Iyini i-Eisenmenger Syndrome? Sizoxoxa ngayo ngokuningiliziwe?

Wake wezwa ukuthi ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo zingaholela ezimweni ezibucayi kamuva ekuphileni? Esinye sezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kangaka yi-Eisenmenger syndrome. Igama lingase libe lisha kuwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ngalo, ikakhulukazi uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, ngoba ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqwashisa ngalesi simo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iyini ngempela i-Eisenmenger Syndrome?

Kalula nje, i-Eisenmenger Syndrome yisimo esenzeka lapho igazi eliningi kakhulu ligeleza ngemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye emaphashini akho. Cabanga ngakho njengamanzi ageleza ngompompi ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuholela ekucindezelekeni kwegazi okuphezulu emithanjeni yegazi yamaphaphu akho kanye nangakwesokudla kwenhliziyo yakho, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Pulmonary Hypertension . Kufana nokuzama ukusunduza amanzi amaningi ngepayipi elincane, okudala ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngaphakathi kwepayipi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi liqala ukugeleza ngendlela engafanele phakathi kwezinhlangothi zesobunxele nesokudla zenhliziyo (`ukugeleza kwegazi`). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuxhumana okungavamile (njengomgodi okhona lapho kuzalwa), igazi elivela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo (elicebile ngomoya-mpilo) ligeleza liye ohlangothini lwesokudla (umoya-mpilo ophansi). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi simo singabuye siguqulwe, okusho ukuthi igazi elinomoya-mpilo omncane ligeleza lisuka ohlangothini lwesokudla liye kwesobunxele.

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Eisenmenger syndrome, sivame ukwenzeka lapho ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okuzelwe nakho kungelashwa noma kungatholakalanga . Uma lesi simo siqhubeka isikhathi eside, singabangela umonakalo wamaphaphu unomphela kanye nezinye izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Yingakho lesi kuyisimo esidinga ukunakwa okuseduze.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo?

I-Eisenmenger syndrome yisimo esivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha abazalwa bene-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), imbobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphansi okupompa enhliziyo (ama-ventricle angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla).

Futhi, i-Eisenmenger syndrome ingenzeka uma ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo zingalashwa kahle. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Iphutha lomsele we-Atrioventricular
• Iphutha le-Atrial septal
• Isifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanotic (lapho umzimba uphenduka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)
• I-patent ductus arteriosus (umthambo wegazi okufanele uvaleke ngemva kokuzalwa)
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot (inhlanganisela yeziphambeko ezine zenhliziyo)
• Truncus arteriosus `(Truncus arteriosus)`

Enye into, i-Down syndrome.Izingane ezine-Down syndrome nazo zisengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso. Ngenxa yalokho, zingase zibe sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Eisenmenger syndrome. Eqinisweni, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-25% no-50% wabantu abadala abane-Eisenmenger syndrome nabo bane-Down syndrome.

Ivame kangakanani i-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Ngenhlanhla, i-Eisenmenger syndrome iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Sithinta abantu abadala abaphakathi kuka-1% no-6% abazalwa benesici senhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokungavamile kwaso, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngenxa yobucayi baso.

Yini ebangela i-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, udinga ukuba nombono omncane wokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ezinhliziyweni zethu. Cabanga ukuthi inhliziyo yethu ifana nendlu enamakamelo amane.

Ukujikeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni enempilo kwenzeka kanje:

1. I-atrium yangakwesokudla: Igazi elisetshenzisiwe, elingenawo umoya-mpilo liqala lize liqoqeke lapha. Leli gazi bese liphonswa liye e-ventricle yangakwesokudla.

2. I-ventricle yesokudla: Yilapho igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lithunyelwa khona emaphashini ukuze lithole umoya-mpilo omusha.

3. I-atrium yangakwesobunxele: Igazi elihlanzekile elifakwe umoya-mpilo emaphashini libuyela enhliziyweni lapha. Leli gazi libe selithunyelwa kwi-ventricle yangakwesobunxele.

