Wake wazibuza ukuthi ulwazi luhamba kanjani emuva naphambili ebuchosheni bethu? Kufana neqembu lezithunywa ezincane ezisebenza ndawonye ukwenza umsebenzi omangalisayo. Sibiza laba ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters ezithunywa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, lokhu kushintshana kwemiyalezo kungaba yinto edidayo kancane. Yilapho-ke imithi ethile isiza khona. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngelinye lala maqembu emithi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-dopamine antagonists.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zi-dopamine antagonists?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga kuqala ukwazi ukuthi iyini i-dopamine. I-Dopamine iyi-neurotransmitter ebaluleke kakhulu ebuchosheni bethu. Isiza ekulawuleni izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa imicabango yethu, imizwa kanye nokunyakaza.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi amangqamuzana ethu obuchopho 'anezikhiye' ezincane. Sibiza lawa ngokuthi 'ama-receptor'. I-dopamine yesithunywa ifana 'nesihluthulelo'. Uma lesi sihluthulelo singena kulolo khiye (i-receptor), lelo seli 'liba yisisebenzi', okusho ukuthi liqala ukwenza umsebenzi walo.
Kulungile, pho umuthi obizwa ngokuthi 'i-dopamine antagonist' wenzani? Lo muthi ufana 'nokhiye mbumbulu' ongawufaka kulowo khiye, kodwa awukwazi ukuvula ukhiye. Okusho ukuthi, lo muthi ungena kukhiye `(receptor)` okudingeka ukuthi i-dopamine iwumise, bese `(uyivimba)`.
Kalula nje, cabanga ngesihlalo ephathini esinekhadi elithi 'Kugciniwe' kuso. Akekho ohlezi lapho, kodwa awukwazi ukuhlala lapho, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela lesi sidakamizwa esisebenza ngayo. Sigcina i-dopamine receptor ingasebenzi, sivimbela i-dopamine yangempela ukuthi ingene futhi iyisebenze.
Ngenxa yokuthi ilawula ukusebenza kwamaseli athile obuchopho ngale ndlela, lo muthi uwusizo kakhulu ekulawuleni ezinye izifo zengqondo nezinye izimpawu.
Lo muthi usetshenziselwa ziphi izimo?
Imithi yokuphikisana ne-dopamine ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko, kodwa kunezimo lapho eminye imithi isebenza kuzo zombili izigaba.
1. Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo: Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sengqondo kanye nezimo ezihlobene naso.
2. Imithi yokwelapha ukugabha: Imithi enikezwa ukuqeda isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Ake sibheke izimo eziyinhloko ezelashwa ngale mithi.
| Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Izimo ezilashwayo |
|---|---|
| Ama-antipsychotics |
|
| Imithi yokulwa nokugabha |
|
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ezikulezi zigaba?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi eziwela kulezi zigaba. Imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe "izizukulwane" ezimbili. Okusho ukuthi, imithi emidala eyatholakala kuqala (isizukulwane sokuqala) kanye nemithi emisha eyatholakala kamuva, enemiphumela emibi embalwa (isizukulwane sesibili).
Imithi yesizukulwane sokuqala (ejwayelekile)
Lena eminye yemithi emidala. Eminye yayo yile:
- `I-Chlorpromazine`
- `I-Haloperidol (Haldol®)`
- `I-Fluphenazine`
- `I-Perphenazine`
- `I-Prochlorperazine`
Imithi yesizukulwane sesibili (engavamile)
Lena imithi emisha kakhulu.
- `I-Olanzapine (i-Zyprexa®)`
- `I-Risperidone (i-Risperdal®)`
- `I-Quetiapine (Seroquel®)`
- `I-Aripiprazole (Abilify®)`
- `I-Clozapine (i-Clozaril®)`
Imithi yokulwa nokugabha kanye nokuhlanza
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona eminye yale mithi ebalwe ngenhla ohlwini lwezifo zengqondo. Isizathu ukuthi ingenza zombili lezi zinto.
- `I-Metoclopramide (Reglan®)`
- `I-Prochlorperazine`
- `I-Olanzapine`
- `I-Haloperidol`
- `I-Domperidone` (Lo muthi awutholakali kabanzi eSri Lanka, futhi ungatholakala kuphela ngemvume ekhethekile)
Okubalulekile: Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi akakakuniki umuthi kulolu hlu. Ungalokothi usebenzise umuthi womunye umuntu, uyeke ukuwuthatha, noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
Ziyini izinzuzo zale mithi?
