Ngesikhathi ingane yakho encane izalwa, ingabe udokotela wathi yayinobuhlungu benhliziyo? Noma njengoba ikhula, ingabe yakhathala ngokushesha kunezinye izingane lapho igijima futhi idlala? Lezi zinto ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Kodwa ungesabi. Akuzona zonke izifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa naso ezimbi kakhulu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngohlobo lwesifo senhliziyo oluvamile, kodwa olungabangeli amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kuyini Isifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Yi-Acyanotic?
Kalula nje, isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) yisimo esenzeka lapho inhliziyo yengane ikhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinkinga ezincane ngesimo noma ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo. Lezi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Isifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Ukungakhuli: Kulolu hlobo, ngenxa yesici enhliziyweni, inani lomoya-mpilo egazini eliya emzimbeni liyancipha. Bese kuthi izindawo ezifana nezindebe, ulimi, kanye neminwe ziqale ukuphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka . Lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubizwa ngokuthi 'i-cyanosis'.
2. Isifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Ukungakhuli: Kulolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo, akukho ukushoda komoya-mpilo egazini oya emzimbeni, noma ngabe kukhona isici enhliziyweni. Ngakho-ke, umzimba awuphenduki ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesici enhliziyweni, kukhona ukungalingani okuthile endleleni igazi eligeleza ngayo emzimbeni wonke.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, esifweni senhliziyo esingeyona i-cyanotic, noma ngabe kunomoya-mpilo omningi egazini, kunenkinga ngendlela igazi eligeleza ngayo enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungabeka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe enhliziyweni.
Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?
Cishe izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezingu-8 kweziyi-1,000 emhlabeni zinesimo esithile sesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Kulezi , ama-75%, noma cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine, yizo ezibangela isifo senhliziyo esikhuluma ngaso. Ngakho-ke ungabona ukuthi lesi akusona isimo esingavamile kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesifo senhliziyo esingeyona i-cyanotic?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo senhliziyo ezitholakala ngaphansi kwalokhu. Ake siqonde ngayinye ngamagama alula. Bheka leli thebula.
| Igama lesifo (Igama Lezokwelapha) | Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo. |
|---|---|
| I-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) | Imbobo odongeni ehlukanisa amakamelo amabili angezansi (ama-ventricle) enhliziyo. Lesi yisifo senhliziyo esivame kakhulu ukuzalwa naso. Ezimweni eziningi, imbobo encane iyazivaleka ngokwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| I-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | Imbobo odongeni ehlukanisa amakamelo amabili aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria). Lezi zimbobo azivami ukuvala zodwa, njenge-VSD. Izimbobo ezinkulu zingadinga ukuvalwa ngokuhlinzwa. |
| I-Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) | Uma umntwana esesibelethweni, kuba nokuxhumana phakathi kwemithambo emibili emikhulu evimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze liye emaphashini. Lokhu kuxhumana kufanele kuvaleke ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma kungenjalo, kubizwa ngokuthi i-PDA. Lokhu kuvamile ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. |
| I-Aortic Stenosis | Ukuncishiswa kwevalvu ye-aorta, lapho igazi lingena khona ku-aorta, umthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. |
| I-Pulmonary Stenosis | Ukuncipha kwevalvu yemithambo yephaphu ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini. |
| Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Aorta | Ukuvaleka noma ukuncishiswa komthambo oyinhloko (i-aorta) othwala igazi uliyise emzimbeni. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Ezinye izingane ezinalesi simo zingase zingabonisi zimpawu lapho zizalwa. Okuwukuphela kwesibonakaliso kungaba umsindo wenhliziyo owengeziwe (ukububula kwenhliziyo) udokotela awuzwa nge-stethoscope.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba inhliziyo iqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima ukupompa igazi, kungavela izinkinga ezithile. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) ungavela ngoba inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, umfutho wegazi emaphashini (umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu) nawo unganda. Ekugcineni, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungavela, isimo lapho inhliziyo ingasakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela kulezi zimo:
- Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ikakhulukazi uma uzivocavoca noma uzikhandla.
