Ingabe nawe ubhekene nesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala kusenesikhathi? Ake sifunde ngaso!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uke ucabange ukuthi, "O, ngikhohlwa konke kulezi zinsuku"? Noma ingabe uke waphawula izinguquko ezincane enkumbulweni noma ekuziphatheni komngane? Mhlawumbe lezi zinto akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zinto ziqhubeka zenzeka ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukhule, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuzihlola kancane. Ukuzwa lezi zinto kungaba yinto ephazamisayo kancane, kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini Isifo Se-Alzheimer Esiqala Ukuqala?

Kalula nje, i-Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (EOAD) uhlobo lwesifo se-Alzheimer esikhula kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basibiza ngokuthi isifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala ebuntwaneni . Ngokuvamile, lezi zimpawu ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka engu-45 no-64.

Isifo i-Alzheimer's siyisifo esiwohloka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa . Okusho ukuthi, yisifo esonakalisa futhi sibhubhise amaseli ebuchosheni bethu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi yimbangela eyinhloko yesifo sokuwohloka kwengqondo , okuwukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwenkumbulo nokuhlakanipha. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kuka-1% wabo bonke abaguli be-Alzheimer's bahlushwa yisifo sokuwohloka kwengqondo kwasekuqaleni (EOAD).

Ekuqaleni, ungase ube nesikhathi esinzima sokubona izinguquko kuwe. Kodwa labo abaseduze nawe, njengomndeni wakho nabangani bakho, bangase babone izinguquko ezicashile ongase ungaziboni. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko enkumbulweni yakho, ekucabangeni, noma ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni?

Izimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's esivele sikhona zifana kakhulu nezesifo i-Alzheimer's esivamile. Umehluko omkhulu ubudala lapho lezi zimpawu ziqala ukuvela khona. Lesi simo sibangela ukwehla kancane kancane kwamakhono obuhlakani (ukwehla kokuqonda okuqhubekayo) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba ubuchopho bonakalisiwe, izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ekuqaleni, ungase ukuthole kunzima ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ngokwakho. Kodwa abathandekayo bakho, umndeni wakho, bangase baqaphele lezi zinguquko ezincane. Uma wena noma othile omethembayo ebona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ze-dementia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Lesi simo (EOAD) asithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile, singathinta:

• Inkumbulo
• Amakhono olimi - ukukhuluma nokubhala
• Ikhono lokucabanga
• Ukuziphatha kanye nobuntu
• Ukuqwashisa ngendawo - Isibonelo, ukuqonda isikhala.

(EOAD) Izimpawu zivame ukuqala kancane kakhulu futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ungase ubone izinguquko ezincane ezifana nalezi:

• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni noma ebuntwini bakho (ikakhulukazi ukucasuka kakhulu, ukuba nemizwa eguquguqukayo, noma ukuba nemizwa eguquguqukayo kunangaphambili)(Kungase kwande.) Cabanga nje, umuntu owayezolile kakhulu manje usethukuthela ngezinto ezincane.
• Ubunzima bokuthola amagama afanele lapho ukhuluma noma ubhala. Kuzwakala sengathi amagama awaphumi emlonyeni wakho.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (isibonelo, ukukhohlwa amagama abantu, ubuso, noma izenzakalo ezenzeka ngaleso sikhathi). Ingabe uvame ukukhohlwa uhlu lwezinto ozothenga otshelwe ukuthi uzilethe? Noma ingabe ukhohlwa ngokuzumayo ukuthi uzothini ngesikhathi sengxoxo?
• Kunzima ukuxazulula izinkinga obungazixazulula kalula.
• Ngisho noma imiyalelo inikeziwe (njengokupheka ngokuhambisana neresiphi) , kungaba nzima ukugxila kulokho okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo bese wenza izinqumo .
• Izinkinga ngokubona, ukulinganisela, kanye nokuxhumana (ungazithola ugingqika njalo efenisha noma ukhubeka).

Kamuva, ungase ubone izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, njenge:

• Ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi ufike kanjani lapho .
• Okubi nakakhulu ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (kuze kufike ezingeni lapho ukhohlwa ngisho nezingxenye zenkumbulo yakho yesikhathi eside).
• Ukusola nokungathembi abathandekayo (ngisho nalabo othi uyabazi kahle).
• Ukulahlekelwa ingxenye (noma okuphelele) kwekhono lokukhuluma nokuxhumana.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni?

Imbangela eyinhloko yesifo i-Alzheimer's ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukubekwa kwamaprotheni okungajwayelekile ebuchosheni , ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili zamaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid kanye ne-tau .