Ama-dopamine antagonist ayiklasi eliwusizo kakhulu lemithi.
Ngesifo sengqondo:
Kumuntu onesifo esifana ne-psychosis, lo muthi ungasindisa impilo . Unganciphisa ingozi yokuthi abantu abanalezi zimo bazilimaze noma bahlukunyezwe abanye. Ungamnika ithuba elikhulu lokuphila impilo evamile, ukusebenza, nokujabula nemindeni yakhe.
Ngesicanucanu nokuhlanza:
Kithina, ukuhlanza kungaba yinto nje ephazamisayo ephela ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Kodwa cabanga ngesiguli esinomdlavuza. Isicanucanu nokuhlanza abakuzwayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kukhulu kangangokuthi kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, lapho eminye imithi ingasebenzi, le mithi elwa ne-dopamine ingabalethela impumuzo enkulu.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi noma izingozi?
Yebo, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuthi, le mithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu othola yonke le miphumela emibi. Kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengomuthi owuthathayo, umthamo, kanye nesimo somzimba wakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi lokhu futhi ukhulume ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho.
| Umphumela ongase ube khona | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukupholisa | Lokhu kuvamile ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthatha umuthi. Lokhu kuzoncipha njengoba umzimba ujwayela umuthi. |
| Izinkinga Zokunyakaza | - Akathisia:Ukungahlaliseki kokungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, umuzwa wokuthi kufanele uqhubeke uhambahamba. - I -Dystonia: ukuqina kwemisipha ngokuzumayo, ukudikiza (isb., ukugxumagxuma kwentamo ohlangothini olulodwa). - I-Tardive Dyskinesia: Ukunyakaza okungalawulwa kobuso, umlomo, noma ulimi okungenzeka ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside komuthi. |
| Ukwehla Kwegazi Kwama-Orthostatic | Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma uzizwa unesizungu uma usukuma ngokuzumayo uhleli noma ulele phansi. Lokhu kubangelwa ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuzumayo. |
| Izinguquko ze-Hormonal | Ukwanda kwe-hormone i-prolactin kungabangela abesifazane ukuthi bayeke ukuya esikhathini futhi kube nokuvuza koketshezi olufana nobisi emabeleni abo uma bengancelisi. |
| I-Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esingasongela impilo. Uma kuvela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, ukuqina kwemisipha, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi ngokuzumayo, kufanele uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. |
Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngale miphumela emibi futhi akunikeze iseluleko ngalokho ongakwenza ukuze uyinciphise.
Eminye imibuzo ongase ube nayo
Ngidinga ukuthatha lo muthi isikhathi esingakanani?
Kuya ngesimo oselashwa ngaso. Eminye imithi, njengemithi yokulwa nesicanucanu, ithathwa kuphela uma kudingeka. Kodwa imithi yokugula kwengqondo ingadinga ukuthathwa iminyaka, noma ngisho impilo yakho yonke. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kufanele uyithathe isikhathi esingakanani.
Ngingasebenza noma ngishayele ngenkathi ngithatha lo muthi?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Eminye yale mithi ingabangela ukozela okukhulu noma ukukhathala . Ngakho-ke, kufanele ubuze udokotela wakho ukuthi kuphephile yini ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini ngenkathi uthatha le mithi. Uzokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu.
Ama-dopamine antagonists ayiqembu elibaluleke kakhulu lemithi esize ekuthuthukiseni izimpilo zezigidi zabantu. Nakuba enemiphumela emibi, uma ephathwa kahle ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela, izinzuzo zidlula kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-dopamine antagonists ivimba ama-receptor ebuchosheni athola imiyalezo ye-dopamine.
- Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelapha izifo zengqondo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nesicanucanu/ukuhlanza okukhulu.
- Nakuba le mithi isebenza kahle kakhulu, ingabangela imiphumela emibi njengobuthongo nezinkinga zokunyakaza.
- Ungalokothi uqale, uyeke, noma ushintshe umthamo walo muthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okungavamile ngenkathi usebenzisa umuthi, ungesabi ukutshela udokotela wakho.
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