- Isiyezi: Umuzwa osheshayo wokuzungeza.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kalula: Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile (Ukukhathala).
- Ukungezwani komzimba: Ungase ulahlekelwe ingqondo ngokuzumayo bese uwe.
Yini ebangela lesi simo?
Ososayensi abakakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi kungani kwenzeka lezi ziphazamiso zenhliziyo zokuzalwa, kodwa bathole ukuthi izici ezithile zingase zibe nomthelela kulokhu.
- Ama-chromosome angavamile: Kukhona ingozi eyengeziwe yalezi ziphazamiso zenhliziyo ezihambisana nezimo ezithile zofuzo.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Uma othile emndenini eke waba nesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa, ingozi yokuthi ingane ithole lesi sifo iphakeme kancane.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha umama angase abe nazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingathinta ingane esanda kuzalwa, njengesifo sikashukela, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-rubella, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma udokotela wakho ezwa umsindo wenhliziyo owengeziwe noma ingane yakho ibonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungahlola usayizi nesimo senhliziyo kanye nesimo samaphaphu.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Ukuhlolwa okulula okukala ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu. Sifana nokuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Singabona ngokucacile konke okusenhliziyweni, okuhlanganisa amakamelo, ama-valve, kanye nezimbobo ezindongeni.
- Ukufakwa Kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo: Kulokhu, ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi engalweni noma emlenzeni liye enhliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe izinto ezifana nokucindezela ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, amazinga omoya-mpilo, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa idayi ukuze kubhekwe ukugeleza kwegazi.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Indlela yokwelapha incike ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwesifo senhliziyo, ubukhali baso, kanye nobudala besiguli.
Ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Isibonelo, imbobo encane ku-VSD ingase izivale ngokwayo njengoba ingane ikhula.
Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu noma udokotela ethola ukuthi kungase kube nomonakalo enhliziyweni, kuzodingeka ukwelashwa.
- Imithi: Imithi inikezwa ukusiza inhliziyo isebenze kalula, ukulawula umfutho wegazi, noma ukususa uketshezi oluningi enhliziyweni.
- Izinqubo ze-catheter: Izinqubo ezingezona ezokuhlinzwa, ezifana ne-catheterization yenhliziyo, zihilela ukudlulisa ipayipi elincane enhliziyweni bese ufaka ipulaki/idivayisi encane ukuvala imbobo, njenge-ASD noma i-VSD.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile kungadingeka ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha athile.
Ungaphila kanjani impilo enhle ngalesi simo?
Abantu abaningi abanesifo senhliziyo esingesona esenhliziyo baphila impilo ejwayelekile negcwele. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda isimo sakho nokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
Uma wena noma ingane yakho inalesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthi nihlolwe njalo ngudokotela wenhliziyo womuntu omdala ozelwe . Uzoniqondisa kulokhu okulandelayo:
- Nquma ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokuzivocavoca elifanele neliphephile kuwe.
- Landela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
- Hlola njalo ukuthi isimo senhliziyo yakho sishintsha kanjani njengoba ukhula.
- Uma kudingeka, thatha imithi, njengemithi yomfutho wegazi, ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni.
- Uma unquma ukukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngakho nochwepheshe kusengaphambili, ngoba kubeka umthwalo owengeziwe enhliziyweni.
- Yenza isinqumo esinembile mayelana nokuthi kudingeka nini ukuhlinzwa noma olunye ukwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-acyanotic siyisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, umzimba awuphenduki ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngoba akukho ukushoda komoya-mpilo egazini.
- I-VSD, i-ASD, kanye ne-PDA yizimo ezivame kakhulu ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
- Ezinye izingane zingase zingabonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa kamuva zingase zibe nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula nokukhathala.
- Eziningi zalezi zimo zinezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, kanti ezinye ziphela ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wenhliziyo onguchwepheshe. Ungakhathazeki, ngokuphathwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo enempilo.
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