Kuthiwani uma inkinga yenhliziyo yokuzalwa ingelashwa? Funda nge-Eisenmenger Syndrome

Wake wezwa ngezingane ezizalwa zinembobo enhliziyweni yazo? Esikhathini esiningi, uma zelashwa ngokushesha, lokhu akuyona inkinga. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, uma lezi zimo zingelashwa, zingaba izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Eisenmenger Syndrome. Nakuba lesi kuyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi, sizokhuluma ngaso kalula namuhla, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sikhumbule ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani. Cabanga ukuthi inhliziyo yethu ifana nendlu enamakamelo amane. Amakamelo amabili aphezulu namakamelo amabili aphansi. Uhlangothi lwesokudla lwenhliziyo luqukethe igazi "elingcolile" eliye lajikeleza emzimbeni wonke, linomoya-mpilo ophansi. Leli gazi lidinga "ukuhlanzwa" ngokulithumela emaphashini ukuze lifakwe umoya-mpilo. Uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo luqukethe igazi "elihlanzekile" eliye lageleza lisuka emaphashini, ligcwele umoya-mpilo. Leli gazi liphampa emzimbeni wonke. Ngokuvamile, igazi alihlangani phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi ezimbili.

Manje, ake ucabange ukuthi uzalwa unembobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo (isibonelo). Ingcindezi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo iphakeme kuneyangakwesokudla. Ngakho-ke, ezigabeni zokuqala, elinye igazi elicebile ngomoya-mpilo lidlula kulowo mbobo liye ohlangothini lwesokudla bese lixubana negazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-shunt esuka kwesobunxele iye kwesokudla . Lokhu kubangela ukwanda okungadingekile kwenani legazi eliya emaphashini.

Ekugcineni, ingcindezi engaphakathi kwamaphaphu iyanda kakhulu kangangokuthi ingcindezi ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo iba phezulu kunasohlangothini lwesobunxele. Kwenzekani-ke? Ukugeleza kwegazi kuphenduka ngokuphelele. Lokho kusho ukuthi manje igazi "elingcolile", elinomoya-mpilo ophansi, aliyi emaphashini futhi liyahlanzwa, kodwa lihamba ngqo kulowo mgodi liye ohlangothini lwesobunxele futhi liphampulwa emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-shunt esuka kwesokudla iye kwesobunxele .

Leli qoqo lezimpawu nezinkinga ezibangelwa ukumpompa kwegazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo emzimbeni yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Eisenmenger Syndrome .

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezo ezibangelwa ukungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele emzimbeni (i-hypoxemia). Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala ebusheni noma ebudaleni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingaqala ebuntwaneni.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izinkinga zenhliziyo eziyisisekelo?

Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lesi simo sibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okungazange kuphathwe. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Atrial septal defect ( ASD ): Imbobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphezulu (i-atria) enhliziyo.
• I-Ventricular septal defect ( VSD ):Imbobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphansi (amakamelo) enhliziyo.
• I-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): Ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwe-aorta nomthambo wamaphaphu okufanele kuvaleke ngemva kokuzalwa.
• I-Atrioventricular septal defect: Imbobo enkulu phakathi kwenhliziyo, kanye nezinkinga ngama -valve enhliziyo .
• Iphutha le-ventricle eyodwa: Elinye kuphela ikamelo elingaphansi kwenhliziyo elisebenza kahle.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yalesi simo:

I-Eisenmenger syndrome ayithinti nje inhliziyo namaphaphu kuphela. Amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo emzimbeni angabangela ezinye izinkinga eziningi.

• I-erythrocytosis yesibili: Umzimba ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amaningi kunalokho okudingayo ukuze uthathe indawo yomoya-mpilo, okungaqinisa igazi futhi kwandise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Ukopha okungajwayelekile: Izinto ezifana nokukhwehlela igazi, ukopha ekhaleni, ukuya esikhathini okunzima, kanye nokopha kwezinsini.
• Ukungalingani kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmias): Ukungalingani kwenhliziyo.
• Amahlule egazi: Uma la mahlule egazi eya ebuchosheni, izimo ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nesifo sohlangothi zingavela.
• Amathumba obuchopho.
• Iminwe eboshwe ngenduku.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo (i-endocarditis ethelelekayo).
• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi.

Ingozi ephezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane one-Eisenmenger syndrome kuyingozi kakhulu, futhi kusongela ngisho nokuphila . Inhliziyo kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi akukwazi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungaholela ekufeni kukamama noma umntwana, noma kokubili.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela wakho angase akusole lokhu ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bakuqinisekise.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Ukuze ufunde ngenani lamaseli abomvu egazi kanye nezinye izinkinga.
• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Iskeni esibheka ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, isakhiwo sayo, kanye nendawo yomgodi.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Ukuhlola umsebenzi kagesi kanye nesigqi senhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo: Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu okuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane enhliziyweni nasemaphashini ukuze kulinganiswe ngokunembile ingcindezi lapho.
• I-pulse oximetry: Ukulinganisa izinga le-oxygen egazini ngedivayisi encane enamathiselwe emunweni.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca: Ukuqapha indlela amazinga enhliziyo nomoya-mpilo ashintsha ngayo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

Ilashwa kanjani? Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka?

Into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqonde lapha ukuthi uma i-Eisenmenger syndrome isivele yavela, isici sokuqala senhliziyo (imbobo) esiyibangele asikwazi ukuvalwa ngokuhlinzwa . Uma lokho kwenziwa, inhliziyo ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nomfutho ophezulu osevele uqoqene emaphashini, futhi kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ngisho nokufa.

Ngakho-ke, imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, nokuvimbela izinkinga.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-pulmonary hypertension (PAH): Lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha. Le mithi inciphisa ingcindezi emithanjeni yegazi emaphashini, iqeda izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya.
• Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile zokwelapha, njengokukhipha izinyo, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka enhliziyweni.
• Ukuzivocavoca ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela: Lokhu kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphefumula kwakho namandla akho. Ungalokothi uzivocavoce wedwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
• Amaphilisi noma imijovo yensimbi: Ukwelapha ukuntuleka kwensimbi uma kwenzeka.
• I-oxygen eyengeziwe: Lokhu kunconywa kwezinye iziguli ezikhethiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga e-oxygen egazini.
• Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Lokhu kuyinto okufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha okukhulu futhi kuphela ngokweseluleko sikadokotela.
• Ukufakelwa inhliziyo noma inhliziyo namaphaphu: Inketho yeziguli ezisesigabeni sokugcina isimo sazo esingenakukwazi ukulawulwa ngemithi.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani?

Ngesikhathi uphila nalesi simo, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uzenze.

• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzokwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco.
• Thola imijovo edingekayo ngesikhathi ukuze uvikeleke ezifweni.
• Ukubhekana nokucindezeleka kokuphila nesifo esinjalo sesikhathi esideThola ukwelulekwa .

Uzoba ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela wamaphaphu impilo yakho yonke, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yabo ngqo.