4. I-ventricle yangakwesobunxele: Lena yiphampu eyinhloko yenhliziyo. Yilapho igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisakazeka khona emzimbeni wonke.

Manje ake ucabange ukuthi kukhona iphutha lesakhiwo enhliziyweni, njengembobo odongeni phakathi kwama-ventricle angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele (VSD). Kwenzekani-ke? Igazi elinothile ngomoya-mpilo (ngakwesobunxele) kanye negazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo (ngakwesokunene) liqala ukuhlangana . Ngenxa yalokho, igazi eliningi kakhulu ligeleza emaphashini. Yilokhu okubangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Futhi, inani legazi elinothile ngomoya-mpilo okudingeka liye kuwo wonke umzimba liyancishiswa. Lena yinkinga eyisisekelo ye-Eisenmenger syndrome.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Izimpawu ze-Eisenmenger syndrome zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ziya ngohlobo lwesifo senhliziyo kanye nezitho zomzimba ezithintekile. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimpawu azibonakali zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuvamile ziqala ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuthomba noma ekuqaleni kokukhula kwentsha. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimpawu ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi.

Lezi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina (i-Angina)
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmias) - Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngezindlela ezahlukene esikhundleni sokushaya ngendlela eyodwa.
• Ukwandiswa kwemikhawulo yezinzipho kanye nokugoba kwezinzipho (Clubbing) - njengemikhawulo yesigubhu.
• Ukukhwehlela igazi.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okumpunga (i-Cyanosis) - Lokhu kubangelwa ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo egazini.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, amaqakala, izinyawo, noma isisu (i-edema).
• Ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, uzwa umsindo wesifuba sakho sishaya ngamandla (ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
• Ukukhathala okukhulu nokuntuleka kwamandla (Ukudinwa).
• Ukuphelelwa umoya - Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Ngeshwa, i-Eisenmenger syndrome akuyona isifo esihlala endaweni eyodwa. Ingaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene zempilo. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukopha okuya ebuchosheni.
• Ithumba lobuchopho elibangelwa ukutheleleka.
• Ukungatholakali kwegazi okwanele ebuchosheni (ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho).
• I-Gout.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo, isibonelo, i-endocarditis.
• Ukuqina kwegazi (i-Hyperviscosity syndrome).
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu).
• Isifo sohlangothi.
• Ukufa okuzumayo.

Uma ubheka lezi zinkinga, uyabona ukuthi lesi simo sibucayi kangakanani, akunjalo? Yingakho kudingeka sikunake kakhulu lokhu.

I-Eisenmenger syndrome ihlolwa kanjani?

Udokotela uvame ukubheka izimpawu ze-Eisenmenger syndrome ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. Isibonelo, ukuthi isikhumba sakho siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuthi iminwe yakho iboshwe ngenduku, nokuthi uzwa imisindo engavamile uma ulalele inhliziyo yakho.

Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlola izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elincane enhliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi futhi kubhekwe isakhiwo sayo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba.
• Inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC).
• I-Echocardiogram (I-Echocardiogram - i-echo): Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungabheka amakamelo enhliziyo, ama-valve, nokuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI yenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu.

Udokotela angakwazi ukuhlonza lesi sifo ngokunembile ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholwe kulezi zivivinyo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha i-Eisenmenger syndrome ukulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe enhliziyweni noma emaphashini.

Okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa:

• Ama-antibiotic: Vimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane enhliziyweni nasemaphashini.
• Ama-Anticoagulant: Yehlisa ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi.
• Ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi): Nciphisa inani loketshezi oluthe xaxa oluqongelela emzimbeni.
• Ama-dual endothelin receptor antagonists: Lawa uhlobo olukhethekile lomuthi olunikezwa ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu emaphashini.
• Izithako zensimbi: Yelapha i-anemia ebangelwa ukuntuleka kwensimbi.
• Umoya-mpilo owengeziwe: Yenza ukuphefumula kube lula futhi kwandise amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma i-Eisenmenger syndrome isiqalile, kuvame ukuba sekwephuze kakhulu ukulungisa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwe nakho, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi umonakalo emaphashini usuvele wenziwe.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu kanye nomonakalo omkhulu wezitho zomzimba bangadinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo noma amaphaphu. Kodwa lokho futhi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi eyingozi.

Ingabe i-Eisenmenger syndrome ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela i-Eisenmenger syndrome ukuhlonza izinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo kusenesikhathi, zisencane, bese ziphathwa ngendlela efanele, futhi uma kudingeka, zihlinzwe. Uma lezi zinkinga zihlonzwa futhi zelashwa ebuntwaneni, kunethuba elikhulu lokuvimbela isimo esibucayi njenge-Eisenmenger syndrome.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abane-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Abantu abane-Eisenmenger syndrome bangase babe nesikhathi sokuphila esifushane kunesomphakathi jikelele. Lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga ezihambisana nalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu baphila baze bafinyelele eminyakeni ephakathi. Ubude besikhathi abangasiphila buxhomeke ezicini ezifana nobunzima bezimpawu zabo, uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo esibangelwa ukuzalwa, nokuthi basabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho futhi unakekele impilo yakho.

Uma ngine-Eisenmenger syndrome, ngingakhulelwa yini?

Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhulelwa kuyingozi kakhulu kumuntu one-Eisenmenger syndrome. Kungaholela ezingozini ezinkulu njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, amahlule egazi, nokufa ngokuzumayo. Uma unalesi simo futhi ucabanga ngokukhulelwa, kufanele nakanjani ubone uchwepheshe wezimo zenhliziyo zabantu abadala (`(uchwepheshe wezimo zenhliziyo zabantu abadala)`) ukuze axoxe ngalezi zingozi. Nguye ozokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani nge-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Uma une-Eisenmenger syndrome, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yezinkinga. Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kuzokusiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Izinto okufanele zenziwe:

• Yidla ukudla okulawulwa yi-sodium: Ukudla usawoti omningi kungabangela ukugcinwa koketshezi emzimbeni futhi kwandise umfutho wegazi.
• Thola imijovo efanele: Zivikele ezifweni ezifana ne-pneumonia kanye ne-influenza.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi futhi ungavumeli umzimba wakho uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni (`(Uhlala unamanzi emzimbeni)`) : Kodwa kuphela ngobuningi obunconywe udokotela wakho.
• Landela yonke imithi kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezinikezwe udokotela wakho wenhliziyo ngqo. Ungaphuthelwa yidosi eyodwa.
• Thatha ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwamazinyo noma ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo zenhliziyo. Buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Izinto okungafanele zenziwe:

• Gwema ukuya ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ngaphezu kolwandle (`(Izindawo eziphakeme)`): Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungakhula ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo ezindaweni eziphakeme.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa ama-sauna, amakamelo anomusi, noma ama-hot tub: Lokhu kungabangela ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi.
• Gwema ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele.
• Gwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima: Yenza ukuzivocavoca okulula kuphela ezingeni elivunyelwe udokotela wakho.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Eisenmenger syndrome yisimo lapho kukhona umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yegazi yamaphaphu kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla lwenhliziyo. Ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okungelashwa. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukubonakala ebusheni noma ebudaleni obusha. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis), ukuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kuhloswe kakhulu ekunciphiseni izimpawu nokunciphisa umonakalo enhliziyweni nasemaphashini. Sekwephuze kakhulu ukwelapha lesi simo ngokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuxilonga nokwelapha izinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokusiza.

I- Eisenmenger syndrome, isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme emaphashini, i-cyanosis, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho, ubunzima bokuphefumula, impilo yenhliziyo