Uyazi, ubuchopho bethu bunezigidigidi zamaseli ezinzwa abizwa ngama-neurons . Lawa maseli ezinzwa yiwo asisiza sicabange, sifunde, sikhumbule, futhi sihlele. Ngakho-ke, iphrotheni ye-amyloid inamathelana ngaphakathi kwamaseli obuchopho, yakhe amaqoqo abizwa ngama-plaque . Amaprotheni e-tau ayahlangana, akha ama-tangles . Lawa ma-plaque nama-tangles avimbela amaseli ezinzwa ukuthi asebenze kahle. Avimba izimpawu zikagesi nezamakhemikhali ezidlula kuwo.

Uma amaprotheni e-amyloid kanye ne-tau eqoqana ebuchosheni, abulala kancane kancane amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Yilokhu okubangela umonakalo ohlala njalo obangela izimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's. Amangqamuzana ezinzwa aqala ukufa engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho, bese esakazekela kwezinye izingxenye. Ngokuvamile, i-EOAD iqala engxenyeni yobuchopho elawula inkumbulo yethu - i-hippocampus .

Ochwepheshe basazama ukuthola ukuthi kungani la maprotheni enqwabelana. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni kwenzeka esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Kungathatha ngisho neminyaka eyi-10 ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzwa izimpawu.

Ingabe i-Alzheimer's yokuqala ibangelwa yizakhi zofuzo?

Yebo, isifo i-Alzheimer's ngaphambi kwesikhathi siyisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo.Kungenzeka. Iningi lalezi zimo (zesifo i-Alzheimer's ) litholakale lihlobene nezinguquko zofuzo kuma-chromosome 1, 14, noma 21. Futhi, ukuba ne-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-APOE e4 gene kwandisa ingozi. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu one-gene (i-APOE e4) ozohlakulela i-Alzheimer's. Yisici esisodwa kuphela esingandisa ingozi.

Isifo i-Alzheimer singaba semindenini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma abazali bakho noma abafowenu noma abafowenu benalesi sifo, usengozini enkulu yokuba naso. Uma ababili kubafowenu noma bobabili abazali bakho benaso, ingozi yakho iphakeme nakakhulu.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?

Abacwaningi basafunda ukuthi yini ebangela ukuba isifo i-Alzheimer sikhule ngaphambi kwale minyaka. Ezinye izinto eziyingozi zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuba nesifo i-Alzheimer's emalungwini omndeni aseduze (abazali, izingane zakubo).
• Izici zemvelo (okuthile endaweni ohlala kuyo, osebenza kuyo, noma ovame ukuya kuyo).
• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda (ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu) .
• Ukubhema.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Ezinye izimo zempilo zingandisa ingozi ye-Alzheimer's, okuhlanganisa:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sikashukela
• I-Down syndrome ebangelwa yi- (Trisomy 21)
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

Yiziphi izinkinga zesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni?

Inkinga enkulu yesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni umonakalo esiwubangela ebuchosheni bakho. Singabangela izinguquko ezihlala njalo endleleni ocabanga ngayo, endleleni osebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakho, kanye nobuntu bakho. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungase ubhekane nezinkinga, ezinye zazo ezingasongela impilo.

Lokhu kungabonakala njengezinkinga:

• Ukuwohloka kwempilo yomzimba iyonke.
• Izifo (isibonelo , i-pneumonia noma izifo zesikhumba).
• Ukuquleka .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya.

Uma ungakwazi ukulawula umzimba wakho, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Izilonda zombhede .
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukungondleki kahle .
• Ukuwa, amathambo aphukile, kanye nokunye ukulimala okukhulu.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo kanye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba amathumbu .
• Ukubola kwamazinyo, izimbobo, kanye nezinye izinkinga zamazinyo.

Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni sitholakala kanjani?

Odokotela baxilonga i-EOAD ngendlela efanayo naleyo abaxilonga ngayo isifo i-Alzheimer's. Benza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa.Bese, bakhipha ezinye izifo ezingabangela izinkinga zokukhumbula ezifanayo kanye nezinye izimpawu.

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo ukuze aqonde impilo yakho kanye nempilo yakho yansuku zonke. Bazokukhuluma nawe ngezinguquko ongase ungaziboni, kodwa umuntu oseduze nawe azibonile. Udokotela wakho angase akubuze ngalokhu:

• Impilo yakho iyonke.
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha .
• Yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithathayo njengamanje?
• Izinguquko esimweni sakho sengqondo, ekuziphatheni, nasebuntwini bakho.
• Ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi yakho evamile.

Udokotela uzokwenza nokuhlolwa okuningana okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo .
• I-CT scan .
• I-MRI yobuchopho .
• Ukuskena kwe-PET .
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo.

Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungaqinisekisa noma ukuxilonga isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ngolwazi oluqoqwe kusuka kulolo nalolo vivinyo, udokotela angakwazi ukuqeda ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni?

Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukwelashwa okuzonciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo sakho sokuwohloka komqondo , okuwukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo nokuhlakanipha. Akukho ukwelashwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo i-Alzheimer's . Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina impilo yobuchopho impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa-ke, akukho ukwelashwa kwamanje okungabuyisela emuva ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukwehla kwengqondo.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokunikeza ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwe-Alzheimer's kwe-EOAD. Ungadinga imithi efana nale:

• (Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase)
• (I-Donanemab)
• (I-Lecanemab)
• (Abaphikisi be-NMDA)

I-Aducanumab iyindlela entsha yokwelapha i-EOAD. Ochwepheshe basayifunda. Inciphisa iphrotheni ye-amyloid eqongelela ebuchosheni.

Imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezithile

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akunikeze imithi yokulawula ezinye izimpawu. Isibonelo:

• Ama-antidepressant : Le mithi ingalapha izinto ezinjengokukhathazeka, ukungahlaliseki, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, kanye nokucindezeleka.
• (Ama-antipsychotics (ama-neuroleptics)) : Lokhu kungabangela i-paranoia, ukubona izinto ezingekho, kanye nokuphazamiseka.Izinto ezinjalo zingalashwa.
• (Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka) : Le mithi ngezinye izikhathi ingalapha ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo

Ososayensi bahlala becwaninga nge-EOAD kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kukhona yini ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okungakusiza. Lokhu ukuhlolwa noma izifundo ezibandakanya izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezinesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni. Lokhu kungakunika ithuba lokuzama ukwelashwa okusha okungakatholakali kabanzi okwamanje.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila yomuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's esaqala?

Isifo i-Alzheimer's esingaphambi kwesikhathi sithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu baphila amashumi eminyaka. Abanye bafa kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-10 bexilongiwe. Ukuthi ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani kuncike ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• Izinga lapho amakhono akho obuhlakani ewohloka khona (ukwehla kwengqondo) .
• Uneminyaka yakho lapho watholakala ukuthi unesifo.
• Impilo yakho iyonke kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo ongase ube nazo.

Isifo se-Alzheimer esiqala kusenesikhathi sivame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kunesifo se-Alzheimer esivamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ube nezimpawu ezinzima ngokushesha kunomuntu otholakale eseneminyaka engu-65. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuphila nesifo se-Alzheimer esiqala kusenesikhathi (EOAD). Angakusiza ukuthi uzibekele imigomo enengqondo kanye nokulindela.

Uzivumelanisa kanjani nokuphila ne-Alzheimer's esemncane?

Ukuphila nesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala kusenesikhathi kungaba nzima kakhulu. Abantu abathola isifo i-Alzheimer's (EOAD) esiqala kusenesikhathi bavame ukusebenza, futhi bangase babe nemindeni emincane enezingane ezincane . Lokhu kungaletha izinselele abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's esivamile abangenazo. Lokhu kungaba yinselele yangempela, kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa kulolu hambo.

Unelungelo lokufuna izinsizakalo ozidingayo endaweni yakho yokusebenza. Udokotela wakho angakutshela nangezinye izinsiza ezingakusiza. Ungaqala ukuhlela ikusasa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ungase uthande ukucabangela iziqondiso ezithuthukisiwe , izinhlelo zomthetho nezezezimali.

Uma udinga ukwesekwa, khuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo . Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's abaqala ekuqaleni kanye nemindeni yabo bazizwe becindezelekile, bekhathazekile futhi bedabukile kakhulu , ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuxilongwa. Leyo mizwa ingokoqobo futhi iyasebenza, kodwa akudingeki ilawule impilo yakho. Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo angakusiza uqonde imicabango nemizwa yakho futhi akusize ubhekane nayo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngenkumbulo yakho noma ukucabanga, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha .

Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe njalo nodokotela wakho. Uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yesimo sakho futhi alungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Ungabuza nodokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko okufanele mina nomndeni wami siziqaphele?
• Ingabe ikhona indlela yokubikezela ukuthi lesi sifo sizoqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Ungasikisela noma yiziphi izinsiza zomphakathi ezingasiza umndeni wami ukuba uvumelane nalesi simo?

Wonke umuntu ukhohlwa izinto ezincane ngezikhathi ezithile, noma ngokuzumayo akhohlwe lokho abezokusho ngenkathi ekhuluma. Akuyona into yokukhathazeka ngayo. Akekho owazi ingqondo nomzimba wakho kangcono kunawe. Kodwa uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi inkumbulo noma ukucabanga kwakho kushintsha kakhulu—ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ngokuzumayo—bonana nodokotela.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuzithatha ekhaya kulesi sihloko?

Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni siyisifo esibi kakhulu esingathinta abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona izimpawu zokuqala njengokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokuthola amagama, kanye nokushintsha kokuziphatha .

Nakuba kungekho ikhambi lalesi simo, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Khumbula, awuwedwa. Kukhona odokotela, ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo, kanye namaqembu okusekela angakusiza wena nomndeni wakho ukuba nibhekane nale nselele.

Nakekela impilo yobuchopho bakho. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko, ungazinaki.

I- Alzheimer's, ukukhohlwa, inkumbulo, isifo sobuchopho, isifo sezinzwa, i-dementia, i-EOAD