nokubhema.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV: I-HPV imele i-Human Papillomavirus. Kuyisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). Leli gciwane lingangena emphinjeni ngocansi lomlomo nomuntu onegciwane futhi libangele amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma ubona udokotela onezimpawu ozishilo ngenhla, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona. Bangase bakubuze nangokusebenzisa kwakho ukubhema notshwala. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazohlola intamo yakho ukuthi ayinazo yini izigaxa.
Ngemva kwalokho, cishe uzothunyelwa kuchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ENT), ongenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
1. I-Endoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elincane elinekhamera exhunywe emphinjeni wakho ukuze kuhlolwe ingxenye engezansi yomphimbo wakho kanye ne-larynx. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole noma yiziphi izimo zomdlavuza.
2. I-Biopsy: Uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifana ne-"Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)``. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqiniseka nge-100% ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona noma cha.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Uma i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kangakanani nokuthi ngabe usakazeke kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Kungasetshenziswa i-CT scan, i-MRI scan, noma i-PET scan kulokhu.
Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza
Ngemva kokwenza zonke lezi zivivinyo, udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza uzonquma isigaba kanye nezinga lomdlavuza wakho.
- Isigaba: Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi umdlavuza mkhulu kangakanani nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani. Uhlukaniswe kusukela kuSigaba I (isigaba sokuqala) kuya kuSigaba IV (isigaba esithuthukile kakhulu).
- Izinga: Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula futhi asakazeke ngokushesha kangakanani.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike esigabeni somdlavuza wakho, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy.
Ukuhlinzwa
Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ngokuhlinzwa isimila somdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezizungezile.
- Ukususwa kwe-Pharyngectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye noma wonke umphimbo.
- Ukususwa kwe-laryngectomy: Ukususwa kwe-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi). Uma lokhu kwenziwa, uzodinga ezinye izindlela zokukhuluma nokuphefumula. Kuzodingeka kwenziwe imbobo ehlala njalo (stoma) entanyeni yakho ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumula.
- Ukusikwa kwentamo: Ukususwa kwama-lymph node entanyeni uma umdlavuza ususakazekile.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi okudluliselwe ngomlomo (TORS): Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi ukususa izimila ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela ngomlomo.
- Ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha: Ukuhlinzwa kokubuyisela ukusebenza (ukusiza ukugwinya ukudla, ukukhuluma) ngemva kokususwa kwezingxenye zomphimbo.
Ukuhlinzwa komphimbo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekhonweni lakho lokukhuluma, ukudla nokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze wazi konke ngokucacile.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa?
Lo mdlavuza ungaphinde uvele ngemva kokwelashwa. Kukhona nengozi yokuthola umdlavuza omusha kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka uqashwe udokotela ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa.
Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokucela ukuthi uze ngezikhathi zokulandelela ngesheduli ethile.
- Njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili ngonyaka wokuqala.
- Kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezine ngonyaka wesibili.
- Kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngonyaka wesithathu.
- Bese kuba kanye ngonyaka iminyaka emihlanu.
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zivivinyo zingadingeka impilo yonke.
Zikhona yini izindlela zokuzivikela kulesi sifo?
Yebo, impela. Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola lo mdlavuza.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Futhi, gwema ukuphefumula intuthu ebhemayo uma omunye umuntu ebhema.
- Yeka ukuphuza utshwala noma unciphise kakhulu.
- Zivikele egciwaneni le-HPV. Ungathola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV walokhu. Futhi ulandele imikhuba yocansi ephephile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo, ukushaqeka, noma ubunzima bokugwinya. Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala obuningi yizona zinto ezibangela umdlavuza womphimbo. Ukuyeka le mikhuba kungasindisa impilo yakho.
- Uma lo mdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, amathuba okwelashwa nokwelashwa ngempumelelo aphezulu kakhulu.
- Uma unemibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza ngalesi sifo, xoxa ngakho ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho. Uzokunikeza lonke ulwazi kanye nokusekelwa okudingayo.
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